فصلنامه جامعه پژوهی فرهنگی
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1402)

The concept of religious identity is recently used in the social and political thought of liberal societies, and the main research question is how post-modern thinkers look at religious identity? In response, the evolution of thinking in the perception of religion and identity and the creation of the concept of religious identity in close connection with who I am and what I believe were discussed. Thinkers consider objectivity and subjectivity in cultural and social aspects of religious identity and consider indicators of affection, awareness and commitment. It is considered a process of seeing, survival, continuity and precedence of religious identity along with other social identities due to the regularity with the special coherence of religious identity, and what is the main concern of identity politics is the widespread social manifestation of religious identity, which can be called the concern of religious identity politics. known among thinkers. In criticizing the approach of post-modern thinkers, the shortcomings of functionalist views, the backward and superficial view of religious identity and the lack of examination of the nature of the social values of religions have been discussed in the research.

The present study explores the narrative put forth by the Iranian cinema about social harms during the 70s in Iran through analyzing two films in particular "Two Women" and "Under the Skin of the City." The research method of this study is of descriptive-exploratory type, seeking to offer a thick description of the phenomenon under investigation. The study draws on discourse analysis method to analyze the data. To this aim, the films under discussion were categorized into genres or linguistic functions utilizing Ruth Wodak's discourse analysis method. Within each linguistic function, we addressed and answered seven key questions based on Paul Gee's discourse analysis method. The conclusion furnishes an account of social harms depicted in the movies "Two Women" and "Under the Skin of the City" based on the context and conditions of Iranian society throughout the 1990s.The findings of this research indicate that the films from the 70s address various social issues. These issues include the confrontation of two discourses of traditional and modern, resistance of the patriarchal discourse against the discourse of enlightened women advocating for social freedoms, the existence of a class divide between the affluent and the poor in society and more.

Since the environment is the biological foundation of humans and other living beings, it is of fundamental and undeniable importance; But despite this position, global industrial and technological development, especially in the last two centuries, has caused unwanted and often unpleasant changes and environmental destruction in many parts of the world. Therefore, many governments are forced to regulate directly and indirectly in the field of environmental protection and improvement. In Iran, by applying legal regulations, the government is trying to solve environmental problems and challenges and at least prevent its destruction and erosion as a social problem; As Article 50 of the Iranian Constitution also emphasizes on environmental regulation. Using the descriptive and analytical method and with a sociological point of view, the following article examines the way of environmental regulation in the light of Article 8 and 50 of the Constitution. The findings of the current research show that by taking advantage of the capacities of the existing law, a combined approach should be adopted that takes advantage of the benefits and efficiency of other regulatory methods to compensate for the shortcomings and fill the gaps of a single approach.

Humanism, as one of the pillars of the modern era, is defined by giving originality to man and usually in opposition to God-centeredness and divine sovereignty. However, one of the important aspects in the development and expansion of the meaning of humanism is its emphasis on the re-reading of human written heritage, including in the form of religious tradition, which has become the foundation of modern human sciences, and at the same time, contrary to the conventional view, it is a reading in agreement and compatibility with religions. This somewhat unfamiliar combination was proposed among thinkers of Christianity in the Renaissance period and has been used in the contemporary era by some thinkers like "Ali Shariati" to read the traditional intellectual heritage under the title of Islamic Humanism. The content of the present article is that despite the challenge in the possibility of fully combining these two concepts including a religion such as Islam with an ideology such as humanism, presenting this concept in the service of a critical reading of the previous Islamic tradition with a view to its similar experience in Christianity. The findings of such a study indicate that the distinctive feature of religious humanism, especially Islamic, instead of its anti-religious opposition, is based on what Shariati called "refinement of cultural resources" and a critical look at the heritage of the past.

The current sociological research was carried out regarding three specific goals: firs, to investigate the social contexts of the formation of privatization of education in Iran. Second, to examine the social consequences of the development of private schools, especially regarding the situation of the realization and development of educational and social justice, and, third, to analyze and explain the strategies to face the privatization of education in Iran. In order to achieve the aforementioned goals, this research has used in-depth semi-structured interviews along with utilization of historical documents and texts. And the data has been analyzed through historical texts and documents. The findings of this study showed that the privatization of education in Iran was reconstructed from different social contexts such as the post-war crisis, outsourcing and laws. The consequences of this privatization can be analyzed in three levels of inequality, classification and commodification of education. The participants of this research indicated and argued two strategies in facing the privatization of education: privatizing and making schools fair.

This article deals with the "problemization" of Iranian identity since the middle of the 12th century, which was started by intellectuals such as Akhundzadeh and Agha Khan Kermani. Later, it entered the bio-politics of Iranians, and various ideas and institutions were produced around the identity of Iranians, and it was put to a goal for thought and politics. Based on this, the basic question of the current research will be why the identity of Iranians became an problem? Considering this problematization, what discursive and non-discursive changes occurred in the social and political relations of Iranian identity? To answer this question, we use Michel Foucault's method of genealogy and knowledge/power relations, and also considering the problematization of the identity of Iranians, we examine the systems and power relations that were formed around the identity of Iranians. The results of the present research are that from the period of Malkam Khan and Agha Khan Kermani, the path of theorizing about progress and development went towards identity, and after that, a set of discursive and non-discursive procedures was formed, which brought the identity of Iranians into the game of right and wrong.