نشریه مدیریت شهری و مهندسی محیط زیست
پیاپی 2 (تابستان 1402)

Materials in tailings dams that contain major ions and heavy metals lead to the release of toxic metals and acid production with the presence of oxygen, which has a high potential for pollution and has an adverse effect on the quality of surface and underground waters. In this research, the effect of tailings dam on zinc on the changes of manganese, molybdenum and arsenic in surface and underground waters of Takht-e-Gonbad copper mining area has been studied. Number of 11 samples were taken from different parts of the tailings dam area, these studies were carried out on surface and underground water in two dry and wet seasons. The concentration of heavy metals such as manganese, molybdenum, and arsenic were investigated and the related graphs were drawn and interpreted using Arc GIS software. Then the monitoring of underground water pollution in the mining area was investigated. The concentration of manganese in the drainage of the sedimentation dam, tailings dam water No. 3, and mine pit water is slightly higher than the environmental standard. The highest amount of molybdenum is found in the dry season and in mine peat. The concentration of arsenic in the wet season in all samples is below the standard limit, and in the dry season, this amount is more than the drinking standard of Iran. Based on the instructions of the Environmental Protection Organization and according to the existing conditions, it is suggested to dig 17 observation wells with a maximum depth of 50 meters as 1st grade monitoring wells around the tailings dam of Takht-e-Gonbad copper mine.

Waste management is a global issue whose importance is increasing day by day. Neglecting proper waste management has caused special problems that can be solved through the coordination of science and experience within the framework of proper management, and in this way pollution caused by landfills, including air pollution, can be minimized. In addition, optimal use of the gases produced in the landfill can be made; therefore, estimating the amount of gases that can be extracted from landfills can help in proper waste management. The purpose of this research was to estimate the amount of extractable gases in the Alborz landfill site in Qom Province. For this purpose, the amount of waste in the landfill, the composition of the waste, and the environmental and climatic conditions of the region were entered into the LandGem software, and an estimate of the amount of extractable gases at this site was made. Considering the number of remaining cells from the Alborz site and the amount of waste production, the useful life of the Alborz site is considered to be 15 years. After estimating the production waste, the necessary inputs for the software to estimate the recoverable gas in the period of 5 and 15 years from 2021 to 2035 have been prepared. According to the calculations made with LandGem software, the maximum amount of gas that can be extracted from the Alborz site per year for a period of 5 years is 11 million cubic meters for rapidly decomposing waste and 0.5 million cubic meters for slowly decomposing waste. Also, the maximum amount of gas that can be extracted from the landfill per year for a period of 15 years for rapidly decomposing waste is calculated at 31 million cubic meters and for slowly decomposing waste at 1.6 million cubic meters, which can be managed and used optimally with proper planning.

Kerman province is a mineral and industrial region undergoing progress and development. Due to the growth of industries and the location of Kerman province in a strategic position, transportation systems, and environmental effects have received much attention. In this study, using life cycle assessment, the environmental effects of the rail and cargo fleet in Kerman province have been investigated. At first, the required information on the transportation of goods for the periods of one and five years was collected in the operation phase, and by using the OPENLCA software, the steps related to the life cycle assessment were carried out. Based on the CML baseline method, which is one of the most comprehensive evaluation methods in this software, the environmental effects of produced pollutants and consumed resources during the life cycle of two scenarios with a one-year and five-year time period were determined and calculated in 11 effect classes. These studies, which were carried out in the direction of sustainable development and environmental protection, provide the necessary information on the transportation of goods for a one-year and five-year period and its effect on the various effect points of acidification, climate change, destruction of aquatic resources - elements, final reserves. Taking aquatic resources, fossil fuels, eutrophication, freshwater toxicity, human toxicity, marine aquatic toxicity, ozone layer destruction, photochemical smog, and soil toxicity showed. Therefore, the need for serious and detailed planning to overcome the aforementioned crises is felt more and more.

