Dental Research Journal
Volume:20 Issue: 10, Oct 2023

Previous systematic reviews indicate that there is an increased prevalence of caries in cleft patients in comparison to their healthy control group. To date, the prevalence of caries between unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) has not been quantitatively evaluated. This review aims to include published studies that examined caries prevalence in patients with UCLP and BCLP to find out whether a quantitative difference exists in caries experience among them.

Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases were searched from inception to November 2021. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO registration no. CRD2021292425. Prevalence‑based studies that evaluated caries experience using the decayed–missing–filled teeth (DMFT) index in the permanent dentition or dmft in case of primary dentition in patients with UCLP or BCLP were included in the analysis with the outcome given in mean and standard deviation. Meta‑analysis was performed using a random effect model through a forest plot. An adapted version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cross‑sectional studies was modified to assess the quality of included studies.

Three studies were included in the review. The difference in caries prevalence was statistically significant in the permanent and primary dentition which were evaluated using DMFT and dmft scores with P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively. Forest plot values were obtained for permanent dentition (DMFT) and primary dentition (dmft), 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–0.11) and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.69–0.03), respectively. The result of the meta‑analysis indicates that patients with BCLP have higher caries prevalence.

The outcome of the study indicates a higher occurrence of caries in patients with BCLP than UCLP in both permanent and primary dentition.

The aim of the present study is to determine the possibility of isolation and characterization of the human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) using limited harvested periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue of only one patient’s wisdom teeth (2–4 teeth) under the more compatible terms of use in clinical application without using the fetal bovine serum (FBS).

In this pilot study, hPDLSCs were isolated from the impacted third molar, and tissue was scraped from the roots of the impacted third molar of 10 volunteers to enzymatically digest using collagenase. The cells were sub‑cultured. The samples of the first seven patients and half of the eighth patient’s sample were cultured in alpha modified of Eagle’s medium (α‑MEM) (−FBS) medium and the other part of the eighth patient’s sample was cultured with prior medium supplemented with +FBS 15% as a control of the cultivation protocol. While for the past two patients (9th and 10th the α‑MEM medium was supplemented with L‑Glutamine, anti/anti 2X, and 20% knock‑out serum replacement (KSR). Two more nutritious supplements (N2 and B27) were added to the medium of the tenth sample. Flow‑cytometric analysis for the mesenchymal stem cell surface markers CD105, CD45, CD90, and CD73 was performed. Subsequent polymerase chain reaction was undertaken on three samples cultured with two growth media.

Cultivation failed in some of the samples because of the lack of cell adhesion to the culturing dish bottom (floating cells), but it was successful for the 9th and 10th patients, which were cultured in the α‑MEM serum supplemented with KSR 20%. Flow cytometry analysis was positive for CD105, CD90, and CD73 and negative for CD45. The PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) expressed CD105, CD45, and CD90 but were poor for CD73.

According to the limited number of sample tests in this study, isolation and characterization of PDLSCs from collected PDL tissue of one patient’s wisdom teeth (2–4) may be possible by the proper setup in synthetic FBS‑free serum.

Although most of the metabolism of local anesthetics (LAs) takes place in the liver, no study has investigated the effect of these anesthetics on the kidney function of single‑kidney humans or animals. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of LAs on renal function in single‑kidney rats.

The present experimental animal study with two control groups was done in an animal laboratory. Forty‑two rats were randomly assigned to seven groups of six rats, including two control groups and five experimental groups. The experimental groups underwent intraperitoneal anesthesia with 2% lidocaine, 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine, 4% articaine, 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU Felypressin, and 3% mepivacaine, respectively. Unilateral nephrectomy was done. After 24 h, the rats’ blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), and blood specific gravity (BSG) were measured. A standard dose of anesthetics was injected into the peritoneum for 4 days afterward. Then, these indices were measured again 24 h after the last injection. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS (version 21.0). One‑way analysis of variance, Tukey’s honestly significant difference post hoc, and paired t‑tests were used for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The results indicated significant differences among groups in the rats’ BUN and serum Cr 24 h after nephrectomy (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in BUN, BSG, and Cr among groups after the interventions.

LAs did not affect renal function in single‑kidney rats. Therefore, dentists can use the anesthetics in single‑kidney people.

Facial asymmetry is one reason orthodontic patients seek treatment. This study assessed the effect of mandibular asymmetry on facial esthetics and treatment needs perceived by laypersons, orthodontists, and maxillofacial surgeons.

