نشریه مطالعات بین رشته ای در تعالی معماری و شهرسازی
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

The architecture and urban planning of any nation is a reflection of the thoughts of the people who are influenced by the philosophical thoughts of the thinkers of their era, which will not be possible to understand except by studying the works and the historical period of their lives. The seventh and eighth centuries AH is the era of flourishing Iranian architecture after the Mongol invasion subsided and the formation of an Il-khanate government. One of the most influential people of this period is Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi. This article tries to explain the architectural and urban planning features influenced by these ideas with the aim of carefully studying the artistic and geometric concepts of Khajeh and expressing the ideas originating from his philosophical and theological foundations. This study also seeks to answer questions such as how the impact of his ideas in the architecture of this period by examining the writings and architectural works. The results of this research emphasize the connection between the architecture and urban planning with the philosophical and geometric ideas of him. The type of influence of these ideas is such that Khajeh was able to combine the three issues of politics, science and religion with the help of his position, and in addition to the theoretical use of theological and philosophical ideas in the form of an ideal city, he also directly used from sciences such as mathematics, geometry and astronomy to be effective in the construction and decoration of Il-khanate buildings and linking endowment with urban planning.

Nowadays according to the current living conditions and various issues and problems in the cities, the quality of life is highly subjected and being noticed by the public and experts. The purpose of this research is to obtain the experts views about the criteria relevant to the quality of life includes both physical and environmental criteria in deteriorated area. It is attempted to discuss two criteria affecting quality of life in two subjective and objective dimensions. declining social interactions in urban neighborhoods, Lack of time, decrease in the level of communication between people in the community and the family and Which leads to reduction happiness and vitality among citizens make it necessary to do this research. In the method, two sub-criteria of the two dimensions affecting promotion of the quality of life, are selected That are Including materials, access, light, Landscape, Facilities, facade, identity and meaning, beauty, attractive and vitality. Then, they have been examined in Desired dimensions. 50 samples of urban experts and architects are selected in a survey. The criteria and sub-criteria have also been gathered by a library review. The information have been prioritized by field survey and by questionnaire prepared in a Likert scale with 30 questions. The data have been analyzed by Friedman Test using Excel and SPSS. According to the results of this research, it can be concluded that according to the experts the priority of subjective dimension is higher than that of objective.

Studies related to the field of pathology of historical tissues are one of the important stages of planning in the direction of urban improvement and renovation; Because the adaptation of these old spaces to the needs of today's life is obvious. In order to carry out a measured and appropriate intervention in the historical context, first of all, the damages caused to the historical context should be identified in different dimensions, and after the identification of the damages, the correct solution of the intervention in the historical context should be chosen and action should be taken to realize the research vision. current study; It is with a practical purpose and in a descriptive-analytical method, which, while introducing the necessary dimensions to be investigated in order to identify the damages to the historical context, identifies the damages and after evaluating these damages to the historical context, the owner is in charge of providing a rating. The classification of the damages in the studied dimensions is done in order to provide a ranking of the damages inflicted on the historical complex of Sahib al-Amr, paving the way for the revival of this historical complex and the basis for the study and design of the researchers in this field in order to restore the original identity of this field and return to a desirable life. to the vital arteries of the historical fabric of Tabriz in order to protect the rich cultural and historical identity of our country. In order to analyze the data, the categorization method was used, and according to the results, the damage to this historical complex includes the visual dimension, the organization of urban spaces and the network of historical, physical, socio-economic, functional and traffic routes, tissue morphology and environmental dimension.

The creation of architecture as a practical art is influenced by culture and social conditions in addition to geographical and climatic factors. The space of a rural house is a space consisting of the omnipresence of humans in the fluid flow of life. Since this presence includes all aspects of his life, it has a role beyond a residential space for the users. Based on the results of the studies of the Gilan Rural Heritage Museum project, the cultural-architectural area of Gilan is divided into nine sub-areas without considering the country and political divisions, which consist of two major areas, East and West, with four sub-areas: coastal, plain, foothills, mountainous and Central plain. In this article, the sample houses studied in the western area and in the three sub-branches of foothills, plains and coastal plains have been selected in a purposeful way and research has been done based on them. The purpose of  this research is to develop the boundaries of knowledge, to identify and introduce the desirable body of sociable architecture, and to search for the social relationship between humans through space and architectural body. The examined physical elements include four elements, a room on the ground floor, an Ivan, a Telar and a room on the upper floor, which were examined from the foothills to the plains and coastal plains. The research method used in this descriptive-analytical research is based on a case study, and the space syntax method and "A-graph" analytical-statistical software were used to analyze the data. Also, the findings show that in the comparison of physical elements, the porch in the sample of Sahel has a high level of connection, which makes it the most interactive element of the physical space.

