نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال دوازدهم شماره 7 (پیاپی 88، مهر 1402)

The purpose of this study was the feasibility of a family-oriented psychological intervention focused on compassion on the pain intensity and disability in married women with migraine. The research method was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group with a three-month follow-up period. the statistical population of married women suffering from migraines who were referred to " Clinic Dard Mehr" in Rasht city in 2022. 40 people were selected in purposive sampling and were assigned to two intervention and control groups by a simple random method. Pain Intensity Scale (PIS) (Downie et al., 1978) and Pain Disability Index (PDI) (Pollard, 1984) were used in the measurement stages. The intervention group underwent weekly intervention during eight 90-minute sessions. Data analysis was done by Repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed that the variable of pain intensity in the intervention group from pretest to posttest with a mean difference (3.800) decreased significantly (p<0.05), but this change from pretest to follow-up with a mean difference (0.950) had no significant difference. Disability of pain in the intervention group has decreased significantly from the pretest to posttest with a mean difference (4.555), also this change has decreased from the pretest to the follow-up with a mean difference (of 3.400) (p<0.05). In general, it can be concluded that family-centered psychological intervention focused on compassion had an effective role in reducing pain intensity and disability in married women with migraines, but this reduction in pain intensity variable was not stable over time.

The aim of the current research was to compare the psychological needs, mind theory, and emotion regulation abilities of female students with parental divorce experience and normal female students. The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population of this research included female students of different faculties of the University of Tabriz in 1401, among whom 120 people were selected as a convenient sample. The sample was selected in such a way that 60 female students who experienced parental divorce were selected. Then, 60 female students who did not have the experience of parental divorce were selected according to their age, education, and marital status in an accessible manner. To collect the data, basic psychological needs questionnaire (BNSG-S) Deci & Ryan  (2000), emotional regulation questionnaire (CERQ) Garnefski & Kraaij (2006)  and mind reading questionnaire (RMET) Baron & Cohen (2001)   were used. Multivariate analysis of variance and independent t-test showed that the dimension of independence, competence, and connection of psychological needs, mind theory, and adaptive emotion regulation strategies among female students with parental divorce experience is significantly lower than normal students. but The amount of non-compromised emotion regulation strategies among female students with parental divorce experience is significantly higher than among normal students (p≤0/05). According to the findings, it is concluded that there is a difference between female students with and without parental divorce experience in terms of these three variables.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of matrix group therapy on the cognitive regulation of emotion, coping strategies, and relapse in methamphetamine-dependent people. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all methamphetamine addicts in Miandooab City in 2019. 30 people from the above society were selected according to the entry and exit criteria through targeted sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received Matrix group therapy during 14 sessions of 90 minutes (one session per week). The research tools included the Emotion Cognitive Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) by Gross and John (2003), Coping Strategies (WOCQ) by Lazarus and Folkman (1985), and the Predictive Return Scale (PRC) by Wright (1993). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of cognitive regulation of emotion, coping strategies, and relapse (p<0.05). Therefore, matrix group therapy has been an efficient method to increase cognitive emotion regulation, and coping strategies and reduce relapse in methamphetamine-dependent people.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between attachment styles and risky sexual behavior with the moderating variable of birth order and the experience of sexual abuse in childhood. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of the nature of implementation with correlational design. The statistical population in this research included all young men and women between 20 and 30 years of age with risky sexual behavior in Tehran, which was conducted between November 2017 and September 2018. Among them, 100 people who had experienced high-risk sexual behavior were selected through purposive sampling. The tools used in this research included a high-risk sexual behaviors questionnaire (RSBQ), Khakbaz et al. (2019), and an attachment style questionnaire (ASQ), Collins and Reed (1990). The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression. The final results showed that there is a significant relationship between attachment styles and risky sexual behavior (P<0.05), However, the variable of birth order and the experience of sexual abuse during childhood does not have a moderating role in the relationship between attachment styles and risky sexual behavior (P>0.05). Also, there is a significant relationship between secure, avoidant, and ambivalent attachment styles with risky sexual behavior.

The current study aimed to investigate the lived experiences of students' sense of belonging to the university. To achieve this goal, qualitative and descriptive phenomenological methods were used. According to the principle of saturation, the research participants included 19 students from the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and the University of Birjand in the academic year of 2018-2019, who were selected using the purposeful sampling method and were studied with semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was conducted using the Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen method. The research findings led to 5 main themes, 14 sub-themes, and 50 meaning units. The analysis of the interviews revealed five main themes including university climate (Autonomy-Supportive environment, attitude toward university, facilities) interaction with professors (emphasis on academic growth, respect, intimacy, empathy, and support), interaction with peers (relationship closeness, modeling), social participation (extracurricular activities and perceived membership) and interpersonal factors (self-efficacy beliefs and academic engagement). The results showed that the student's positive and negative experiences of belonging to the university are influenced by a combination of intra-personal, interpersonal, and contextual factors that play a major role in their university life.

