نشریه مدلسازی اقتصاد سنجی
سال هشتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 30، تابستان 1402)

Inflation is one of the consequences and costs of economic populism. Since symbols of populism have appeared in Iran in recent decades,two goals have been pursued in this research. First, based on the literature on populism, economic populism and oil populism, 8 incides for oil populism have been proposed. The results of the calculations of the 8 incides for Iran during the period of 19978-2018 show that for the period of the ninth and tenth governments, the years 2005-2013, these 8 indicators have the highest values. To calculate a single index of oil populism, the geometric mean of 8 suggested indices was calculated during the mentioned period and it was found that this index has the highest value in 2009 compared to the length of the studied period. After clarifying this matter, the synthetic control method has been used to evaluate the populist policies in Iran on the inflation process during the period of 2005-2013. Iran was selected as the country under treatment or policy and 10 oil exporting country as the control group. The results of the research show that the real and simulated trends of Iran's inflation rate from 2005 onwards have a significant difference.. ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬ ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

One of the most important goals of economic policymakers in every country is to achieve high economic growth. For this purpose, this study aims to identify the most important variables affecting Iran's economic growth in the period of 1981 - 2021 using the dynamic averaging model. The results showed that in Iran's economy, the variables of current government expenditures, tax revenues, income inequality, household consumption expenditures, and domestic investment are the most important variables affecting economic growth. Also, the results showed that the manner and probability of these variables influencing economic growth over time are not constant and are subject to exogenous impulses such as revolution, war, oil price shocks, applied economic policies, structural changes, and sanctions. The results showed that in Iran's economy, the variables of current government expenditures, tax revenues, income inequality, household consumption expenditures, and domestic investment are the most important variables affecting economic growth respectively.

The significant share of loans in the asset portfolio of banks has turned credit risk into one of the most important risks in the banking industry. Considering the difference in the structure, profit motive and risk management in different banks, the purpose of this research is to compare the factors affecting Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) as an indicator of credit risk in different banking groups. For this purpose, the relationship between Non-Performing Loans and explanatory variables (macroeconomic factors and bank-specific factors) was estimated for different banking groups by using the generalized method of moments (GMM) of dynamic panel data for the annual data of 1385-1400. Based on the results, bank-specific factors have a more effective role in increasing the non-performing loans of banks (especially state-owned banks) than macroeconomic factors, which is due to mechanisms that lack efficiency and effectiveness in the processes of granting credit and collecting bank claims; In addition, the influence of these factors is different in different banking groups.

The effect of natural resources abundance on the economic performance of resource-rich countries shows different results. In this regard, the results of some studies justify the resource curse phenomenon in rich countries based on the Dutch disease and the political economy of the resource curse hypothesis. In this paper, the role of oil rent (% of GDP) on the employment of agricultural in Iran by the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method has been examined during the 1345-1400 period. The results of model estimation show that the oil rent has a negative and significant effect on the agricultural sector employment, whereby the increase in the natural resources rent has harmed the employment of agricultural sector, and it has not been blessing for this sector. It supports the existence of Dutch disease and the political economy of recourse curse hypothesis in the agricultural sector in Iran.

The increasing complexity of the global oil trade significantly affects the energy strategy and economic development of countries, particularly those that export oil, such as Iran. This paper analyzes the general characteristics, regional features, and strength of the oil trade using network theory for 178 countries in 2018. The results show that the oil export network has a free-scale distribution, which means that the commercial position of countries displays significant heterogeneity. Additionally, the global oil trade network has a "robust yet fragile" characteristic. The global oil trade network can be divided into three commercial blocks, including the central and eastern commercial block, the middle commercial block, and the western commercial block. Among these three commercial blocs, the central and eastern bloc can supply the highest amount of demand from the countries present in this bloc. Consequently, these countries receive the lowest oil supply impulses.

This research is carried out to the GARCH-MIDAS model which is used with the aim of compensating for the shortcoming of conventional GARCH models; i.e., relying on symmetry in data frequency. Therefore, the advantage of GARCH-MIDAS model to GARCH models and of course other time series models is the combination of data that have different frequencies. For this purpose, stock returns are modeled based on a combination of daily and weekly volatility. Besides, the Quantile model is also one of the new models that focuses on the entire distribution instead of different frequencies, thereby does regression based on the distribution of the entire data and is not based on the characteristic of the normal distribution. The problem of the current research was formed from this difference between Garch-Midas and Quantile model, and the organization of the research was formed based on it. After describing the problem and assumptions in the first chapter, a review of the theoretical and empirical literature of the research was carried out, and in the third and fourth chapters, the research model, its description and regression were estimated. The findings of the research showed that the Garch-Midas model has a better fit than the quantile model and has a better modeling and forecast capability for the fluctuation in stock returns.