نشریه پژوهش های کارآفرینی
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 5، پاییز 1402)

Securing adequate financial resources is the primary challenge of entrepreneurial ventures in their establishment and growth. Initial coin offering, an innovative entrepreneurial fundraising method, caters to this critical need, but its success depends on acceptance by the public, similar to crowdfunding. Trusting such a radical innovation faces resistance, making the initial coin offering's success, diffusion, and institutionalization contingent on legitimacy and widespread reputation. Although numerous studies have explored the success factors of Initial Coin Offering (ICO), only a few have utilized the potent legitimacy theory in cryptocurrency-based crowdfunding, which bridges societal values and financial technology. Consequently, this research aims to identify and prioritize the cognitive legitimacy sources contributing to the success of blockchain-based business token offerings, essentially examining how startups can gain legitimacy to secure capital successfully. The research is an applied study that adopted a practical and qualitative approach and was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 26 cryptocurrency investors and experts. Data was analyzed through thematic and content analysis methods by adopting the grounded theory coding approach, which led to the identification and prioritization of 13 cognitive legitimacy sources. The results reveal that "extensive information disclosure by the business" and "adequate investor knowledge of the initial coin offerings" are the most legitimizing cognitive legitimacy sources. This study's findings and recommendations offer valuable insights for academic researchers, entrepreneurs, regulators, and digital currency investors.

Due to the atmosphere of global competition and the changes and transformations that are rapidly occurring in today's world, companies create the conditions for technological entrepreneurship to secure their survival. In the meantime, companies that can develop the business intelligence of their employees, especially in the marketing and sales units, the key units of every company, and can create a kind of coordination and integration between the main units will be successful. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the impact of marketing intelligence on technological entrepreneurship with the mediating role of business intelligence. The research is an applied study in goal and a descriptive and correlational study in methodology. The statistical population of the research is all the Azaam Auto Parts Group (AAPG) employees, numbering 630 people. The sample size was determined to be 242 using Morgan's table. They were selected based on the stratified random sampling method. A standard questionnaire was used to measure the variables. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by diagnostic, convergent, and divergent validity, and its reliability was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The research model was tested using structural equation modeling in LISREL software. The results showed that marketing intelligence significantly affected technological entrepreneurship and business intelligence in the AAPG. Also, the positive and significant relationship between business intelligence and technological entrepreneurship was confirmed. Finally, marketing intelligence and technological entrepreneurship intensify by the variable of business intelligence. If business intelligence increases, the effect becomes stronger, and if it decreases, this relationship becomes weaker.

Despite the importance and necessity of the agricultural sector and emphasis on it as the main axis of development, the contribution of the agricultural sector in the development and economic prosperity of Iran is decreasing day by day. One of the most important programs and approaches in this field is the promotion and development of agricultural entrepreneurship and businesses among the actors of the agricultural sector, especially the graduates of universities and agricultural higher education institutions of Iran; Because graduates of agricultural fields, as subject experts, can play an important role in the development of new innovations and technologies and, as a result, in the development of agricultural entrepreneurship. In this regard, the present study was designed and conducted with the main goal of investigating the impact of academic majors on the entrepreneurial intention of agriculture students in Isfahan province. The statistical population of the research included all agricultural students in universities and institutions of higher education in Isfahan province, The main tool of the research was a standard questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by subject experts and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the variables of entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial subjective norms, and perceived entrepreneurial behavioral control had a positive and significant relationship with the entrepreneurial intention of agriculture students. In addition, the results of the multivariate analysis of variance showed the impact of academic majors on the entrepreneurial intention among agriculture students; So, the entrepreneurial intention of the students of agricultural extension and education was higher than the entrepreneurial intention of the students of plant breeding. In this regard, it is recommended to revise the courses and topics of different agricultural fields with an entrepreneurial approach and make entrepreneurship and business courses mandatory for all agricultural fields.

The company's value creation for shareholders, customers and even the society is created through the optimal efficiency of the value chain, and entrepreneurial orientation in the company, including innovation, has a significant impact on improving the performance of the value chain and, as a result, creating a superior competitive advantage and the success of the company in a completely dynamic business environment. The meaning of the company's value chain is the activities and six stages, namely Research and Development (R&D), Design, Production, Marketing, Distribution and Customer Service. Based on this, in the current research, the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the efficiency of the company's value chain and its market value has been investigated. The statistical population of the research includes all the companies listed to the Tehran Stock Exchange, which were selected as a statistical sample using a screening of 127 companies and were investigated in a ten-year period (2012-2021). Three dimensions (innovation, risk-taking, and proactiveness) were used to measure entrepreneurial orientation and the efficiency of the value chain was also measured using accounting data and the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) in Stata 14 software. To measure the market value of the company, Tobin's Q index was used. The results of the multivariable linear regression showed at the 95% confidence level, entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on the efficiency of the value chain and Tobin's Q index of the company. On the other hand, the efficiency of the company's value chain also improves the Tobin's Q index. In addition, the results of the mediation analysis showed that the efficiency of the company's value chain has a mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and Tobin's Q index of the company.

Economic policy uncertainty imposes irreversible effects on economic phenomena, so it is necessary to avoid its consequences. One of these phenomena is entrepreneurship. Therefore, examining the impact of economic policy uncertainty on entrepreneurship requires careful modeling. This paper uses a fuzzy regression model with symmetric coefficients in the GAMS program environment to investigate the effect of the uncertainty of fiscal, monetary, income, and exchange rate policies on entrepreneurship in Iran for the 2008-2021 period. The results show that reducing uncertainty in monetary, exchange rate, income, and fiscal policies have the greatest impact on the rate of entrepreneurship, respectively, so that by increasing and decreasing uncertainty of these policies (membership degrees of 0.1 and 0.9, respectively), the entrepreneurship index is equal to 8.985 and 80.623, reflecting that entrepreneurship increases sharply with increasing uncertainty in economic policies. On the other hand, the results of estimating the right and left widths show that entrepreneurship has potential in Iran’s economy, and by adopting appropriate monetary and exchange rate policies, the entrepreneurship index will rise sharply and will be in the right-width position. The results of this study are also significant in prioritizing the impact of economic policies on increasing entrepreneurship, including monetary policies that are more effective than other economic policies in achieving the goals of economic planners to reduce unemployment.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of tourism entrepreneurship on the rural development of the rural areas of Rijab District. Kermanshah province, in which several factors influencing the development of this area through entrepreneurship tourism were analyzed. This study was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population was composed of the villagers of Rajab District (N = 6700), and 259 of them were sampled for the study using Bartlett et al.’s table. The measuring instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were checked and confirmed by the KMO test, Bartlett's test, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results of the factor analysis showed that the most significant positive effects of the arrival of tourists in rural areas include infrastructure development (variance: 35.41%), economic and welfare development (variance: 21.84%), and development employment (variance: 13.20%). The destruction of the business environment (variance: 9.35%) can be mentioned as one of the most important negative effects. Field surveys in the rural areas of Rajab District also revealed that rural tourism in these areas is underdeveloped and that some measures to develop rural tourism entrepreneurship are expanding amenities and services, empowering villagers, strengthening physical infrastructure and extending the government’s support for entrepreneurship and rural tourism, fostering a positive view on the development of rural tourism, raising psychological empowerment, teaching the customs and traditions of the villagers to the tourists, improving social security, and improving the belief and attitude toward tourism.