Planning to achieve sustainable development by using the evaluation of ecological capacity in order to choose the best places for development, is a new approach that nowadays, has attracted the attention of urban and regional planners and is considered as an important factor to achieve it. In this research, using the integration of network analysis process and geographic information system, the ecological potential of urban development in Shabestar city has been evaluated in order to determine the suitable areas for this purpose. In order to achieve the goal, first the effective criteria in urban development were identified according to the research conducted and experts' opinions were collected through the Delphi method, and finally 7 criteria and 11 sub-criteria were selected. Then, using the pairwise comparison method, the importance of the criteria was determined relative to each other, and the criteria were weighted using the network analysis process. Finally, the information layers needed in the GIS environment were applied to them based on the fuzzy logic of valuation and the obtained weights, and the ecological power map was obtained using the weighted superimposition of the layers. The results obtained from the research show that 28% of the area of Shabestar city has completely adequate capacity, 24% has adequate capacity, which indicates the high capacity of the region for development. These areas mainly include the southern part of the city, which extends from east to west. On the other hand, only 14% of the area is completely unsuitable and 17% is designated as unsuitable, which includes the northern heights of the city. Based on these matters and according to the final classification map, it can be concluded that the favorable areas for the future physical development of Shabestar city are mostly in the southern part of this city.

The environment can be the origin of spatial perception, recognition, influence and behavior. Different groups using collective spaces have needs and behavioral patterns and create different behavioral bases. Considering the duality of the body and the current behavior in behavioral camps, also considering the impact of cultural components and the change of some of them over time periods, the perceptual framework of humans and finally the type of behavior also changes, this leads to the emergence of New behavioral patterns in the use of the body spaces left before and finally change the shape of the body. The purpose of this research is to identify and compare the most important common behavior patterns in the Refah market and old bazaar in Sanandaj in non-identical behavior locations. The approach of this research is qualitative and descriptive-analytical, and it was carried out in two stages; the first stage is a review of the theoretical foundations and the background of the research, the data was collected by documentary method, in the second stage, field studies with a qualitative approach, case study method combined with ethnographic method were conducted. Causal-comparative strategy has been used in some parts of the research. The results show the effect of co-constructing factors on the creation of new behavioral patterns in the use of store collective spaces; Compared to the bazaar, chain stores are places with low sociability, low permeability, high concentration, anonymity of space and instability in some activities, lack of appropriate human scales and lack of effective factors in stimulating the five senses.

The purpose of this research is to compare the architectural features and structural components of government-public buildings of the first Pahlavi period and the second Pahlavi period in Tehran. Since in the present research the influencing factors and theories of contemporary architecture in Iran are studied and investigated, on the one hand, the research was theoretical and on the other hand, the results obtained from the above research can be used as a strategy to improve the current state of architecture. It is also a type of applied research. Also, the nature of the research is analytical-historical because it is devoted to the investigation of historical phenomena and the influence of contemporary architecture, and on the other hand, considering that the phenomena have a qualitative aspect, they were examined and analyzed. In this regard, the components of cognitive construction as subsets of Pahlavi era architectural features were scored and weighted with Topsis software. According to the points obtained, the national, archeological and western indicators with an average percentage of 39.9 were placed in the first place among the first Pahlavi indicators. Also, the component of the use of native and historical elements along with Islamic motifs, which is under the traditionalist index, has the first rank of the components of the cognitive construction of the first Pahlavi period, with a Ci value of 0.459. Also, the modern indicator with an average percentage of 41.35 was ranked first among the second Pahlavi indicators. The component of the use of Iranian-Islamic geometry, which is under the traditionalist index, has taken the first place among the components of the cognitive construction of the second Pahlavi period with a value of Ci 0.455.

Undoubtedly, Allameh Tabatabai is one of the greatest philosophers of the school of transcendental wisdom in the present, he tried a lot in explaining the theoretical framework and interpretation of this wisdom, and on the other hand, has thought and meditated a lot on the social aspects and the relationship between society and the individual. It is remarkable. In most of his works, he expressed what and how the relationship between the individual and society is, which shows the importance of the subject for him. He believes that individuals and human society cannot be separated, and the necessity of being human is to be social, and a person reaches happiness, excellence and perfection when he is in society and has an active presence in it. This is important and vital for every member of the society regardless of whether they are men or women. This research with a qualitative approach, using the foundation's data conceptualization strategy, has examined the individual, society and the ideal city from the perspective of Tabatabai in the form of reviewing his authored books. The research method was qualitative and based on analytical-descriptive strategy based on library studies. Paying attention to the community while paying attention to the individual, social nature of man, attention to individual and social reason, cooperation and cooperation of society, the role and place of women in society and the collective movement towards perfection among citizens are some of the special issues of this philosopher's attention. Famous has been favorable for the individual, the community and the city. The main emphasis of the community and the ideal city in the thinking of this thinker is to monitor the progress of improving attention to the material and spiritual life of citizens and sufficient attention to spiritual and spiritual affairs in urban spaces

In recent years, in addition to humans who have caused damage and destruction to the environment in various ways, other crises such as the water crisis, which has been very serious in the last century, have made this problem more complicated. In urban environments, green spaces are effective in creating a lively and encouraging environment for citizens, But according to this crisis raised in the world, these spaces in the city must be managed in an effective way. On this way, urban agriculture as a suitable approach in urban planning can largely solve the problems caused by environmental crises and lack of food security. Therefore, the unused spaces in the cities are suitable places to implement this approach, if we combine urban agriculture with modern scientific methods, it can be very efficient in the present era and in the direction of increasing Quality of urban life and empowerment of people in cities. This research is of an applied type and its investigation method is descriptive-analytical and based on field studies, library studies, experts' opinion and the opinion of residents of Punak neighborhood. According to the results of this research, which were obtained through the Delphi method and binomial and Friedman tests (spss), urban agriculture has increased social participation in the neighborhood of Punak, and in this regard, it can be seen from the social capital of this neighborhood. By using its effects, the mental health of the residents, especially women and the elderly can be achieved and also the proper use of abandoned and empty lands increases the quality of public spaces and improves security in the neighborhood.

