Journal of Nanoanalysis
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Apr 2015

Porphyrins molecules are gaining importance in the present era. Porphyrins are important part of biological molecules like hemoglobin and chlorophyll .Photo system 1 and photo system 2 is important sunlight trap in chloroplast. Electron transport chain is a series of chemical reaction in which energy is formed in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate).The members of electron transport chains are cytochrome 450 which are Porphyrins like molecules. Porphyrins are important part of solar cells, apart from above mentioned application; Porphyrins have special importance in the photodynamic therapy. This therapy has special role in the treatment of acne; psoriasis .Photodynamic therapy has successfully treated various kinds of malignant cells and has special role to treat cancers. The present thesis addresses the formation of tetra phenyl porph1yrins through Adler and Ruthmend synthesis .This is the common chemical reaction which can be obtained in the university laboratories.  The tetra phenylporphyrin, developed from above mentioned method were converted into metal complexes. Four metals iron, cobalt, copper and nickel have chosen in the form of their chlorides and acetates. Porphyrin synthesis is a challenging approach as it contains various forms of impurities and it is very difficult to analysis the complex formation.  The present paper contains different Porphyrins metal complexes which have been developed and the formations of complexes were confirmed through IHNMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) analysis which is the strongest tool in the modern chemistry. The formation of complexes can be further confirmed by infra-red spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy was also conducted and all the analysis confirmed the formation of tetra phenylporphyrin and its metal complexes.

Green chemistry is an alternative route of which has overcome the limitations of other chemical methods. Nanocrystalline zinc oxide (NC-ZnO) with different structures have been grown on quartz plates by spin coating method by the use of plant extracts of Citrus aurantifolia which can be a cost effective and eco-friendly approach.. The present exploration describes the synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles thin films were characterized by XRD, SEM and AFM and Raman techniques to reveal their structural, morphological and optical details.

In this workN2,N6-di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide (DPD), was synthesized via reaction of 2-aminothiazole and 2,6- pyridinedicarboxylic acid in n-methylpyrrolidine. The obtained (DPD) was characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Finally, a novel magnetic nanoadsorbent was synthesized by modification the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles by N2,N6-di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide. The prepared magnetic nanoadsorbent was successfully used for removal of Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions from industrial wastes and the effects of the affecting parameters such as pH, possible interfering ions, contact time, concentration of target ions, background electrolytes and temperature were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacities of Zn2+ and Cd2+ were found to be 149.2 and 112.4 mg g−1, respectively. The required times for quantitative removal of Zn2+ and Cd2+ were 30 and 45 min, respectively. Appropriate characteristics of the proposed nanoadsorbent such as high adsorption capacity, stability, reusability, easy synthesis and easy separation, make it suitable adsorbent for practical removal of Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions  from industrial wastes.

Synthesis and applications of nanomaterials has been an interesting area of nanotechnology since last decade. Several physico-chemical methods have been used to synthesize the nanoparticles of noble metals. Numerous other methodologies are also in practice including the laser ablation, aerosol technologies, lithography, and ultraviolet irradiation.  However, traditional methods are less preferred because they remain costly and involve the use of hazardous chemicals.  Biological routes of synthesizing metal nanoparticles via microbes is gaining much attention due to their low toxicity, biocompatibility and eco-friendly nature.  The development of reliable, eco-friendly, sustainable processes for the synthesis of nanoparticles with precise shapes, sizes and dispersity is a progressive area of nano-biotechnology. Despite the higher stability of biogenic nanoparticles there is still need to optimize the synthesis rate and other factors affecting the synthesis process. Microbial synthesis of silver, gold, platinum, titania, zirconia, magnetite nanoparticles and quantum dots has been described successfully. However molecular mechanisms that mediates the synthesis of nanoparticles should be elucidated further to improve the properties of nanoscale materials and production rate. Due to the rich biodiversity of microbes, their potential as a useful source for the production of nanoparticle is yet to be fully explored. The present review emphases the current status of potential microbial sources for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles.