نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز
سال دوازدهم شماره 3 (تابستان 1402)

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common bacterial infections of childhood. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains, with the ability to successfully colonize the urinary tract, are recognized as the main cause of UTI. The aim of this study is to investigate UPEC strains in children with UTI in Karaj city during 1400-1401.

In current study, 146 UPEC isolates were collected from children with UTI referred to Karaj Hospitals, Alborz province during January to August 2022. The identification of isolates as UPEC strains was confirmed using standard microbiological methods and biochemical tests. PCR method and amplification of 16SrRNA gene were used for confirmation of diagnosis. Statistical data analysis was performed with SPSS software version 23. Statistical comparison between groups was done using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.

The results showed that out of 146 children suffering from urinary tract infections caused by UPEC strains during the study period, 30 (20.5%) were male and 116 (79.5%) were female. In addition, 16 (11.0%) had underlying kidney disease and 130 (89.0%) had no underlying kidney disease.

The present study showed that urinary infection with UPEC strains constitutes more than half of the cases of UTIs in children over one-year-old in Alborz province. In addition, the infection is almost 3.9-times more in girls over one year old than in boys. Although male children with underlying kidney disease are more likely to get UTI with the UPEC strains than female children with underlying kidney disease.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most important human pathogen. Staphylococcus aureus is considered as a coagulase-producing strain and has extensive enzymatic and toxin activity. The nostrils and perineum are the major centers of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. Helicobacter pylori is the most common human infectious disease, causing gastric infections in more than 50% of people worldwide. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori carriers in restaurant staff.

The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was taken from the nasal swab and the palm of the hand to take samples and the food preparation department (restaurant kitchen) as well as the feces of 54 employees located in the active restaurant in Tehran with Gathering age, sex, history of gastrointestinal disease and previous occupation were collected. The culture medium used was Müller Hinton Agar (Merck-Germany) which was prepared according to the instructions and the discs purchased from Hi media (Himedia India) were quality controlled. DNA extraction from fecal samples was performed using Sinagen commercial kit according to the instructions provided by the kit and Multiplex PCR test was used to identify vacA, cagE, cagT, cagA and hrgA genes as well as BlaCTX-M, 16SrRNA and mecA.         

In this study, the results of antibiogram from 54 cases of coagulase positive and negative staphylococcal infections and Helicobacter pylori infection were evaluated. Percentage of resistance of each of the different isolates to antibiotics used as gentamicin 11%, amikacin 21%, oxacillin 48%, penicillin 67%, ciprofloxacin 19%, erythromycin 49%, methicillin 79%, and tetracycline 24%. Percentage of resistance of different isolates was seen.

Considering the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in people working with clinical signs of enteritis, gastric infection, it can be stated that Helicobacter pylori has an important role in causing enteritis and as a carcinogen in the studied samples. Due to the presence of bacteria that can be transmitted to others, it is necessary to identify and treat human carriers.

The progression of atherosclerosis, which is the main cause of many heart surgeries, find it far more quickly with diabetes because diabetes is the production of c-peptide that causes increased permeability is increased vascular Intimal layer regresses. On the information obtained through x-ray Angio in diabetics the Central plaque is composed of the Atrium and most of the patients with acute coronary syndrome and a heart attack. More than half of diabetics eventually suffer heart symptoms and more than 30 percent of them will eventually need surgery for the annual three million that the world's heart surgery is done when two million people suffering from diabetes and a million people suffering from diabetes and blood pressure simultaneously. Increase insulin Hyperglycemia omghaomet mortality and respiratory cardiac arrest in all diabetic patients.

A descriptive cross-sectional study : the patient's transplant surgery under the oriented 200 coronary artery disease from the time of admission to the special care unit until a clearance incidence of clinical implications of blood sugar with a glucose infusion and sc in two ways. And in terms of glycemic control and alertness and infection after arterial blood gas changes and acid and Ventilator device for connection to the death, and stay in the special section in the control of blood sugar with plows and postoperative infusion about comparisons and reviews. The information in the check-list was collected by a registered researcher. And using the analytical and descriptive statistics and SPSS software version 15 analysis.

in this study, the relationship between significant statistically the pattern was not observed in patients prescribed on this first hypothesis verification research because it was near the average of the blood sugar in the group a significant correlation between Hypokalemia. And acidosand longterm icu unit a with blood sugar was seen striking the infusion group., and the first to accept the significant relationship between the blood sugar and Intubation more than 24 hours and bolous was seen,..

Considering the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in people working with clinical signs of enteritis, gastric infection, it can be stated that Helicobacter pylori has an important role in causing enteritis and as a carcinogen in the studied samples. Due to the presence of bacteria that can be transmitted to others, it is necessary to identify and treat human carriers.

Patient’ satisfaction is one of the most important indicators of the quality of dental service. This study aimed to assess the satisfaction of patients referring to the dental faculty of Alborz University of Medical Sciences in Karaj, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 258 patients who attended surgery, prosthodontics, periodontics, endodontics, restorative, and radiology departments in 2018. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Independent T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the mean satisfaction scores between sections.

The mean age of patients was 43.1±11.3 years old. Overall, 48.8% of patients were male and 51.2% were female. The satisfaction of patients was 77.7±12.8 in the pain area. The most satisfaction in the pain management area was in the prosthodontics department (90.9±7.9) and the least in the surgical department (69.8±11.5). The most satisfaction in the access area was in the surgical department (80.8±8.0) and the least in the endodontics department (71.4±10.0). Overall satisfaction was 78.5±5.6.

The result of this study showed that the satisfaction rate of patients referring to the dental faculty of Alborz University of Medical Sciences is at the optimum level. However, in some areas of treatment, there is a need for further review and research to improve the quality of health care.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram - negative bacterium and one of the most important opportunity seeker pathogens in hospital infections that are typically obtained simultaneously. This study was carried out with the aim of examining the synergistic effects of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin and extracts of Morus nigra in the control of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm.

In this study, synergistic effects of ciprofloxacin antibiotic and Morus nigra extracts were used to inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of the 10 isolates of multi drug resistant P.  aeruginosa. Disc diffusion method has been used to determine antibiotic resistance. To examine the synergistic antimicrobial activities between Morus nigra extract and ciprofloxacin, Checker titration method was used to calculate the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). The effect of Morus nigra extract, ciprofloxacin antibiotics and the combination of both of them on the expression level of pslA gene was investigated by Real time PCR.

Morus nigra extract showed antimicrobial effect against MDR P.  aeruginosa strains. The use of this extract in combination with ciprofloxacin had an additive effect on inhibition of growth of P. aeruginosa and at least 60% reduction in biofilm formation of test isolates was achieved (P˂0.05). Also, Morus nigra extract alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin antibiotic decreased the pslA gene expression levels.

The present results are promising in regard to the possibility of using Morus nigra extract to increase the effect of sinus for antibiotics infections. The use of this extract, or instead of antibiotics, may be a way of reducing the use of antibiotics, thus reducing the side effects and treatment costs of infectious diseases.

Lack of agreement in common life may sometimes results in divorce. The most important reasons of divorce were infidelity in marriage and extramarital affairs in recent years. Schadenfreude is a kind of emotion that is much seen in the married when one of the two spouses figures out the other spouse's extramarital involvement. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effect of schema therapy and meaning therapy on the level of schadenfreude in men with extramarital relations.

Materials: 

This study is of testing type with multi group pretest-posttest. The population includes all married men who consulted a psychologist in Tehran consulting office in 1399 that after the primary interview they were identify as disloyal men in their common lives. Among this 30 qualified volunteer people were randomly place in three 15-member groups including meaning therapy and emotional schema therapy and control group. Assessment tool was schadenfreude questionnaire (Smith et al 1996).

The results of data analysis indicated that schema therapy and meaning therapy play significant roles on schadenfreude reduction. On the other hand, the results of post-hoc show that in spite of a significant difference between control and test groups, no difference was report between therapeutic interventions in terms of having effect on schadenfreude.

Regarding to the results of finding's analysis, it is resulted that schema therapy and meaning therapy intervention sessions are effective in reducing schadenfreude in married men involved in extramarital relations.

Use of medicinal plants is considered as a safe and effective alternative treatment for hyperglycemia. In addition to the positive effects of exercise on diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Urtica Dioica (UD) and Swimming activity on the kidney Properties in diabetic rats

Materials: 

Adult male rats were randomly distributed in nine groups: intact control, diabetic control,diabetic + 625 mg/kg, 1.25 g/kg UD, diabetic + 100 mg/kg Metformin, diabetic + swimming, diabetic + swimming 625 mg/kg, 1.25 g/kg UD, and diabetic +100 mg/kg Metformin + swimming. Aqueous extract of  Urtica Dioica was given to rats by gavage for 4 weeks. Swim training protocol was performed for 4 weeks, 5 days per week. Blood bilirubin, albumin, creatinine and uric acid were determined. Renal tissue changes were examined in different experimental groups.

Bilirubin levels in metformin group, diabetes with swim training group, swim training with metformin group, UD extract at a dose of 1.25 g/kg group, UD extract at a dose of 625 mg/kg  group, UD extract at a dose of 1.25 g/kg with swim training group, UD extract at a dose of 625 mg/kg with swim training with diabetic control group showed a significant increase (p<0.05). Albumin, creatinine and uric acid levels compared to diabetic control group were not significantly different.

The present results show that swimming training with Urtica Dioica extract has beneficial effects on renal tissue changes in diabetic rats and these effects are dose dependent.

Today, the main strategy for the treatment of bacterial infections is the use of antibiotics, but due to side effects and increased antibiotic resistance, the use of complementary or alternative methods to treat infectious diseases has become particularly important.

Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Peganum harmala seeds were prepared by soaking method. The MIC and MBC of the extracts were determined for one strain of Streptococcus sanguinis. The synergistic effect of the produced extracts with the antibiotics ampicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin was also investigated.

The results of this study showed that aqueous extract of Peganum harmala in concentrations of 1250 and 2500 μg / ml, and alcoholic extract of this plant in concentrations of 625 and 1250 μg / ml have inhibitory and lethal effect on the studied bacteria, respectively. In the study of the phenomenon of synergism between aqueous and alcoholic extracts with the studied antibiotics, which was done by the checkerboard method, it was found that the alcoholic extract of this plant has synergistic effect with the antibiotic clindamycin.

Alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds can show a good antibacterial effect against Streptococcus sanguinis, one of the important species living in the mouth and the cause of endocarditis. Further research on the extraction and purification of effective compounds from this plant and the study of therapeutic effects or its possible side effects in the living organism, can be a step towards the use of herbal medicines as a supplement or alternative to common antibiotics.

Cadmium chloride causes  lipid dysfunction. In this study, the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Passiflora caerulea aerial parts against lipid dysfunction induced by cadmium chloride in male rats were investigated.

In this experimental study, 54 adult male wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 9. The control group, The sham group received  2 ml / distilled water as solvent. The negative control group  received 2 mg / kg cadmium chloride intraperitoneally for 21 days. Experimental 1, 2 and 3 groups: respectively, received 2 mg / kg cadmium chloride intraperitoneally for 21 days and then 150,300 and 450 mg / kg hydroalcoholic extracts of aerial parts of Passiflora caerulea intraperitoneally for 30 days. Blood samples were taken from all animals at the end of the experiment. Blood samples were taken to measure levels of HDL, LDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Data were analyzed according to SPSS18 program, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests.

The mean serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in all experimental groups compared to the negative control group showed a significant decrease. Mean serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL) concentration in experimental 2 and 3 groups  showed a significant increase compared to the negative control group (P <0.05).

The hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial parts of Passiflora caerulea probably corrects the lipid dysfunction induced by cadmium chloride in male rats.

Pulp stones and pulp sclerosis is the kind of calcification in the dental pulp for which the etiological factors influencing its formation have not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pulpal stones and pulpal sclerosis in Alborz Dental School.

This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on panoramic radiographic stereotypes of 700 patients referred to the dental school of Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2020. For this purpose, patient file information was collected and analyzed with SPSS-24 statistical software.

The prevalence of pulp stones in patients was 1.93 and in the studied teeth was 15.4%. The prevalence of pulpal sclerosis in patients was 3.3% and in teeth was 20.3%. The highest prevalence of pulpal stones is in maxillary molars and the highest prevalence of pulpal sclerosis is in mandibular molars. The prevalence of pulp in women was significantly higher than men and in the age groups of 40 to 50 years. There was no significant relationship between gender and the prevalence of pulpal sclerosis, but it was more common in the age group of 30 to 40 years than other ages.

Pulp stones and pulp sclerosis are relatively common and increase with gender and age. The high prevalence of stones and the possible common mechanisms between pulp calcification and other diseases could be the basis for designing other studies.

In the last decade, the role of human resources approach in development has been considered due to the important role of human factor in the development process. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of prioritizing the dimensions, components and empowerment indicators of midwives working in the delivery ward of educational hospitals in Tehran

The present study is quantitative, descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional. Research samples 403 people were selected using Cochran's equation from among 449 midwives working in the obstetrics department of Tehran educational and medical centers by cluster random sampling method. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was determined by Cronbach's alpha and reliability based on test-retest method and data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and descriptive statistics and Friedman test.

Comparison of mean rankings showed that among the dimensions of the highest rank with the average (3/95) to the organizational dimension, among the components the highest rank (11/82) to health and safety of the workplace and among the indicators the highest rank (33/32) in proportion to the requirements Work with beliefs, values ​​and behaviors (Pvalue<0/001).

The most important dimension of organizational empowerment is the most important component of workplace health and safety and the most important indicator of the fit between work requirements and beliefs, values ​​and behaviors.

In general, animals are an important source of alopecia for humans, both in urban and rural areas. Therefore, the issue of controlling dermatophytosis in animals is important for public health. The presence of infected epidermal shells in public places can be a potential source of infection. Given the high prevalence of dermatophytosis and considering the treatment of problems in some forms of the disease and the side effects of antifungal drugs, the need for appropriate replacement with current drugs seems essential.

Standard Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC18748 isolate and clinical isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes were used in the present study. 1% terbinafine in nano-form of terbinafine). Inoculation in guinea pigs was performed by the method described by Tagami et al. The site of daily lesion was followed for 20 days in terms of clinical symptoms.

In studies performed on lesion score average in the nano-form group, terbinafine was combined on the first day of treatment, showing a score of 3 (significant redness with large crust). And for the normal form of the drug terbinafine (group 4) shows the number 4 (ulcers and scars along with those in grade 3), the process of reducing the degree of lesions in the treatment groups of nano-drugs, occurred between 10 and 15 days. Which is accompanied by an increase in the next 5 days. And continued with a logical process until the 40th day. On day 40, all groups had a zero score except for positive control.

This study shows that nano-drugs are suitable for the treatment of dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes and in terms of the effectiveness of treatment with the usual form of drugs have a more comparable intensity and speed of recovery.

Thalassemia patients are associated with a wide range of serious psychological and clinical challenges and, like any other chronic disease, the psychological state of individuals is affected. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of act therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on life expectancy and hemoglobin levels in patients with thalassemia major.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test design, post-test with control group. A total of 75 thalassemia major patients referred to Imam Ali Hospital in Karaj who were eligible for the study were identified and randomly assigned to three groups of 25 (two intervention groups and one control group). For the first group, act therapy was performed in 8 sessions and in the second group, cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed in 8 sessions, and the control group received routine care.

Mixed analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the effect of treatment (act) and cognitive-behavioral therapy on increasing life expectancy in patients with thalassemia major (P = 0.001) was statistically significant compared to the control group. Also, the increase in mean life expectancy in act therapy was more than cognitive-behavioral therapy and was statistically significant (P <0.001). But there was no significant difference in hemoglobin level between experimental and control groups.

Considering the effectiveness of treatment (act) and cognitive-behavioral therapy on life expectancy in patients with thalassemia major, the results of this study can be used in real applications.