Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences
Volume:10 Issue: 3, Jul -Sep 2023

 Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a major concern in women's health. It is hypothesized that a deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins might result in POI; however, this relationship has not been extensively evaluated.

 This systematic review was designed to elucidate the relationship between fat-soluble vitamin serum levels and POI.

 This systematic review was conducted on international databases, including Scopus, National Library of Medicine (PubMed), and Web of Science (ISI) databases, along with Google Scholar, until June 2022. This review was conducted on case reports, case series, cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies (observational studies) published in English and Persian in peer-reviewed journals that assessed the association between serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins and POI.

 Of the 10,029 retrieved articles, 5 (N = 3,443 subjects) were included in the review. The results of the reviewed articles were inconsistent in terms of the relationship between serum vitamin D and A levels and POI; however, vitamin D binding protein and vitamin A/total cholesterol ratio might be related to POI. Serum vitamin E was associated with POI based on the findings of one study.

 This review showed that the serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins might predict POI. However, there was an insufficient number of studies to document the findings. If approved in further studies, these vitamins and their binding proteins can be evaluated in high-risk POI patients.

Context: 

Menorrhagia is an important healthcare challenge. Complementary and alternative medicine therapies are strategies with potential positive effects on menorrhagia.

 The aim of this study was to systematically assess the effects of herbal products on menorrhagia.

 This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Barekat Gostar, Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, and IranDoc international and Iranian databases, in addition to the Google Scholar search engine, were searched without any time or language limitation (updated until 02.07.2022). Eligible studies were combined through the random-effects model based on their sample sizes, mean scores, and standard deviations. Data analysis was performed at a significance level of less than 0.05 using STATA software (version 14.0).

 Nineteen trials on 1715 women (856 and 859 subjects in the control and intervention groups, respectively) were reviewed. After the intervention, menstrual bleeding severity in the first, second, and third cycles (P < 0.001) and the number of menstrual days in the first (P < 0.001), second (P < 0.001), and third (P = 0.487) menstrual cycles significantly decreased in the herbal products group. There were no significant between-group differences regarding the bleeding severity at the pretest (P < 0.001) and in the third cycle (P < 0.001) and the number of menstrual days at the pretest (P = 0.131) and in the second (P < 0.001) and third cycles (P = 0.014). However, the bleeding severity in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group in the first (P < 0.001) and second cycles (P < 0.001), and the number of menstrual days in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group in the first cycle (P = 0.004).

 Herbal products are effective in significantly reducing bleeding severity and the number of menstrual days among women with menorrhagia, and their effects reduce over time.

 As a prevalent phenomenon in the world, it’s required to view substance abuse as one of the most prominent social problems. Substance abuse, especially by the youth, imposes huge costs on society. The relevant misconceptions include immature mindsets held by individuals who conflict with the currently accepted concepts and empirical findings. Unfortunately, the common misconceptions about this phenomenon are so abundant that the majority of individuals, even the educated ones, are unfamiliar with its meaning and concept as a phenomenon. Thus, a valid and reliable tool is required to examine the common types of such misconceptions.

 This study pursued the goal of designing an inventory of the common types of misconceptions among university students about substance abuse.

 Using a two-stage approach, the present research study was conducted in 2019 in Iran. The first stage involved conducting individual interviews with 10 students who were substance abusers, as well as reviewing the relevant literature to generate the study items. The second stage consisted of a quantitative evaluation of the instrument, which included assessing the face validity (both qualitatively and quantitatively), content validity (both qualitatively and quantitatively, as calculated by content validity index (CVI), and content validity ratio (CVR)). The construct validity was examined by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with two 375 samples for each of them and its reliability.

 From the first phase and literature review, 71 items were codified. Five items were removed from surveying the qualitative and quantitative face validity; besides, due to a CVR of less than 0.49, 24 items were excluded, and also because of the CVI, less than 0.78, 12 items were deleted. Overall, a 30-item scale remained. Via the exploratory factor analysis, three factors, including 16 items and 40.86% of the total variance, were extracted. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were greater than 0.7 for all factors and 0.8, respectively.

 The designed inventory revealed desirable psychometric properties and the necessary validity to investigate and evaluate the common types of misconceptions regarding substance abuse among the students of medical sciences.