The 11th edition of the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD11) has defined Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) as a new and different condition from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This article studied published research findings from 1992 to 2023 related to causative factors,  symptoms, assessment tools, differential diagnosis, and treatment of  CPTSD from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Pubmed with a narrative reviewing method. Its methodology is based on the collection, classification, and summarizing of the findings of scientific articles. For this purpose, the keywords of trauma, CPTSD, and PTSD were used. 86 articles were selected in the initial search, and 39 articles related to childhood trauma and CPTSD and the difference between PTSD and CPTSD  were selected. The results showed that CPTSD  is a separate disorder from PTSD, whose symptoms and diagnostic tools are different from PTSD. The combination of insecure attachment and emotional dysregulation are the underlying factors in the development of CPTSD as a result of childhood trauma. due to the newness of this disorder, little research about its treatment has been done and more studies are needed.

The purpose of the present study was to predict Academic Self-Efficacy in students based on emotion regulation strategies, ambiguity tolerance, and teacher affective support. The research method was descriptive -correlation.  The study population included all high school boys students of Kermanshah city in 2021-2022 among them  195 students were selected as a sample by multi-stage random cluster sampling. Research questionnaires included: academic self-efficacy questionnaires (SES, Patrick et al, 1977), emotion regulation skills questionnaires (ERS, Shields, Cicchetti, 1997), ambiguity tolerance questionnaires (ERS, Freston et al, 1994), and teacher Affective support questionnaires (TASQ, Sakiz, 2007). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. The results of multiple regression showed that ambiguity intolerance, teacher Affective support, and emotion regulation skills s can explain the 0.40 variance in academic self-efficacy in students (P <0.001). In general, it can be said that emotion regulation strategies, tolerance of ambiguity, and emotional support of the teacher predict students' academic self-efficacy, and through them, students' self-efficacy can be determined.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of premarital education based on the model of building a lasting connection and the SYMBIS model on the sexual intimacy of newly married couples and couple candidates. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included couples on the verge of marriage or married in 2023 and referred to the service center in Mashhad. 24 couples were purposefully selected and randomly divided into three groups (8 couples in each group). The research tool included the sexual intimacy scale (SIS) by Botlani et al. (2009). The control group did not receive any intervention, but one experimental group received the building a lasting connection model in 6 sessions 2 hours, and another experimental group received the SYMBIS model intervention in the form of 8 sessions 90-minute sessions. A mixed variance analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that both groups of building a lasting connection (P<0.01) and SYMBIS (P =0.05) had a significant and stable effect on the sexual intimacy of new couples and couple candidates compared to the control group. Also, the results show that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two interventions (P>0.05). The results showed that the model building a lasting connection and the SYMBIS model are effective interventions for the use of counselors and psychologists to improve the marital compatibility of new couples and couple candidates.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy based on enrichment programs and systemic-integrated couple therapy on interpersonal forgiveness of betrayed women. The method of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up period of two months. The statistical population of the present study was made up of all the betrayed women who were referred to the counseling centers located in Rodhen City in 2022. 45 people were selected in a purposeful way and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The instrument of this research was Pollard's interpersonal forgiveness questionnaire (IFS) (1998). Schema therapy intervention based on Lu and McKay's acceptance communication enrichment program (2012) and Feldman's (1990) system-integrated couple therapy protocol was implemented in 12 90-minute sessions twice a week for the first and second experimental groups. The data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance. The results of the Varbans analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up of interpersonal forgiveness (P<0.05). The results showed that the schema therapy based on the communication enrichment program of acceptance compared to Feldman's systemic-integrated couple therapy had a significant effect on forgiveness The interpersonal relationship of betrayed women was more effective. A significant difference was observed between the two treatments (P<0.05). It can be concluded that there is a substantial difference between the two treatments of schema therapy based on the enrichment of acceptance communication and systemic couple therapy.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy based on the mindset model focused on emotional dysregulation and coherent self-knowledge in self-harming teenagers. This research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test, and control group design with a 3-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research was all delinquent male teenagers who experienced self-harm in the Tehran Correctional Center in 2022, and 36 of them were selected using a targeted sampling method. This number was randomly replaced between the schema therapy group and the control group. Data were collected using Ghorbani et al.'s (2008) Cohesive Self-Knowledge Questionnaire (ISK) and Gratz et al.'s (2004) Emotional Dysregulation Questionnaire (DERS). Schematic therapy intervention based on the oriented mindset model was held in 20 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The results showed the difference between the pre-test and post-test stage of emotional dysregulation (p<0.05, d=-9.89) and the pre-test follow-up of emotional dysregulation (p<0.05, d=-12.8). , is significant. Also, the difference between the pre-test and post-test stage of self-knowledge of coherence (p<0.05, d=-8.63) and the pre-test of follow-up of self-knowledge and coherence (p>0.05, d=3.71) is meaningful. It is concluded that the therapeutic scheme based on the mindset-orientation model on emotional dysregulation and self-knowledge is effective and lasting.

