نشریه جغرافیا و آینده پژوهی منطقه ای
پیاپی 2 (پاییز 1402)

This research is more focused on spatial analysis of the development of the townships of West Azerbaijan Province of Iran from the perspective of physical indicators of livability. The present research method is applied from the point of view of objectivity and has a descriptive-analytical nature. Data collection in this research has been done in the form of documents. The data collection tool of the research is two forms of sampling from the statistical yearbooks of the Iran Statistics Center and an expert questionnaire. The analysis of the collected data has been done through VIKOR and OPA decision-making models. The initial matrix of the VIKOR model is formed through the statistics of the existing situation and the initial matrix of the OPA model was formed through the opinion of 8 experts who were selected purposefully. The results of this research show that according to the VIKOR model of ranking the townships of West Azerbaijan province based on the statistics of the current status of livability indicators and criteria in these townships, Urmia township is ranked first and Poldasht township is ranked last. The results of the OPA model indicate that the index of infrastructure facilities and services with a weight of 0.269 has the greatest impact on the physical dimension of livability, and also the ranking of townships indicates that Urmia township is ranked first and Chaldaran township is ranked last. The results of the Kriging model show that Urmia township has the highest physical indicators of livability compared to other townships. By comparing the results of these rankings, it can be pointed out that due to the lack of looking at the statistics and also the involvement of the personal insight of the experts in scoring the physical criteria of livability, different rankings have been obtained from these two models.

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the social dimension of livability in the informal settlement of Koshtargah located in Urmia city. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The collection of information in this research has been done in two ways: library and field. The data collection tool is in the form of a questionnaire and a questionnaire of experts. The statistical population of this research is the residents of the Koshtargah neighborhood, which according to Cochran's formula is 374 people who are randomly distributed in the study area. Data analysis was done quantitatively through SPSS and Excel software. The data collected through the questionnaires were analyzed by one-sample t-tests and Spearman's correlation, and DEMATEL's multi-criteria decision-making method was used to analyze the data of the experts' questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaires has been confirmed by experts. The reliability of the questionnaires has been confirmed through Cronbach's alpha test with an alpha coefficient of 0.711. The findings of this research show that according to the results of the one-sample t-test, the indicators of recreation and leisure and general education are at a lower level than the average level, and the indicators of personal and social security, participation, identity, and sense of place are at an average level. According to the results of the Spearman correlation test, there is a significant relationship between the indicators and the social dimension of livability. according to the results of the DEMATEL model, the personal and social security index with the value (D) of 4.859 is the most effective, and the participation index with the value of (R) 4.798 is the most influential and the index of personal and social security with the value (D+R) of 9.279 has the highest correlation with other Indexes. The results of this research indicate that the level of the social dimension of livability in the Koshtargah neighborhood is lower than average.

The purpose of this research is the pathology and role of beltways in Sari city traffic. The research methodology is qualitative and subject-based analysis, and the statistical community in the quantitative and minor sector are formed by managers with academic background and executive and urban experts. The size of the sample was in the quantitative section with the achievement of the theoretical saturation (equivalent to 5 people) and in the small section included the size of 30 experts and specialists in the city of Sari who were specialized in the field of traffic and issues related to the city. After analyzing the indicators, using the Friedman test in SPSS software, the resulting indicators were prioritized and using the one-sample t-test, the beltways of Sari city were measured in terms of traffic and its management. The findings from the Quantitative Department and theoretical studies showed that criteria related to the traumatic role of belts in urban traffic as a whole included the management, economic and social problems of the belts project. The results obtained from the small segment in terms of priority indicators showed that the index of malfunctions of the system of holding disputes in some executive mechanisms and the dominance of relations rather than restrictions in the first priority and the system failure indicator for prioritizing half-life projects and preventing the allocation of favorable budget in the second priority. Also, the results of the one-sample t-test have shown that the role of the ring road in the traffic of Sari city was in an unfavorable condition, which indicates that the ring roads of Sari city have not been able to manage and control the traffic of the city properly.

Urban governance as one of the important strategies to achieve sustainable development is of particular importance, which is the focus of this research in the border city of Javanrood. The analysis approach in this article is based on the position of governance in the realization of sustainable development of border cities. The data collection approach is an expert-oriented interactive approach, the analysis method is quantitative and qualitative, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The results showed that a total of 7 meritocracy variables in the selection of city managers, the coordination of the programs of organizations related to city management, mutual communication and constructive interaction between public and private institutions, the use of appropriate measures and solutions for the legality of city managers, the influence of social networks on the participation of civil institutions and the private sector, the exchange of opinions of city managers with citizens in decisions related to city issues, the appropriate use of the city's capacities in urban development were the most important influencing factors in the realization of sustainable development in the field of urban governance.

Climatic changes in Iran have been associated with increasing weather anomalies such as sudden and heavy rains, decreasing rain, increasing the average temperature of some cities, and causing widespread drought. Therefore, in this research, an attempt is made to evaluate the impact of climate changes on water-sensitive cities, especially the city of Isfahan, and to predict these changes. The research method in this article is applied based on its purpose and exploratory based on its nature. Also, Demartin's model has been used to measure the dryness factor of Isfahan. In the following, using document and library studies and with the help of information from synoptic stations of Isfahan city and using SDSM software, first the important effects of climate have been measured and then the effects of climate change on this city in the future have also been discussed. The findings of this research indicate that the city of Isfahan is going through very critical conditions in terms of climate. If the process of these changes is not curbed, we will see huge changes in the city of Isfahan in the not-too-distant future. According to the results of Demartin's method, it can be seen that Isfahan is located in a dry and desert region and climate changes strongly affect it. In addition, the results obtained from simulations in SDSM software, which were evaluated with NCEP data (rainfall and temperature), showed that Isfahan City will witness a warming of 2 degrees Celsius by the year 2050, which will affect the entire climate. It will cause the precipitation patterns and the other 26 variables of the Meteorological Organization to collide. This is despite the fact that if measures are not taken to curb the increase in temperature (based on the increase in greenhouse gases) by 2050, this increase will take an upward trend and will increase up to 4 degrees Celsius in 2080.

Tourism as an industry has both positive and negative effects. One of the positive effects of this industry is the mental security of tourists from the host community or citizens, this index is influenced by various factors, the measurement of which can be very important in planning for tourism. The aim of the current research is to measure the level of mental security and its effects on tourists' satisfaction with citizens and the choice of Kashan City. The research method is descriptive-analytical. One-sample t-test and Structural Equation Modeling were used to analyze the questionnaire data. The results obtained from the one-sample t-test show the significance of the indicators of peace of mind, attitude, perceived value, comfort, mental image, and security on the mental security of tourists in Kashan, Iran. The findings of the Structural Equation Modeling show that among the measured indicators, the attitude index has the highest factor loading with a weight of 0.97. And it has affected the mental security of tourists more than other factors. The security factor is in second place with a factor load of 0.87. The comfort factor, mental image factor, value factor, 0.85, 0.81, 0.79, and the comfort scale with a factor load of 0.22 are ranked next. After a more detailed analysis of the indicators, among the subjective image index, tourists' satisfaction with choosing Kashan for travel has the highest factor weight with a factor load of 0.81.