 Self-care can include the activities that individuals perform in accordance with their needs to maintain and promote their health. Puberty is the most important change that comes with adolescence, which necessitates adolescents to become aware of their sexual and reproductive health.

 The objective of the present study was to investigate the predictors of adolescent females’ sexual and reproductive self-care status.

 This cross-sectional study using random multistage sampling was conducted on adolescent females aged 14 - 19 years in the secondary schools of Karaj, Iran, in 2022. A total of 555 female students voluntarily completed the survey. The survey included the Female Adolescents’ Sexual and Reproductive Self-care Scale (FASRSCS). Pearson’s correlation coefficient and univariable and multivariable linear regression were applied.

 The mean score of the FASRSCS was 65.42 out of 100 (standard deviation (SD) = 10.27). The highest mean score was acquired on the Perception of Female Adolescents of Premarital Sexual Relationships subscale (85.98 (SD = 14.28)), and the lowest mean score was acquired on the Reproductive and Sexual Health Knowledge subscale (36.97 (SD = 23.58)). The total score on the FASRSCS had the strongest association with the Adolescents and Family Interaction subscale (r = 0.71, P < 0.001), and the weakest association was with the Reproductive and Sexual Health Knowledge subscale (r = 0.38, P < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that having very strong religious beliefs (β = 0.23, P < 0.001), receiving information regarding puberty and menstrual health from peers (β = -0.20, P < 0.001), and cold parent-child relationship (β = -0.19, P < 0.001) were independent significant predictors of good sexual and reproductive self-care among adolescent females.

 Given the importance of religious beliefs, parent-adolescent relationships, and the sources through which adolescents receive information regarding their sexual and reproductive health self-care, it is necessary to appropriate design interventions, including the aforementioned factors, in order to optimize and promote good sexual and reproductive health among female Iranian adolescents.

 Respiratory complications are prevalent in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Breathing exercises are efficient and cost-effective techniques to eliminate this problem.

 This study investigated the effect of simultaneous breathing exercises on patients' respiratory condition after CABG surgery.

 In a randomized controlled clinical trial, 52 CABG candidates were allocated to two intervention and control groups. The control group received routine breathing exercises (incentive spirometry and vibration). Besides routine exercises, the intervention group performed exercises such as pursed-lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, incentive spirometry, and effective coughing for three days after the surgery. The incidence of atelectasis, oxygen saturation, lung auscultation, and the patients' satisfaction with the respiratory function was measured and recorded before and after the surgery in both groups. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 at a significance level of < 0.05.

 The patients' mean age was 60.9 ± 9.5 years, and 26 (51%) were male. There was no significant difference between the patients in underlying parameters. None of the patients in the two groups had atelectasis before the surgery. However, four days after the surgery, 40% of the patients in the control group and 23% of those in the intervention group suffered from atelectasis complications. The visual analog scale (VAS) score increased after surgery in the intervention group, although the difference was insignificant. Moreover, the arterial oxygen saturation percentage and breathing rate increased in the intervention group. No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding crackles at different hours after surgery, although they were relatively less in the intervention group.

 Breathing exercises, especially combined breathing exercises, improve respiratory function after open heart surgery.

 Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery have moderate to poor treatment adherence. These patients should benefit from simple, feedback-centered educational methods that produce deep and sustainable learning to improve their treatment adherence.

 The present study was conducted to examine the effect of the G5 training program on treatment adherence in patients undergoing CABG.

 A quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest study was conducted on patients undergoing CABG visiting Rouhani Hospital, cardiology clinics, and cardiology physicians' offices in Babol, Iran. The participants were selected by convenience sampling, and those who met the study inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 37) or a control group (n = 37). Patients in the intervention group received a G5 training program (i.e., bags containing flashcards with questions and answers on lifestyle after surgery) and a 30-minute face-to-face, daily training session. The control group received 30 minutes of daily self-care instruction from a cardiac surgery nurse. A demographic and clinical data checklist and Modanloo's Adherence to Treatment Questionnaire (MATQ) were used to collect data before, one month, and two months after the intervention.