The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a group training package for women's reconciliation after the divorce event and its feasibility to improve the Difficulties in the emotional regulation of divorced women. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this research included all the divorced women of Sanandaj city in 2021-2022, 40 people were selected using available sampling and randomly assigned to 2 experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). The experimental group was subjected to the group training package on women's reconciliation after the event of divorce for 10 sessions of 75 minutes (2 sessions per week) and the control group did not receive any intervention. The measurement tool in this research was the Difficulty in Regulating Emotion Questionnaire (DERS) by Gratz and Roemer (2004). Statistical data analysis was done using the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the post-test of the experimental and control groups in the difficulty in regulating the emotions of divorced women (p=0.01) and the results indicated the durability of the training package in the follow-up period (p=0.01). Based on the results of the research, it can be said that the educational package of women's compromise after the divorce event is a suitable intervention method to improve the difficulty in regulating the emotions of divorced women.

The present study investigates the effectiveness of the emotion-oriented approach on distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation of married women. The method of study was a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all married women referred to Karaj health centers from the first half of June to the end of August 2022. In this regard, 35 people were selected using the convenience sampling method. They were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received emotion-oriented approach training for ten sessions (60-70 minutes). However, the control group did not receive any training or intervention. Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS, Simons & Gaher's, 2005) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (CERQ, Garnefski et al., 2006) were used to collect data. The emotion-oriented approach increases distress tolerance in the post-test and follow-up phases (p<0.001). Also, it was effective in increasing and improving adaptive emotion regulation and reducing maladaptive emotion regulation in the post-test and follow-up phases (p<0.001) Based on the results, it can be stated that investigating the emotion-oriented approach increases distress tolerance and improves cognitive emotion regulation (increasing adaptive emotional regulation and reducing maladaptive emotional regulation).

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic group therapy on cognitive emotional regulation in patients with anxiety disorders. The current research was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the research included all individuals with anxiety disorders referred to one of the clinics in Mashhad, who had been referred to this clinic for treatment from October to December 2022. 30 participants in this research were selected from about 100 patients by voluntary sampling method and were replaced in two experimental and control groups. Subjects in two stages of pre-test and post-test with Anxiety Inventory (BAI) Beck et al. (1988) and DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria, Persian version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P) Garnefski & Kraaij (2006) were measured. The intervention group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes as one session per week of unified transdiagnostic treatment. Data analysis was done using multivariate covariance analysis. Data analysis showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference at the level of 0/05 between the post-test mean of cognitive emotional regulation including self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, other-blame, acceptance, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal and putting in the two experimental and control groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that group-based Unified transdiagnostic therapy can be effective in cognitive-emotional regulation.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of self-care training and regulation of the emotional process on the quality of life of caregivers of the elderly with dementia. This research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a 4-month follow-up period. The statistical population included all caregivers who were referred to the Dementia Treatment Center in Kerman City in 2021. The statistical sample included 45 people who were selected as available and randomly replaced in the control group and two experimental groups. The experimental group of self-care training and regulation of emotion process received interventions during 8 sessions of 45 minutes, once a week. The data were collected using the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life questionnaire, World Health Organization, 1996) and analyzed using the analysis of variance method with repeated measurements. The results showed that the difference between the averages of both experimental groups was significant compared to the control group (P<0.05). Comparing the effectiveness of the two experimental groups to each other, the difference in means was reported to be significant at the 95% confidence level, and it was shown that self-care training was more effective than regulating the emotional process in improving the quality of life of caregivers of the elderly with dementia (P<0.05). It can be concluded that self-care training and regulation of the emotional process are effective in increasing the quality of life of caregivers.

