نشریه علوم ورزشی و توان رزم
پیاپی 7 (بهار و تابستان 1402)

Justice is considered as a basic need for athletes. The purpose of the present study was to compare the views of female and male athletes of sports teams in Basij districts of Mashhad city on the observance of justice and its relationship with the motivation of sports progress.

In this descriptive-comparative research, 102 athletes (56 boys and 46 girls) from a selection of sports teams in the Basij districts of Mashhad city were selected as research samples and they answered the standard questionnaires of Niehoff and Moorman's organizational justice and Gill's motivation for sports progress. Using Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of the tool was 0.87 for organizational justice and 0.84 for sports motivation. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data.

Findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between perceived organizational justice and motivation for sports development. The component of interactive justice had the most power to predict the motivation of sports progress and then distributive justice had the most power to influence the motivation of sports progress.

The results, while confirming the findings of other researchers, showed that the sports officials of Basij districts can strengthen the motivation of the athletes and provide the basis for their sports development by observing justice among the athletes based on gender.

The present study was conducted to compare perfectionism, mental toughness, and aggression of combat athletes and military commandos.

The statistical sample includes 74 male athletes from Tehran clubs (regions 5, 9, 22) with more than seven years of sports experience in ten combat sports (karate, taekwondo, wushu, kickboxing, boxing, judo, wrestling, Kyokushin, hapkido, Kung Fu). Also, 78 special commandos of the 65th Brigade of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran with more than seven years of experience were selected by random and subjective sampling method. Three standard questionnaires were used: Sports Mental toughness (Golby & Sheard, 2009), Multidimensional Sports Perfectionism-2 (Kalatos et al., 2010), and Competitive Anger and Aggression (Maxwell and Morris, 2007).

There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean age and sports experience. The findings also showed that the variables of anger, aggression, total anger, personal criteria, importance by mistake, coach pressure, and overall perfectionism of the commando group were significantly higher than the combat athletes' group. However, there was no significant difference between sports mental toughness and its subscales between the two groups.

The present findings emphasize that the psychological variables of this study were not affected by combat sports. However, perhaps the environment, type and severity of training, or personality traits of the commandos caused a higher degree of aggression and perfectionism.

The purpose of this research was to design a model for sport for all development through gamification for the military forces.The research is of qualitative sort that was conducted using grounded theory. The research population included all sports elites, experts in the field of gamification in the army, physical education and academic boards of physical education and sports sciences, and 15 of them were selected by snowball sampling. Findings Causal factors (being attractive and novice for employees, students and soldiers, employees and students getting tired of the common methods of sports training, increasing the participation of employees, students and soldiers in sports) led to attend to axial phenomenon (increasing the motivation to participate in sports and improving health employees) and strategies for developing brand equity (designing appropriate gamification applications, creating a sense of confidence by compensating, appropriate financial and non-financial awards, fairness in granting and gifts) with regard to intervening factors The difficulty of designing appropriate gamification, the prohibition of using cell phones and Internet in caserns, the lack of availability for undeveloped areas and frontier units) and existing fields (applicability for all ages, annual sports tests and the exigency to preserve the readiness of employees) , applicability for all ages), will have positive consequences (increasing the motivation of employees to participate in sport for all, increasing health and physical fitness, necessary physical preparation to participate in local and foreign competitions and events) for the army caserns in line with sport for all development.

The aim of This study was to design a special physical fitness test for Iran's ground forces. After designing the initial test pattern, its validity and reliability were assessed. Based on the initial model, according to military requirements, three physical fitness tests of Ranger, Armored and Pedestrian forces were designed and the validity of the tests were evaluated. independent t-test was used to determine the structural validity of the initial model of physical fitness test and Pearson correlation was use to determine validity and reliability of the tests.The result showed significant difference in tie of initial physical fitness test between newly enrolled military personnel and the trained military personnel (P≤0/ 043). and significant correlation between the twice times of the initial physical fitness test (r = 84%). The results showed significant correlation between the time of physical fitness test and physical fitness score in ranger (r = -53%), armored (r = -48%) and pedestrian forces (r = -65%). Conclusion The results showed, the primary model due to distinguish difference between newly enrolled personnel from trained has critical validity and due to the appropriate correlation between the two times has apropprate relibility. The results also showed that there is a good correlation and validity between the time of special physical fitness tests and the physical fitness score of Rangers, armored carriers and pedestrians personnel. Therefore becous of this result it seems provided tests have the ability to determine the special physical fitness of Rangers, armored carriers and pedestrians personnel.