 Most participants in the intervention and control groups were male (64.9% and 56.8%, respectively). The mean baseline treatment adherence score was 119.59 ± 7.82 in the intervention group, which changed to 152.62 ± 8.44 and 151.43 ± 8.65 one and two months after the intervention, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean baseline treatment adherence score was 120.35 ± 8.76 in the control group, which did not change significantly during the study (117.67 ± 6.28 and 116.97 ± 6.67 one and two months after the intervention, respectively). Repeated-measures analysis showed that the intervention significantly increased the mean treatment adherence score in the intervention group over time (P = 0.001). Female patients, patients with academic education, and urban patients scored higher on the query about the treatment, commitment to treatment, and sticking to treatment subscales, respectively.

 Education using the G5 method effectively improved treatment adherence of patients undergoing CABG. Nurses are suggested to follow up with patients, check their treatment adherence, and implement simple and low-cost educational methods, such as the G5 method, to improve patients' adherence to treatment.

 The Perceived Access to Health Care Questionnaire (PAHCQ) is the latest specific tool used to evaluate patients' accessibility to the health system.

 This study aimed to translate and verify the item analysis, test-retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, and known-group analysis of the PAHCQ in a Chinese population.

 This study developed and validated the Chinese version of the PAHCQ. The translation of the PAHCQ was based on the back translation of Brislin. This study used simple random sampling to include a sample of 591 subjects in Jiangsu, China. Item analysis was used to verify the questionnaire's expert consistency and cultural adaptation. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the structure. Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach's α, and item validity and test-retest reliability were analyzed.

 The CFA results indicated that the modified PAHCQ is reasonable. The Cronbach alpha value of the PAHCQ was 0.96. The correlation coefficients for the six domains in test-retest reliability were between 0.67 and 0.91. Comparison of the total PAHCQ scores among participants in different groups of age, gender, maternal status, education level, per capita monthly income, and CCI levels showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).

 The Chinese version of the PAHCQ is a feasible, effective, and reliable tool that can be used to evaluate Chinese patients' perception of health system accessibility.

 Safe nursing care and professional commitment are known as two important components influencing the nursing service quality.

 The present study aimed to assess the relationship between safe nursing care and nurses’ professional commitment.

 In the present cross-sectional correlational research, 263 nurses were selected from the intensive care unit/cardiac care unit (ICU/CCU), internal, surgery, pediatrics, gynecology and obstetrics, oncology, burn, orthopedics, infectious, and neurology wards of educational-therapeutic hospitals affiliated with Qazvin University of Medical Sciences by quota sampling method between May 2022 and September 2022. Data collection was performed using the nurses’ professional commitment scale (NPCS) and the assessment of safe nursing care (ASNC) questionnaire. Nurses were selected using a convenience sampling method. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests (t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)) by SPSS software version 16.

 The mean scores of nurses’ professional commitment and safe nursing care were 86.16 ± 4.92 and 134.57 ± 16.15, respectively. Pearson’s correlation test showed a significant relationship between nurses’ professional commitment and safe nursing care (r = 0.345, P ≤ 0.001). Also, the test results indicated that the level of nurses’ professional commitment varied among individuals with different employment types (P = 0.008).

 According to this study, safe nursing care and nurses’ professional commitment are two important components influencing each other. Therefore, these results have important implications for policymakers and healthcare systems involved in promoting the level of safe nursing care and nurses’ professional commitment.

 Trachelectomy, a conservative surgery in the early stages of cervical cancer, allows young women to keep their fertility. Infertility after such a surgery is frequent, and many couples should opt for assisted reproduction.

 This case report aims to present a successful pregnancy in a woman with a history of cervical cancer and complete removal of the uterine cervix through trachelectomy.

 A successful pregnancy is described after two failed attempts of embryo transfer (ET) in a 32-year-old woman with a history of trachelectomy due to stage IA invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Before and after radical trachelectomy, she received adjuvant chemotherapy. In her second course of in-vitro fertilization, after a mock transfer at the time of ovum pickup with 11 oocytes and 7-day 3 embryos, her third ET cycle under ultrasound guide was successful. During pregnancy, in the first-trimester screening, nuchal translucency was reported to be 4.5 mm. Therefore, chorionic villous sampling and comparative genomic hybridization CGH-Array were performed before preparing for abdominal cerclage at 14 weeks. Further screening tests were normal. Finally, she delivered a 2430 g healthy baby girl through cesarean section at 37 weeks.

 The mock transfer and ultrasound-guided ET are suggested for women with a history of trachelectomy.