In this descriptive cross‑sectional study, the frontal image of a model was captured and symmetrized from the facial midline using Adobe Photoshop software. The mandible was rotated 0°–8° with 1° intervals. Images were presented to 41 laypersons, 39 orthodontists, and 29 surgeons using an online questionnaire. The observers rated each image’s esthetics with a 0–100 Visual Analog Scale and determined their treatment need by choosing one of the following three choices: No need for treatment, needs treatment, acceptable, but better to be treated. Analysis of variance for repeated measurements model. The regression method, Kruskal–Wallis analysis, was used for statistical analysis and the level of significance was set as P < 0.05.

The images with 0° and 1° rotation received the highest esthetic rates among all three groups, while the images with 8° rotation were the least attractive ones. Furthermore, the image esthetic ratings significantly affected their treatment need. Mandibular asymmetry diagnosis threshold was 1° for orthodontists, and 3° for both laypersons and surgeons. The treatment need threshold was 5°, 6°, and 7° for surgeons, orthodontists, and laypersons, respectively.

The esthetics of images decreased when mandibular asymmetry increased. Treatment need was also related to increased asymmetry. Orthodontists were the most sensitive group in diagnosis, while surgeons were the most sensitive ones when it came to treatment.

Obesity and periodontitis are two commonly occurring disorders that affect a considerable amount of the world’s population. Several studies have mentioned that there may be a link between the two. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether there was a difference in response to nonsurgical periodontal therapies (NSPTs) between obese and nonobese individuals.

An online search was assembled with a combination of Medical Subject Headings terms and free‑text words of the literature published up to December 2020, to identify interventional studies limited to an adult human population. Titles, abstracts, and finally full texts were scrutinized for possible inclusion by two independent investigators. Reduction in periodontal pocket depth was the primary parameter used to assess the outcome of NSPT.

The primary search yielded 639 significant titles and abstracts. After filtering, data extraction, and quality assessment, 34 full‑text studies were selected. All studies matching inclusion criteria, suggest a positive association between obesity and periodontal disease.

Although a possible correlation exists between periodontitis and obesity, as with other oral‑systemic disease implications, some controversy exists. While some studies have reported a distinct correlation between periodontitis and obesity, other papers have suggested only moderate or no association between the two conditions at all. These results advise of a difference between response to NSPT amid obese and nonobese individuals. However, with few quality studies and variable reported findings, there is limited evidence of any significant difference in clinical practice. However, it can be a positive warning that obesity is a risk factor toward the outcome of periodontal disease treatment.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a randomized controlled clinical trial to compare and evaluate the effect of provisional restorations fabricated by two techniques, namely, conventional and three‑dimensional (3D) printing processes on the peri‑implant hard and soft tissues over early nonfunctional loaded implants in the mandibular posterior region.

A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted across 24 subjects broadly divided into two groups with 12 dental implants each, i.e., GpIC with conventionally fabricated provisional restoration and GpIID with 3D printed fabricated provisional restoration. The prosthetic phase was carried out at 2 weeks, and subjects were evaluated at baseline (at the time of prosthesis placement), 2 months, and 4 months for peri‑implant marginal bone level, mucosal suppuration, sulcular probing depth, and modified sulcular bleeding index. Patient satisfaction was assessed using 5‑item questionnaires at 4 months. The intragroup comparison for all the data was done using Wilcoxon signed‑rank test. The intergroup comparison for all the data was done using Mann–Whitney U‑test. The comparison of frequency of responses between GpIC and GpIID was done using Chi‑square test. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Nonsignificant difference was observed in all the hard and soft tissue parameters between the groups at baseline, 2 months, and 4 months (P ˃ 0.05). Improvement in bleeding on probing was found to be greater around dental implants restored with 3D printed provisional restoration than dental implants restored with conventionally fabricated provisional restoration from baseline to 4 months of follow‑up, and the difference in finding was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was a statistically nonsignificant difference seen for the frequencies between the groups (P > 0.05) for all questions related to patient satisfaction.

The effect of conventionally fabricated and 3D printed provisional restorations on peri‑implant hard and soft tissues was comparable to each other on an early nonfunctionally loaded implant in the mandibular posterior region.