The present study aimed to present a model of trust in couples affected by marital infidelity based on emotional schemas with the mediating role of emotional expression. The current research was descriptive-correlational based on structural equation modeling (SEM). In light of these considerations, the statistical population of this study comprised all couples affected by marital infidelity who were referred to the counseling centers of Nowshahr, Chalus, and Tonekabon between May and August 2021. , 150 couples (300 people) were selected using the available sampling method, and Rempel et al. (1985) Interpersonal Relationship Scale (IRS), Leahy's (2002) emotional Schema Scale (LESS), and King and Emmons’ (1990) emotional expressiveness Questionnaire (EEQ) were completed. At the conclusion of the study, adaptive and nonadaptive schemas directly have a significant effect on couples' trust (P<0.05). Also, adaptive schemas through the mediation of positive emotion expression and nonadaptive schemas through the expression of positive emotion and expressing intimacy had an indirect and significant effect on couples' trust (P<0.01). The findings of this study suggest that the model of trust in couples affected by infidelity based on emotional schemas with the mediation role of emotional expression has a good fit, and the use of this model could be effective for experts in the determination of extramarital relationships.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of parent management training (PMT) in reducing child anxiety and domestic violence against children of divorce in Darab City in 2022. The research method was a semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all divorced mothers with 5 to 10-year-old children in 2022 who had been referred to the Mehr Family Court Center in Darab City, and 25 of these mothers were placed in the experimental group and 25 in the control group. The tools used in this research were the scale of domestic violence against children by Adelson et al. (2008) (CEDV( and the child anxiety scale of Spence (1999) for parents (SCAS). The research results showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference in the level (P≥0.001) between the average scores of child anxiety and domestic violence and in the post-test of the experimental group and the control group. In other words, it can be said that parent management training is effective in reducing anxiety and domestic violence against children.

The aim of the present study was to predict the Corona anxiety of nurses based on self-care behavior, job burnout, and alexithymia. This research was done by the descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population included all the nurses working in Aria Hospital in Rasht City in 2022, numbering 190 people, of which 123 people were selected by the available sampling method. To collect the required data from self-care questionnaires (SCQ) Han et al (2014), job burnout (JBQ) Maslach and Jackson (1996), alexithymia (AQ) Bagby et al (1994), and Corona anxiety. (CAQ) Alipour et al. (2018) was used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and simultaneous regression methods. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between job burnout and alexithymia with the nurses' corona anxiety (P<0.05), but no significant relationship was observed between self-care behavior and corona anxiety (P>0.05). These variables explained a total of 6.67% of the variance of Corona anxiety. According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the variables of job burnout and alexithymia are suitable predictors for reducing the anxiety of nurses during the Corona period.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on suicidal thoughts, psychological distress, and depression in women with hypothyroidism. The research method was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with the control group. The statistical population included all women with hypothyroidism who were referred to counseling centers in Isfahan City in 1401. From among these women, 30 people were selected through targeted sampling and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups and they responded to the Suicide Scale Ideation  (Beck, 1961), Psychological Distress Scale  (Kessler et al., 2002), and depression inventory short form items  (Beck, 1972). For the experimental group, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was held in 8 sessions of two hours and once a week. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The findings showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there is no significant difference between the post-test average of the two experimental and control groups in the variable of suicidal thoughts (P=0/113); But in the variables of psychological distress and depression, there is a significant difference (p<0/05). Based on this, it can be concluded that the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention was effective in psychological distress and depression in women with hypothyroidism.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy and integrated couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy on couples' cognitive flexibility. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research was the couples applying for divorce in Binesh and Hekmat counseling centers in Behshahr City in 2018. 24 couples (48 people) were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to three groups (8 couples in each group). The research tool included the cognitive flexibility inventory (CFI-I) of Dennis and Vander Wal (2010). Each experimental group received 14 intervention sessions... Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that both the test groups in the post-test and follow-up stage had significantly higher average scores compared to the control group in the subscales of cognitive flexibility (substitute, control, and substitute for human behavior) (P<0.01). Also, the results showed that integrated couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy is more effective than emotion-focused couple therapy on the control subscale (P<0.05). The results of the research showed the preference for using integrated couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy compared to emotion-focused couple therapy to improve cognitive flexibility by psychologists and couples counseling centers.

This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of brain exercise training and filial therapy training on cognitive avoidance and executive functioning of students with learning disabilities. The method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre-amon-post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up period. The research population consisted of all 7-9-year-old students (first and third grades) with learning disabilities referred to the learning disability centers of Tonkabon City in the academic year of 1402-1401. Among them, 45 people were selected and were divided into two experimental groups and a control group. The first group underwent brain exercise training during 8 sessions and the second group underwent filial therapy sessions during 10 sessions. The research tool was the executive functions questionnaire. (BRIEF, Gerrard et al., 2008) was the Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ, Saxon and Dagas, 2008). The findings obtained from mixed variance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up phases (p<0.001). Both intervention methods have reduced cognitive avoidance and increased executive functioning, and the level of effectiveness had a lasting effect over time, and there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two methods (p<0.001). In general, the results obtained from the research showed that both ways of intervention are effective in cognitive avoidance and executive functioning of students with learning disabilities.