Space Ontology International Journal
Volume:12 Issue: 3, Summer 2023

The optimal design and construction of high-performance buildings to ensure the inhabitants' health, both physically and mentally, has attracted many designers. Maintaining appropriate daylight is one of the most important variables in designing of high-quality residential buildings. Indeed, it has a great impact on creating a sense of desirability, health and relaxation. The main question of this study was the relationship between the intensity of light and the activity of areas outside the brain's default mode network and its effects on the level of sustained attention. Based on the research question, the hypothesis was presented as follows: Low light inhibits sustained attention and regions outside the DMN are expected to be activated by increased light. The study results indicated that the measurable intensity of daylight, can meaningfully influence the examinees. In other words, ambient light at the intensity of 197 lux may activate some brain areas with a defining role in cognitive processes. This would help in activation of the default mode network and helping one to stay even more vigilant during the whole process. This could help better designing architectural spaces such as residential buildings, classrooms and meeting rooms, in which light is a key content of design where vigilance is concerned. It is suggested that researchers, in future studies, pay attention to the effect of other factors on the intensity of illumination, such as Dimensions and type of architectural space, type of materials, color, and absorption coefficient of walls and floors.

Resilience stated that this word means the ability to return to the original state. Third places, hangouts, which all mean a home away from home, are effective in promoting social resilience, this research seeks to answer the main question of how the components of the third place can affect promoting the social resilience of young people. In this regard, the Sajjad neighborhood of Mashhad city has been taken as a case study. This research collected information using the field and library method and by setting up a questionnaire with a sample size of 380 people randomly looking for the required information from the indicators in the youth age group and using the descriptive-analytical research method to analyze the collected data using SPSS and PLS. has been discussed, it should be mentioned that Bartlett and KMO tests were used in this research to check the reliability and validity. The results of the analysis of the information collected from the Sajjad neighborhood of Mashhad show that the best indicator for the social resilience of young people is the benefit of recreational spaces and paying attention to the physical design of third places, and for its improvement, it requires planning and planning in the realization of strategies such as the promotion of sociable use, Improving socializing spaces and increasing permeability and improving sociability hangouts, all of which are effective in improving the social resilience and social interactions of youth.

Semantic contradictions between the contemporary and historical urban landscapes have led to a crisis of meaning in cities. Shiraz, one of the metropolises of Iran, unfortunately, has undergone destruction in the modern era. This research aims to extract the meaning received by the citizens and compare the visual-semantic features of the city. Given this, a combination of photography with a structured questionnaire under the title of “Reflective Photography” has been utilized, with the assistance of “Photo Content Analysis” in the Atlas Ti 8 software. The results showed that the semantic parameters/factors “Sense of Place” and “Structure-Related Qualities” have the most repetition in both historical and contemporary urban landscape contexts and could be entirely beneficial to form a new meaning or strengthen the mental image. There is no meaningful link between meanings and the visual feature of photos, nonetheless, further developments should definitely consider attention to the “Sky View” and “Greenery”.

Cities use a lot of energy sources and they form more than 70 percent of global carbon emissions. It is very important to measure the relationship between urban form and energy consumption. The form of different building blocks in the city can create different microclimates and subsequently affect the thermal comfort and energy performance of each building. Building blocks form includes different variables. The purpose of the research was to predict the effect of the layout pattern of building blocks on the thermal conditions of the building and the annual energy consumption of the building. The general pattern of building block layout (discrete, linear, centripetal) and its characteristics, including length, depth and direction, were considered as independent variables of the research and the annual energy consumption of the building as a dependent variable. The thermal conditions in the building are based on the PMV thermal index as a mediating variable. This research is a quantitative study that includes a literature review and research and software analysis. Accordingly, the samples of building block layouts based on typical patterns in the study area located in the CFA climate were simulated using DesignBuilder software and the results were compared with each other results. Energy consumption results have shown a direct relationship with the thermal conditions of the building. The layout patterns of the building block in the form of a medium-depth centripetal (annual energy consumption: 52718.5 wh/m2) and a short-length linear (annual energy consumption: 54127 wh/m2) can be considered as favorable options in terms of annual energy consumption. Also, changing the direction of building blocks with a linear form causes a significant change in energy consumption (It increases by 10.7% compared to the short linear pattern), and in the discrete pattern, considering designing strategy like insulation for external walls are important to prevent heat loss.

Due to the water scarcity in Iran, the urban water system mostly followed gardens when royal gardens were set there. This paper sets out to reinvigorate this debate, in a new way that combines the water and the structural connections between the gardens and the urban landscape. In this direction, it pursues that the structural connections between the gardens and the city were planned based on the water system, as one of the designers' purposes. This paper investigates this idea in the case of Ashraf al-Belād City and its Safavid Gardens Complex by studying historical documents and combining them with current field observation. This city is crucial because of its specific climate conditions and originality. The repetition of the Safavid urban ideas in Ashraf indicates to a meaningful concept that was considered on purpose. The study clarified that the main directions designed in the Safavid period remained in today’s landscape and kept the traces of original urban planning. This evidence showed the structural relationship between the gardens and the city and their revolution over time, based on the irrigation system. Regarding this study, we can trace the original Safavid urban structure in the current situation by following the different irrigation systems through time and their impacts on the urban structure. The Safavid irrigation system clearly had been designed after their gardens and shows a well-planned modular network against an organic unsymmetrical-shaped structure that developed after the Safavid era.

Neo-urbanism has been formed as a new approach to urban designing and planning in criticism of contemporary urban planning, which has a scattered, inhuman, machine-like pattern urban regeneration is the concept of revitalization and urban renewal and is a subject with physical and non-physical dimensions that also includes social and cultural dimensions. Therefore, in urban regeneration and endogenous development of worn-out textures, the effort is to create balance and harmony between the foundations of social life in these textures by using people's social dynamics and their participation. This research aims to formulate a regeneration model based on socio-cultural dimensions and indicators in neo-urbanism. The research method in this research is based on the fundamental-developmental goal and based on the nature of descriptive-analytical methods. The required information has been collected using the library resources of scientific centers such as universities, organizations, institutes, and research centers, the Internet, the results of censuses and official information of relevant departments and organizations, field investigations and questionnaire data, and interviews with people and local officials and observation according to the dominant theory of neo-urbanism. This research calculates information resources using the SWOT table method, content analysis, and SPSS software through Cochran's formula. In the current research, three social-cultural, physical-infrastructural, and economic-institutional dimensions and their indicators were identified in the reconstruction of worn-out fabric with the perspective of urban renewal based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that Isfahan Region 7 is in an unfavorable situation in terms of the indicators of the effect of the residents of the neighborhoods on the growth and improvement of the desirable quality of life, the suitable security of the neighborhoods for the movement of citizens in a stable condition, and the index of the relationship between the citizens and the residents of the neighborhoods with local institutions (such as municipalities). As a result, social participation is one of the factors in realizing urban regeneration. This category in the current research has been taken into consideration by the research experts in the index (low level of social participation at the neighborhood level), which shows that the research results are aligned with the previous research.