The healing process after dental extraction is influenced by various factors, and finding effective strategies for promoting wound healing and reducing postoperative discomfort remains a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of topical Curcuma longa gel in reducing pain and promoting wound healing after dental extraction, with the secondary objective of assessing the occurrence of dry sockets. The study was a split‑mouth randomized controlled trial conducted at the oral and maxillofacial surgery department over 3 months.

This split‑mouth randomized controlled trial consisted of a total of 21 patients undergoing bilateral extractions. One extraction socket was randomly assigned to the test group, where Curcuma. longa gel was applied, while the contralateral socket served as the control group, receiving a placebo. Pain and wound healing were evaluated using standardized scales on the 3rd and 7th days postextraction. Descriptive statistics, paired t‑tests, and unpaired t‑tests were performed using the SPSS software version 19. The statistical significance was fixed at P ≤ 0.05.

The test group showed significantly higher mean healing scores on the 3rd and 7th days compared to the control group. On the 7th day, the test group had significantly lower mean pain scores than the control group. No cases of dry sockets were observed in either group.

Topical Curcuma longa gel demonstrated positive effects in promoting wound healing and reducing pain after dental extraction. Clinicians should consider the use of Curcuma longa gel as a post‑extraction medicament, particularly in cases involving multiple or traumatic extractions.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor among oral cancers. Cyclin D1 and Ki‑67 have associated with cell division. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of these markers in OSCC with and without cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis.

This cross‑sectional study was performed on 40 OSCCs with and without cervical LN metastasis (20 in each group) that was recorded in the pathology archive of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Isfahan. Clinical information including age, gender, and location was collected. Some histopathological parameters including depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), number of LN metastases, histopathological grade, and stage of disease were evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for cyclin D1 and Ki‑67. All data were entered into SPSS24 software and were analyzed by Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, Chi‑square, Fisher’s exact, and t‑tests. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Based on LVI and stage of disease, a significant correlation was found between the two groups (P < 0.001).There was a significant difference between the two groups based on cyclin D1 expression (P = 0.05).The expression of the Ki‑67 showed a significant difference based on tumor location (P = 0.026) and PNI (P = 0.033).

The use of markers should be considered in determining the prognosis of OSCC, and the cyclin D1 marker is one of the useful markers for predictors of cervical LN metastasis.

Diode lasers can be used in the treatment of periodontal diseases as they have an anti‑bactericidal effect, and regulate oral tissue inflammatory responses. This study aimed to evaluate the adjunctive effects of Diode 940 nm laser on mechanical periodontal debridement.

In this split‑mouth single‑blind randomized clinical trial, 12 patients were selected. Forty‑four oral segments were enrolled in the scaling and root planing (SRP) group and SRP + Laser group with a 1:1 allocation ratio following a simple randomization procedure (coin flip). Clinical parameters (pocket depth, clinical attachment loss [CAL], and bleeding on probing [BOP]) were measured at baseline. After the SRP, a 940 nm Diode laser (1 Watt power and continuous wave mode) was used in the SRP + Laser group as an adjunctive treatment. The clinical parameters were remeasured 2 months posttreatment. Statistical analysis was carried out using an unpaired t‑test with a 5% significant level by SPSS.

Although all clinical parameters had more improvements in the SRP + Laser group, the differences were not significant between the two study groups (P > 0.05). Only in individual tooth evaluations, CAL changes in first and second premolars and BOP changes in second premolars show statistically significant improvement in the SRP + L group compared to the SRP group (P < 0.05).

Using diode 940 nm laser as an adjunctive treatment for SRP may be helpful and be suggested for periodontal treatment.

The aim of the present study was to compare dental indexes of pediatric Down syndrome (DS) patients to those who are healthy.

This study was carried out based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‑Analysis statement guidelines. The researchers searched title and abstract of major databases, including ProQuest (ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Full Text: Health and Medicine, ProQuest Nursing and Allie Health Source), PubMed, Google Scholar, clinical key, up to date, springer, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science (ISI), up to September 2020 with restriction to English and Persian language This meta‑analysis study had three outcomes: decay/miss/filled index, plaque index, and gingival index. Effect size, including mean difference and its 95% of confidence interval, was calculated. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale measured the quality of the selected studies. Heterogeneity was performed using the Q test and I 2 index, and reporting bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger and Begg’s tests.

Fifteen studies conducted were included in the meta‑analysis process.

It showed that DS patients had a higher plaque index and gingival index than healthy individuals, which means that the oral health status of these patients is worse and needs more attention.