One of the most beautiful traditional gardens in Iran is Shahzadeh Mahan Garden. This garden has been registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and as an example of Persian gardening, it has a special importance and position at the international level. The purpose of this research is to explain the components of Foucault's heterotopia through spatial reinterpretation in Shahzadeh Mahan garden. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the structure and concept of heterotopia in Shahzadeh Mahan garden and extract native components. The research method used is comparative descriptive research method, which examines library documents. This article tries to answer the main research question: That is, "How are the components of heterotopia objectified in the definition of Shahzadeh Mahan garden?" The findings state that in this place, the ultimate material is elevated to spiritual infinity. The main result of this article can be summarized in the placement of the Persian garden with objectivity to the heterotopias of memory, presence, inclusive society, cultural, value-oriented and nature-oriented, for the spiritual presence of man. Therefore, the possibility of heterotopia is a place attachment and the formation of an emotional relationship with the place of the garden.

Architectural relics and evidence form a significant part of the findings and results of archaeological excavations. Along with other buildings, the architectural heritage of land consists of structures obtained from archaeological excavations, historical contexts, and architectural traditions left over from past periods. An undeniable necessity in archaeological excavations and studies is to pay attention to architectural heritage. However, given the speed of action, time, and financial limitations in this type of excavation, when the discussion of salvage excavations is raised, the possibility of the loss of architectural evidence becomes more important. Given the importance of architectural relics and evidence in archaeological excavations, based on the results of salvage excavations in the Piranshahr Gerd-i-Gouran[1]site, the present article has tried to evaluate how archaeologists interact with architectural heritage, especially in salvage excavations. Consequently, taking into account influential assumptions such as 1) lack of priority for architectural studies, 2) lack of attention to salvage excavation requirements, 3) failure to use the expertise of architects in archaeological teams, 4) lack of attention to spatial archaeology approaches and 5) inadequacy of excavation level with research needs, it has tried to verify the exact lack of efficiency of new technologies and other compelling cases. Finally, suggestions have been presented to improve the study methods, documentation, and more detailed introduction of architectural heritage in salvage excavations. The current research method is historical and comparative-analytical, and the collection of information was done in a library style, using archaeological reports and approaches. 

Today , the national educational system allows the admission of non - local students , which helps form environments called student dormitories . The residents of these dormitories not only acquire new experiences and interact with others , but also expect the environment to provide their privacy like the house does. A large number of students who have to go to cities other than their home in order to study and educate , often choose the dormitory environment to settle . Because they have stayed there for a certain period of time and they have to leave after graduation . They are separated from their family environment by going to dormitory and faced new people and a culture different from their own in that environment . In fact , this accommodation which is compulsion and selection is desirable when a person can adapt with new environment; since new studies indicate that living environment and especially the changes which may happen in it can be called the determinants in the mental and emotional state of individuals . Because student housing is not only considered as a shelter for students , but also it should provide an environment for their academic , mental and personal development. One of the crises students in these environments face is their need for an appropriate environment conducive to life with furniture, especially a structural space . Because the study of human behavior relies on studying the environment of that behavior , this research deals with student preferences at the dormitories about , the furniture required in rooms , and their environmental conditions from an architectural and psychological perspective. This is because students need not only educational and research environments but also a desirable space to live to have a healthy life quality. Therefore, after providing research background and theoretical framework, as well as different definitions and studying the problems of students in dormitory environments and analyzing influential factors on users' satisfaction with room space , the results of two dimensions of environment and architecture and furniture required for students ( including the type of room and bedroom furniture , the type of study furniture and the use of closet, the color of furniture ) and environmental psychology area ( including the feeling mental quietness , crowding, personal solitude , feeling comfort , security , friendly atmosphere ; the feeling of being at home , want to remain the door open , tendency to do group work ) were analyzed and finally the intended research model was extracted. Thus , this study aims to determine interior-design architectural strategies at student dormitories in proportion to male students’ spatial behavior based on the furniture in these spaces. The population of the research consists of 123 resident students at two dormitories. A questionnaire containing two groups of items includes students’ preferences about the environment, architecture, and furniture. Results suggested that students , without regard for the costs , choose the type of dormitories based on the highest personal space , the least crowdedness , and the most appropriate conditions for study and rest. In the meantime , they choose the interior design the furniture which is economical, simple , natural multi -purpose , and durable , in addition to being light, applicable, and flexible .