نشریه پژوهش در تغذیه ورزشی
پیاپی 1 (بهار 1401)

The aim was to investigate the impact of aerobic training with and without vitamin D supplementation on hunger rate and serum ghrelin and insulin in middle agead females with metablic syndrome.

fourty one subjects (age: 53.19 ± 4.4 yrs, BMI: 32.68 ± 4.45 kg/m2) were randomized into Aerobic Training+Placebo, Aerobic Training+Vitamin D, Vitamin D and Placebo groups. Vitamin D was consumed 50000 units/week in a double blind order for eight weeks and aerobic training program was conducted 50 to 60 min/session, three sessions/week at 50 to 60% of MHR. One-way ANOVA, two-way factorial ANOVA for repeated measurements and paired samples t test were used to analyze the data.

both of aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation could decrese all of the metabolic risk factors and insulin level (p<0.05), however; pervceived hunger rate and blood ghrelin had no changes throughout the intervention period (p>0.05). More decreases were noted for waiste circumference and also blood glucose with Aerobic Training+ Vitamin D supplementation compared to vitamne D alone(p<0.05).

Aerobic Training and Vitamin D supplementation are safe and efficient in improving cardiometabolic health, however; addition of Vitamin D to the training program has more benefits for weight loss and blood control which makes it as a good prescription for patient with metabolic syndrome.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β during an acute bout of resistance exercise (RE) in young resistance trained men. Ten resistance-trained men in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover study, were administered a 7-day HMB supplementation (3×1 g.d-1 of HMB) and placebo (3×1 g.d-1 of Maltodextrin) with a 7 days washout period. After supplementation periods, subjects performed three sets of bench press, lat pull down, leg extension, leg curl, biceps curl, triceps curl and shoulder press to failure with 85% of one repetition to maximum (1RM). Blood samples were obtained before- (Pre), immediately post- (IP) and 1 hour-post RE (1h P) to assess serum concentrations of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1. The data were analyzed using 2 (treatment: HMB and PL) × 3 (time points: Pre, IP and 1hP) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test with a significant level of p<0.05. Serum IL-4 was significantly higher at IP resistance exercise in HMB compared to placebo. Circulating IL-4 and TGF-β1 were significantly raised at IP compared to Pre in both HMB and placebo treatments. No significant differences between treatments were observed for IL-10 and TGF-β1at any time points. In conclusion, HMB supplementation increased the circulating level of IL-4 during RE in resistance-trained men, which may attenuate inflammation and facilitate adaptation to RE.

The effect of salvia officinalis (Sage) extract on levels of p53 and creatine kinase (CK) after eccentric exercise is unclear.

In the present study, the effect of salvia officinalis extract on serum levels of p53 and CK after a downhill running was investigated

14 healthy men (age, 24.4±3.5 yr; body mass index, 22.46±1.5 kg/m2) were randomly placed in two conditions of sage and placebo. Subjects took 500 mg capsules of sage extract (two daily) or placebo for two weeks. After 14 days, subjects performed downhill running at 12% downhill grade at about 70% of the maximum heart rate until volitional exhaustion (30 minutes). Blood sampling was performed before and immediately after the running workout for the measurement of the serum p53 and CK concentrations.

The results showed that in the sage condition, the changes in p53 levels in the before exercise compared to the after running were not statistically significant (p = 0.14). In the placebo condition, p53 levels in the post- running increased significantly compared to the pre- running (p = 0.001). Also, CK levels in the post-running only in the placebo condition increased significantly compared to the pre- running (p = 0.007).

The findings of the present study showed that downhill running as eccentric contraction may lead to cell apoptosis and muscle damage by increasing p53 and CK levels, but short-term sage supplementation is likely inhibits increased apoptosis and muscle damage marker in serum induced by acute exercise.

After an eccentric resistance exercise, athletes experience some degree of muscle soreness such as delayed muscle soreness. Following this damage, inflammatory factors are released into the bloodstream. The aim of current study was to find out the effect of ZMA supplementation on inflammatory factors of muscle injury (CK and LDH) following a bout of eccentric resistance exercise in non-athlete women. For this purpose, young and healthy women aged 18 to 28 years with a body mass index of 20 to 25 were used. Individuals were randomly divided into three groups of ten, including: 1- eccentric resistance exercise and ZMA supplementation, 2- eccentric resistance exercise and placebo, and 3- eccentric resistance exercise without supplementation and placebo. All three groups participated in an eccentric resistance exercise (lying leg curl muscles training hamstring yo-life supreme) the day before the test. Individuals underwent group-specific supplementation for two weeks. Then, the groups participated in the same eccentric resistance exercise as before. Blood samples were collected before and after physical activity and CK and LDH levels were assessed. The results showed that CK and LDH levels increased after eccentric resistance exercise in each group, although it was not significant for all studied groups and no significant difference was observed between the three groups after supplementation (P> 0.05). Eccentric resistance exercise seems to increase muscle injury as an indicator of muscle contusion in non-athlete women, and 14 days of supplementation with ZMA does not significantly reduce muscle injury.

In recent years, the use of carbohydrates to improve athletic performance among sports communities has attracted the attention of researchers. Maintaining carbohydrate stores is essential for strenuous or prolonged physical activity. Therefore, based on nutritional guidelines, it has been determined that carbohydrates should be consumed in liquid form, considering the intensity and duration of sports activities. Therefore, by reviewing previous articles, the present study offers suggestions for consuming carbohydrates during sports competitions.

To review articles from search engines Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, Google Scholar and SID, articles from 1990 to 2020 were searched and entered using related keywords. In addition, the sources of the extracted articles were searched manually.

Loading carbohydrates per kilogram of body weight before exercise can improve performance. It seems that for physical activity, less than 1 hour, 15 to 60 grams of carbohydrates per kilogram of body weight, and physical activity, more than 2 hours, 30 to 60 grams of carbohydrates per kilogram of body weight.

Finally, in this study, it was found that carbohydrate strategies are very useful during competition, but it is recommended to consume carbohydrates in accordance with individual principles and the nature of sports competition.

The aim of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of saffron extract supplementation with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on serum levels of stress-inflammatory markers in obese women with type 2 diabetes. Thirty-two obese women with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into 4 intervention groups: supplement, HIIT +Supplement, placebo and placebo+ HIIT. The anthropometric and blood characteristics of subjects were evaluated in pre-test and post-test. The method of supplementation was that the supplement group received 100 mg of saffron extract daily. The subjects in the training group also did running on the treadmill in 4 bouts with intensity of 85 to 95% of the maximum heart rate along with 4 periods of active rest at the intensity of 50 to 60% of the maximum heart rate. Data analysis showed that the effect of time was a significant decrease in serum levels of IL-6, NT-proBNP and GDF-15 in the supplement, supplement+ HIIT and placebo+ HIIT groups (P≤0.05). The results of time × group interaction also showed a significant difference between the groups (P≤0.05). So that the decrease in the levels of stress-inflammatory markers in the supplement+ HIIT group had a greater decrease. According to the results, it can be reported that HIIT and saffron supplementation (combination of both) probably reduces the levels of stress-inflammatory markers such as GDF-15, NT-proBNP and IL-6 by reducing fat mass, as well as also improve glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in obese women with diabetes.