The integration of advanced technologies, such as smart automation systems and the Internet of Things (IoT), has revolutionized modern greenhouses by enhancing product quality, precise plant growth control, disease and pest reduction, chemical and toxin minimization, waste reduction, and overall operational efficiency. This study focuses on the development of a wireless configuration to transform conventional greenhouses into smart ones with minimal expenses and modifications. The proposed system employs a comprehensive range of sensors to monitor crucial environmental parameters, including temperature, air humidity, light intensity, soil moisture, and CO2 concentration. WiFi and ZigBee protocols are evaluated to establish seamless communication between these sensors and the central monitoring station. WiFi protocol is deemed cost-effective in greenhouses where no interference occurs within the 2.4 GHz frequency range. However, in cases where frequency interference is present, utilizing ZigBee modules operating at sub-one gigahertz frequency (900 MHz) or using the WiFi in the 5 GHz band is recommended. This wireless configuration minimizes installation and setup time and costs and enables remote monitoring and control of greenhouse conditions, empowering users with real-time access to intelligent control system information anytime and anywhere. The proposed solution contributes to the advancement of smart greenhouse automation, offering an economical and efficient approach for the widespread adoption of intelligent systems in the agricultural sector.

Rapid urbanization has increased construction and demolition waste (CDW), exacerbating issues around CDW collection, transportation, and disposal in cities lacking efficient management programs. This study applies life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental performance of current CDW management in Tehran and identify critical aspects for improvement. Using Impact 2002+, LCA was conducted for the base case (19.4% recycling), and two alternative scenarios combining landfilling, source separation, sorting, and varying percentages of CDW recycling. The life cycle inventory used primary data from field studies and secondary data from ecoinvent 3.7 and literature. Results demonstrate recycling benefits through avoided impacts from non-renewable energy, global warming, non-carcinogens, and respiratory inorganics and organics versus landfilling. Hence, findings can motivate improved CDW management based on environmental and technical factors, not just economic and political ones. Producers may be compelled to reduce waste sources, while recyclers and stakeholders are encouraged to continuously enhance C&D waste systems across Iran. Additionally, this study provides data to support other LCAs on CDW. Overall, applying LCA reveals critical ways to advance CDW management in Tehran toward a more sustainable system.

One of the new methods of intervention in old and inefficient neighborhoods is the approach of regeneration. In fact, re-creation is an attempt to revive, revive and regenerate the city, or in other words, to revive the tissues in the city, which were used for commercial and industrial purposes in the past. Now they are abandoned and unusable due to pollution and other problems, so they are not compatible with the society. Today, these lands are called brown and gray urban lands that have survived the development process. Through the control, redevelopment and regeneration of these lands, environmental pollution, problems and threats are reduced to a great extent and can attract and create new jobs, increase the quality and attractiveness of the localities, and also Creating a new urban space by maintaining the main spatial features (physical and functional). This research has been compiled by descriptive-analytical method with the aim of evaluating brown and gray lands with the approach of urban regeneration. In data collection, library and field methods and a researcher-made questionnaire tool were used, and the hierarchical analysis technique (AHP) was used as the main basis of the research analytical model for ranking and valuing economic sub-indices social, physical and environmental have been used. The findings of the hierarchical analysis model on the prioritization of the dimensions affecting the regeneration of brown and gray lands, respectively, on the price of land with a relative weight (0.431), the need for housing with a relative weight (0.285), personal and social security with relative weight (0.384), social harms such as insecurity and delinquency with relative weight (0.217), the potential and capabilities of brown and gray lands with relative weight (0.352), facilities and infrastructure with weight relative (0.230), decrease in environmental quality and increase in pollution with relative weight (0.376), decrease in environmental health and increase in diseases with relative weight (0.329) means that after calculating the weight of the sub-criteria, the ratio of CR (Compatibility) was evaluated. The condition for accepting the work result is that the CR ratio is less than 0.1. It is worth mentioning that the CR ratio in this research was 0.16, 0.06, 0.09, and 0.08 for each index, which indicates the acceptability of the result.