Journal of Engineering in Industrial Research
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Jan 2023

The convergence between sustainability and reliability as one of the emerging opportunities in the design and management of supply chains was investigated in this research study. In the form of a research agenda, this review classifies 65 articles on the intersection of sustainability, reliability, and supply chain network design published in Web of Science and Scopus databases from 2011 to August 2022. Eventually, the selected articles helped to identify four emerging sustainability phenomena with the combination of reliability (i.e., profitable and reliable, responsible and reliable, green and reliable, and sustainable and reliable). While reviewing the literature, it was realized that the sustainability and reliability research streams had been developed separately despite the publication of many articles and scientific contributions. From a sustainability perspective, minimizing costs and greenhouse gas emissions are the main objectives, while social aspects are hardly considered.

In many countries of the world, with the help of scientific tools and methods, which are mainly rooted in the specialized foundations of industrial engineering, environmental experts have been able to play a worthy role in identifying and controlling the effects of development on the environment and proper management of environmental projects. The evolution that has occurred in the implementation of Barzeg projects, especially in the oil and gas industry, is the transformation of the project managers from an executor to agents for the application of different ideas, tools and technologies that can be used in all stages of construction, from the preliminary design stage to the design stage. Tufail, purchase of goods, implementation and supervision, implement their proposals after the approval of the employer and MC of the project. Now, despite such a trend and considering the need to protect the environment in different sectors and the requirement to implement the laws, it can be done by setting specific policies and by creating an environmental management system in the form of a long-term and comprehensive program that the stages of the project, from design to its demolition, by entering the project to prevent the creation of adverse effects on the environment, established a preventive and controlling system. In this article, by examining the existing trends in the implementation of projects, as well as adapting them to environmental management trends such as EMS, EIA, SEA, and using control tools, management trends regarding the reduction of adverse environmental effects are discussed.

Corrosion in pipelines is one of the significant challenges faced by oil and gas industries which has led to the need for corrosion preventive measures or management when dealing with pipelines as a transportation system in any industry. Through a quantitative approach, the associated disaster risk of inadequate corrosion control (cathodic protection) on pipelines in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, was investigated. One hundred (100) respondents (MNOCs staff) were involved, and a questionnaire was adopted for data collection. The finding revealed that pipeline leakages are attributed to cathodic rupture, corrosion, vandalization, rust, age,wear, and combined action of corrosion and vandalism. Among other risks, disaster risk associated with production and environmental impact was rated highly. As a preventive measure, the respondents indicated that Cathodic Protection System (CPS) prevents disasters associated with pipeline leakage due to the corrosion effect. Maintenance practices are carried out on the CPS annually. In conclusion, CPS endure risks are minimized and serve as a proven proactive measure to prevent pipeline corrosion.

Mobile ad hoc networks include sets of nodes that can freely communicate with each other without having any network infrastructure and through radio frequencies. These networks' speed of establishment and unstructured nature has made them critical in various fields, especially military and emergency applications. The issue of security in these networks is one of the most important research topics today. Mobility of nodes, mobility of communication, dynamic change of network structure, lack of centralized management to check behaviors and functions, lack of specific defense lines, and limitation in consumption power of nodes provide a suitable platform for various attacks against these networks. The attacks in these networks are somehow different from those in other networks, and of course, the systems used to detect attacks in these networks are different from those in common wired networks. Mobile ad hoc networks are collections of mobile nodes that can be dynamically formed anywhere and anytime without network infrastructure. Most of these node’s act as routers and hosts at the same time. This property has made it possible to use these networks when forming a network with a fixed and predefined structure, such as military cases or floods, is impossible. Communication between nodes in these networks is done through radio waves, and if a node is in the radio range of another node, it is considered a neighbor of that node, and otherwise, if there is a need for communication between two nodes that are in the radio range of each other are not, the help of other nodes can be used in this case. Therefore, the communication between nodes in these networks is somehow based on trust and cooperation between nodes. What needs to be paid special attention to in the applications of these networks is the limitation of the resources used in them. Therefore, the evaluation criteria of these networks differ from those of wired networks.

The implementation of control operations for factory processes required control panels. As a result, it required much labor and did not provide a precise result. The next step in development was to transfer all factory measurements to a central permanent industrial monitoring and control room that would act as the hub of all local panels and reduce the need for manpower; however, this did not seem very convenient because virtually every control loop has its own control management hardware. With the evolution of graphic displays and electrical processors, digital controllers were placed on an array of input and output racks. This concept gave rise to the development of a distributed control system (DCS). Over the years, the term DCS has changed from distributed control to decentralized control systems. Distributed Control System is one of the smartest systems used in factories and control centers. Each system component has its own function, such as the data management and access section, processing management, and graphic display and data collection unit. The communication between each element in the factory is done through a distributed computer, which is also called a control network. The main component of the factory is the distributed control system, which is used to make automatic decisions according to the real-time update of product information throughout the factory.

According to an old definition, steels are alloys of iron and carbon in which the amount of carbon varies up to 1.7% and elements such as manganese, silicon in amounts less than 1%, and phosphorus and sulfur in small amounts, and also there are elements as alloy elements. Having high strength and good flexibility distinguishes steels from other alloys and non-metallic materials, and steels are very resistant to variable actions and impacts. Simple carbon steels are steels whose alloy percentage is very small. These types of steels have the highest amount of consumption in all types of steels. These steels are divided into three categories, which are explained in the next sheet. Due to the wide use of iron alloys (cast iron and steel) in the industry, we can understand the importance of this goal in human life. Iron, which is a very soft and flexible element, is found in nature as iron ore, which is hard and brittle and it has the tendency is to be combined with other elements, especially carbon. Steel is the most widely used and recycled metal material on earth. From high-temperature stainless steels to plain carbon products, these carbon steels in various forms and alloys offer various properties to meet a wide range of applications. Likewise, because of the combination of the properties of this metal of high strength and relatively low production cost, this widely used metal material is now used in countless products.