نشریه سیاست پژوهی تحول در علوم انسانی
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1401)

Empiricist researchers since 19 century changes foundation and meaning of science. If Earlier, all of knowledge_ Rational, inspirational or empirical _ were in area of science. After the Enlightenment and empirical interpretation of science, The only valid reference for testing the truth or falsity of a proposition was sensory experience. Empiricist researchers after Developing an epistemological and Methodological logic for natural Science, Tried to extend it to social sciences. This article first into a short and concise form explains empiricism and positivism and change, evolution and Extension history of them and then analysis and explains Theodor Adorno's criticism views of empirical research and its transfer to the social sciences (As one of the original members of the school Frankfurt) and finally shows that: why From the perspective of Adorno we should not extend empirical methods to social sciences? And basically, What is the danger of transfer of the methodological foundations of natural/empirical sciences to social sciences?

In order to improve their social and economic conditions, different societies need to provide grounds for growth and development, and one of the factors affecting the growth and development of any country is the transformation in the country's scientific structures. The research method of this article is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method is library and documentary. The purpose of this article is to identify and examine the obstacles to the scientific development of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the framework of the theory of neo-institutionalism. In this article, while examining the theory of neo-institutionalism, structural factors such as the multiplicity of decision-making centers in the matter of scientific development, a little look at researches and scientific articles, the structure of universities and the regulations for the promotion of professors, and political factors such as the influence of political tendencies in The selection of presidents of universities, faculties and professors, the policy of quantitative expansion of universities and the way of attracting students, especially in graduate studies, are mentioned as obstacles to Iran's scientific development. Reforming the decision-making structure and by-laws, along with avoiding factional and political views on scientific development and universities, as well as creating scientific and research poles, can provide the basis for the scientific development of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Knowledge management is everything that the organization needs in order to perform its duties and activities. Education is one of the most important organizations in any political system, which is responsible for the education and training of ethics as the most valuable individual characteristics in society. The purpose of this research is to identify and rank the barriers to applying knowledge management in education and breeding.The research method has been done in a mixed way. The statistical population was selected purposefully and based on Morgan's table, 82 people from the education managers of the 4th district of Tehran. The data collection tools were library studies and semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part and researcher-made questionnaires in the quantitative part. Validity and reliability were confirmed in form and content and Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was done through a sample T test and TOPSIS technique was used for identification and ranking.The findings of this research showed that based on the main indicators, under the criterion of not encouraging and encouraging people to create new ideas in the organizational culture, lack of authority for people to make decisions in the organizational structure, the lack of compatibility of people's jobs with their education in human resources, The inefficiency of hardware and organizational communication networks in information technology and the lack of developing strategies for knowledge-centered organization in the index of strategy and leadership are the main obstacles to the application of knowledge management in education and breeding.

Today, the competitive advantage among different countries is to be a leader in foresight. However, factors such as natural resources, knowledge and human power also affect different competitions between countries. But these factors alone do not open an important knot. In order to promote indigenization of development, countries are implementing a project as institutional mapping. In the institutional mapping, all influential organizations and institutions are counted in foresight. In the next step, the role of each element is discovered and the relationship between them is critically examined. By reconsidering the existence and role of discovered elements as well as the relationship between them, with the intention of advancing the country in foresight, there are suggestions for promoting the indigenization of development. Knowledge-oriented humanities have been carried out in the country's police force. Based on a systematic framework, the factors and components affecting the preparation of knowledge-based human resources for the future of the police force have been explained and determined. The results of the research indicate the relationships governing the factors and components affecting the preparation, knowledge-oriented human resources in the future of the police force (Naja) and the explanation of the theoretical resources of future research with an emphasis on knowledge-oriented human resources, which is the most prominent strategic resource of the police force. It helps the country's law enforcement, managers and future researchers of human resources.

Since terrorism is one of the most fundamental problems of the world community and the most dangerous threats against the rights of nations and international stability, it is one of the issues that has always been of concern from the point of view of the world's minds and unfortunately no effective norms have been established to fight against its violation. The occurrence of violence and extremism is caused by the commission of terrorist crimes, which often faces challenges. Therefore, the fight against violence and extremism caused by terrorist crimes can be reached when, in many international challenges, especially the threats caused by terrorist crimes, the governments, while agreeing on the fight, while assisting and cooperating with international organizations, bridge the gap through Consensus in accepting international documents to achieve a world free from any insecurity and threats. In addition, today, the fight against violence and extremism as a missing link in international challenges and norms requires more attention to the fact that this not only led to the elimination of national and international anomalies, but also by implementing the ideals and principles stipulated in the United Nations Charter. It provides the conditions for the realization of peace.

The origins of current international relations theories are rooted in western developments, thoughts and attitudes. Therefore, the issue of the feasibility of the emergence and emergence of new non-western ideas is one of the issues that has been the focus of thinkers and scholars in the fields of political science and international relations. In this research, the authors have tried to emphasize the capacities and necessities of establishing the theory of Islamic international relations, and therefore the main question of this research is, what are the grounds and necessities of establishing the theory of Islamic international relations? The findings show that the relationship between religion and theories of international relations under the framework of western theories cannot be indicative of the true nature of the theory of international relations from a religious perspective, especially Islam, and considering new developments and the role of religion in international relations, it can be said that the necessity of establishing a theory Islamic international relations can be considered as a new theory according to Islamic foundations and sources. The research is descriptive-analytical and collected with library documents.