Today, it is known that to win championship titles, especially in shooting, in addition to physical fitness factors, specific physical characteristics are also effective in a person's success that in medical and sports sciences, it is called anthropometry. The question is whether, in principle, anthropometric characteristics could be related to the accuracy of shooting with a Kalashnikov in a supine position.

The statistical population of this study is male students between 18 to 27 years old in a military university that 300 people were selected by random sampling method. Selection of professional and amateur groups based on shooting scores, from the highest and lowest scores, 30 people each were selected. Research tools include meters, calipers, calipers, and standard targets.

The results showed that the variables of superior and non-superior hand length, superior and non-superior palm length, arm bone length, superior and non-superior forearm length, and superior index finger length of shooters were related to their shooting accuracy.

It was found that in strong individuals some length measures were related to shooting score, although in some variables this relationship was not significant. It can be a conclusion that the height of a part of the limbs for shooting can be considered a privilege.

Maintaining combat readiness for the military is essential to improving the performance and ability to defend the country. L-Arginine supplementation has a positive effect on physical function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of L-arginine supplementation on Army Combat Readiness Test (ACRT) and anaerobic power in the military.

Twenty male military volunteers participated in the study and were randomly divided into two groups of 10 L-arginine and placebo. Before and 12 weeks after supplementation, subjects performed the ACRT and anaerobic tests. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Significance level was considered p≤0.05.

The results showed that L-arginine significantly decreased the ACRT test time (P = 0.001) and significantly increased anaerobic power (P = 0.027) compared to placebo.

This study concludes that 12 weeks of L-arginine supplementation can increase combat power and increase anaerobic power and thus improve physical performance in the military.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physical fitness on efficiency of predaceous fighter pilots of the Army Air Force to provide scientific solutions for improving their quality.

18 predaceous fighter pilots of the Army Air Force participated in this study in two groups with different levels of efficiency. The physical fitness tests (aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, agility, flexibility, muscular endurance, muscular strength, blood pressure and heart rate), body composition and mental health of all personnel were measured. Data analyzed by Spss 23 version and independent t tests.

results indicated that there is a no significant difference between two groups in Muscular endurance, agility, aerobic capacity, body mass index, percent body fat, flexibility, anaerobic capacity(P>0.05)

physical fitness fighter pilots of the Army Air Force with the increase in productivity was maintained in optimal level with experience within military units. This indicates that the amount of sport activity of Air Force units has been able to maintained physical performance of military personnel in optimal level.

The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a meritocracy indicators model for the physical education managers of the country's Basij Moghavemat club based on Iran's Islamic pattern of progress.

Due to the qualitative and exploratory nature of the subject, the qualitative research method was based on data type and Glaser (1992) method was used. The statistical sample of this study included 16 managers of the country's Basij resistance clubs and faculty members of university sports management, and sampling continued until theoretical saturation was achieved.

Data were coded using open, axial and selective three-stage coding methods and the results of open coding identified 224 marks in three areas of individual competence (attitude, behavioral and intelligence), value (organizational and Islamic) and professional (knowledge, skill and Managerial) led. Codes related to research components include individual competence including attitudinal indicators (self-confidence, work conscience, positive thinking, Iranian and Islamic identity, comfort and hope), behavioral indicators (disciplined, self-control, organizational dynamism, independence-seeking and transcendentalism, Art of expression, competitiveness, commitment), and indicators of intelligence (emotional, cognitive, managerial), value competencies including organizational indicators (ethical, justice-seeking, value-creating, program-oriented), Islamic indicators (trustworthy, pious, self-sacrificing) , Being thankful and believing, believing), and job competence including skill indicators (interactive, participatory, entrepreneurial and innovation, detente), knowledge indicators (knowledgeable, expedient and wise, legitimacy, information technology and professionalism), and Management indicators (financial, administrative, human resources, leadership, marketing, communication, health, conflict management, critique, creativity, decision-making and negotiation).