International Journal of Biomedicine and Public Health
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Summer 2020

The present study attempted to investigate the key pathways and genes which are associated with hypoxia in the human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231 with searched in gene expression omnibus (GEO) database for mRNA microarray data of MDA-MB-231 in normal and hypoxia condition. Three GEO datasets GSE37340, GSE39042, and GSE42416 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database that these GEO profiles have of 9 cell lines in hypoxia condition and eight cell lines in normal condition. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between MDA-MB-231 cell line in hypoxia and normal condition were analyzed by Geo2R software. Next, all the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with p<0.05 and fold change ≥1 or ≤-1 was identified. Among all the differentially expressed genes, only 32 genes were at least in two datasets (31 up regulated and 1 down regulated) after gene integration. Moreover, DEGs ontology terms, Kyoto Encyclopedia and Genomes pathways were analyzed using EnrichR database. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING and MCODE software. Finally, the survival analyses performed with Kaplan Meier-plotter (KM) online dataset. Thirty-two genes were found to be at least two datasets (i.e., SLC2A3, BNIP3, ENO2, PFKFB3, PLOD2, SLC2A1, HK2, ADM, etc.) that two genes among up regulated genes (HK2, ADM) were expressed in all three datasets. These identified genes and pathways could help to understand the mechanism of development of (Triple-negative breast cancer) TNBC under hypoxia condition. Also HK2, ADM, CENP family, might be promising targets for the TNBC treatment.

Although maternal health in India has generally improved over the past two decades, the current Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) implies that India’s MMR is approximately 2.4 times higher than the set target in MDG-5. The study fills the gap by looking at women from the rural and urban areas with varying demographic and other socioeconomic attributes to find out their effect on Maternal and Child Health (MCH) service utilization in Maharashtra. Using data from the District Level Household Survey 2007-08, study attempt to investigate the rural-urban differences in maternal health care service utilization in Maharashtra, India. This study use data from District Level Household Survey –conducted in 2007-08. The analysis carried out among ever-married women aged 15-49 years were interview from each districts of Maharashtra. Bivariate method used to fulfill the above objective. The result presented in the study shows that there is a huge gap in the utilization of maternal health services in the urban and rural areas of Maharashtra. Women’s education through the media is more effective in the urban areas than in the rural areas, and wealth remains an issue particularly in the rural areas.  A sustained and focused Information Education and Communication campaign to improve the awareness amongst the community on MCH will help in improving the quality, accessibility, and utilization of maternal health care services provided by the government agencies in both rural and urban areas of Maharashtra, India

India accounts for 20% of global preventable pregnancy-related deaths, which can be averted through a proper continuum of care (CoC). The paper aims at identifying the association between previous experiences of child death on the CoC for the recent child. The study is based on DLHS-4 (2012-13), which includes 89,696 women who had delivered at least two births during the last five years. Bivariate and multivariate techniques were used to analyze the data. More than 11% of women who did not experience child loss and about 14% of women with child loss did not receive any of the three services, namely prenatal care, institutional delivery, and postnatal care. About 12% of women with an experience of child loss had completed the entire CoC compared to only 10% of those without child loss. Women who had experienced child loss were more likely to opt for the CoC than women who did not have a previous history of child loss. This reflects that women might have become more conscious and would not want to suffer a child loss again. This paper aims to discern possible solutions such as educating women on the importance of the continuum of care by health workers through increased capacity building, community participation, effective health education and communication, use of mHealth, etc.

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is one indicator that shows the success of the maternal health program. Efforts to reduce maternal mortality rates need to be supported by an increase in family planning participation coverage. Unmet Need for Family Planning in Yogyakarta was 15.14%, the data is still far from the Indonesian National Population and Family Planning Board target to reduce the number of unmet needs in 2019 of 9.91%. This study aimed to analyze enabling factors that contribute to traditional contraception in Yogyakarta using the L.Green Theory approach. The enabling factor analyzed were family income, availability of contraception information, availability of contraception service, ownership of health assurance. Quantitative research used a cross-sectional approach, conducted on a three district in Yogyakarta city. Respondents of this research were 147 fertile ages women selected by cluster sampling. Multivariable analysis was carried out using logistic regression. Based on a logistic regression test, the enabling factor that statistically significant contributes to the use of traditional contraception was the availability of contraception information with POR=15.94. Fertile aged women do not get family planning information 15.94 times as likely to use traditional contraception than fertile aged women who get family planning information. Promotion for modern contraception used to the women and her family through counseling on health care facilities or mass media was needed.

Outbreak of novel disease COVID-19 led to rapid and instantaneous spread of information internationally through the growing popular use of internet and social media. Infodemic leads to stress-related health effects like headache, sleeplessness, anxiety. Our study was conducted to assess the perceived information overload related to COVID-19, its associated factors and its effects among medical students of a medical college. A cross sectional analytical study was conducted in a medical college in Delhi among the 240 medical undergraduates during March-April 2020. The data related to perceived information overload, socio-demographic details, platforms in which Infodemic is felt and health and academic effects of Infodemic were collected using semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. Data was collected in EpiCollect and analysed using STATA statistical software version 14. A p value less than 0.05 is considered significant. Out of 240 students included in the study, 68.3% (95% CI:61.9-74.1) perceived the presence of Infodemic. Female gender (OR=3.9, 95%CI:2.1-7.3) and upper socio-economic status (OR=14.2, 95%CI: 4.4-45.2) were significantly associated with the perceived presence of Infodemic. Television (73.1%) was the most common platform in which Infodemic is perceived followed by WhatsApp (53.6%). Stress related health effects were there in 84(51.2%) students and Infodemic had affected the academic learning processes in 104(63.4%) students.   In conclusion, our study observed that Infodemic was perceived in two third of the study participants with television and WhatsApp being the most common platforms. Half of the students who perceived Infodemic had stress-related health effects and two third of them reported that Infodemic affected their learning processes.

Fetuin-A is a glycoprotein that is synthesized by liver cells. Studies have shown that this hepatokine is linked to various metabolic disturbances such as obesity, and diabetes. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the role of fetuin-A in the pathogenesis of metabolic disturbances.

The present study was a review article. The terms of “fetuin-A”, “diabetes”, “obesity”, “chronic kidney disease (CKD)”, “cardiovascular disease (CVD)”, “non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)”, “cancer”, “bone metabolic diseases” and “metabolic disease” were used for searching of research papers in databases including Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar. The literature search was limited to papers published up to November 2019.

Fetuin-A could be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, CKD, CVD, cancer, bone metabolic diseases, and NAFLD through various signaling pathways.

The results of the current study showed that fetuin-A could be involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic disease. However, the study on these findings needs further research and a better understanding of these pathomechanism communications, which can be promising and helpful in preventing and better targeting metabolic disorders.