نشریه پژوهش در متابولیت های گیاهی
پیاپی 2 (زمستان 1401)

In this study, the hydroalcoholic extract of Ferula persica was extracted based on soaking method, and then the content of total phenols, total flavonoids, free radical scavenging activity (based on DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging methods) and antifungal effect (based on antimicrobial methods of disk diffusion agar, well diffusion agar, minimum inhibitory concentrations, and minimum fungicidal concentrations) were evaluated against fungi species causing strawberry and grape fruits rot (Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger, and Rhizopus stolonifer). The results of this study showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Ferula persica contained 101.38 mg GAE/g total phenols and 37.41 mg QE/g total flavonoids. In addition, the antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract based on the percentage of inhibition of DPPH and ABTS free radicals was 68.59 and 63.32%, respectively. Findings of antifungal activity based on disk diffusion agar and well diffusion agar tests showed that the antifungal effect of the extract was dependent on its concentration and increasing the concentration caused a significant increase in the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger were the most resistant and sensitive fungal strains to the hydroalcoholic extract, respectively, and the minimum lethal concentrations for these two strains were 256 and 64 mg/ml, respectively. Therefore, Ferula persica hydroalcoholic extract can be used as a natural preservative to increase the shelf life of horticultural products.

Moshgak [Ducrosia anethifolia (DC.) Boiss] belonging to the Apiaceae family is widely distributed in the south of Iran. Fars province is one of the important habitats of this plant and it is important to collect information about the distribution of this plant in different parts of Fars province. In this research, the essential components of plants collected in Khor region (Larestan, southeast of Fars province) were investigated for the first time. Collection of plant samples was done in April 2019 from Khor Larestan region.In this study, the essential oil components of plants collected in Khoor region of Fars province were studied for the first time. The essential oils of the collected samples were extracted by water distillation using a Clevenger apparatus and the quality of the essential oils were evaluated by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. According to the results, 22 chemical compounds were identified in the essential oil, including ο-cymene, γ-terpinene, Linalooll, n-Decanal (37.63, 19.05, 16.26, 4.94 percent respectively). They formed the highest concentration and bulk of the essential oil, which was different from the results reported about the essential oil compounds of mushkag collected from other parts of Fars province. It seems that one of the reasons for this difference in the results is due to the climatic conditions.

Bitter melon, a bitter tropical plant, was used as a medicinal plant from the past. Due to the observation of toxic effects of bitter melon extract against pathogenic bacteria and fungi, this study was performed to investigate ripe fruit extracts effects on reproduction and growth phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. For this purpose, the ripe fruits of bitter melon were collected and dried and then was extracted by ethanol and ethylacetate solvents. To study of antimicrobial activity of extract, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) and inhibition zone of the sample were determined using microdilution broth method and disc diffusion method, respectively. For comparison of the extract effects against fungi and bacteria, a sample without plant extract was prepared as the control. Also, gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC- MS) analysis was performed to identify and determine the percentage of extracts metabolites. The results indicated different antimicrobial activities of the extracts against the studied phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi and it was more affected on fungi than bacteria. In addition, the phytochemical results showed that among the detected compounds in bitter melon, Tetradecanoic acid (49.62%) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (19.53%) in the ethyl acetate extract and Thiirane (72.95%) in the ethanol extract were the main compounds that their antimicrobial effects have already been reported. According to the results of this study, could be observed that these identified metabolites of bitter melon have the antimicrobial activity against studied phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi.

One of the effective groups of plants, are essential oils, which are used in food, perfumery, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries due to their aromatic and special flavors. Essential oils and their compounds have multiple functions and different activities such as antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activities have been reported from the essential oils of various plants. In order to investigate and identify chemical compounds, the essential oil content of Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter, in Khuzestan province, was extracted by Clevenger apparatus and analyzed with a gas chromatography system connected to GC/MASS mass spectrometer. The percentage of essential oil of the leaves was 0.3%. In total, 25 compounds were isolated and identified from the essential oil of D. graveolens. The results showed that D. graveolens mainly contained about 39% trans-Caryophyllene as a major constituent, and 9.22% Sabinene and other compounds ranged from 0.52 to 4.86%. trans-Caryophyllene and Sabinene are the terpene compounds, which have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.