فصلنامه نوآوری های آموزشی
پیاپی 87 (پاییز 1402)

The present study was conducted as a query on the themes of the primary school sixth-grade Farsi textbooks according to the components of teaching gratitude. It was an applied research in terms of purpose and mixed-methods in terms of method with content analysis design. The research population of the study included all the texts, poems, stories, pictures, and activities in the primary school Farsi textbooks (721 pages in sum), edition 2020. The research instruments included the primary school Farsi textbooks, Adler & Fagley’s (2005) eight components of teaching gratitude, and the categories extracted from the components of teaching gratitude which were identified according to Mayring comparative content analysis. Experts verified the identified categories after several validity checking. Also, the reliability of the categories was calculated at 82% using the Scott coefficient. Data was analyzed via the Shannon Entropy Method. According to the findings, 1265 themes were identified in primary school Farsi textbooks. The highest frequency was related to the component of focusing on the possessions and the lowest frequency was related to the component of suffering/loss. Moreover, according to the results of Shannon’s entropy analysis of the importance coefficient, the components of teaching gratitude were in the following order from the highest to the lowest degree of attention: religious ceremonies, appreciation, focus on the possessions, astonishment, comparison (social comparison, self-comparison), present moment, suffering/loss and interpersonal. The results showed that the components of gratitude and their categories haven’t been paid attention to, appropriately in Farsi textbooks.

This study was on the qualitative content analysis of the visual effects of Iranian seventh-grade textbook "English @ School: Seed". This book is part of the "English @ School: Seed" educational package, which has been outsourced in line with the multi-authored discussion of the fundamental reform document of education. It was a qualitative research with content analysis design. First, based on the aesthetic theoretical foundations, the approval of the national curriculum document, as well as the two checklists of Yazdānmehr and Shoghi (2014) and (Rahiminezhad, 2014), the intended components were extracted. The reliability and validity of these components were examined by experts at the universities. After their accreditation and validity review, the components of the research included "appearance design", "cover design", "typography", "artistic effects", "page layout" and "cultural elements". The research sample consisted of all the visual effects of the student textbook and 12 experts. The textbook content was analyzed based on the validated components. Findings indicated that the most significant shortages of this book include the weakness in the viewing angle and composition of the photos, and incorrect selection of some methods of illustrations, specific to adults. And the relatively appropriate page layout is the greatest strength of this book. Therefore, it is necessary that the photos to be taken again according to the characteristics of the 7th grade student with a suitable viewing angle, simple composition, and a point of emphasis, and all the images should be photographed using a method that has flat colors and no chiaroscuro processing, while keeping the lines simple.

The present study was conducted to investigate the typology of orientations of primary school teachers towards virtual education during the Coronavirus pandemic. To this end, the qualitative approach of descriptive phenomenology was used. The research population included all primary school teachers in Qeshm, of whom 31 teachers were selected as the sample by purposive and theoretical sampling. The research tool consisted of semi-structured interviews. The criterion for selecting the participants was having at least three years of teaching experience in the face-to-face education before the pandemic. Data was analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step coding. To validate the findings, two strategies of member check and peer debriefing were used. According to the findings, the types of orientations of primary school teachers towards virtual education were as follows: Avoidant-harmful, deficit-insufficient, contingency-realistic, and supportive-experimental. Findings showed that the factors of role image, educational context, and structural, and infrastructural barriers have played a significant role in the formation of this orientation.

The purpose of this study was to design a teacher professional development model to play a leadership role in primary schools. The research population consisted of all university experts, school principals, and teachers of Guilān province. Using a purposeful sampling method of snowball type, 12 university experts, school principals, and teachers wereselected and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. After the interviews, their transcripts were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique. In this research, the credibility of the findings was checked through accurate and regular description of the processes of data coding and analysis, and their written and visual representations. Also, the Delphi technique was used to validate the research model, and a binomial test was used to analyze the results. The results of the qualitative section of this study showed that in order to avoid wasting the teachers' energy and capital, they are expected to improve their abilities in the four personality dimensions: Management ability (with 6 components),developmental perspective (4 components), collaboration (5 components), and impact and influence (10 components). Also, the schools are expected to make efforts on teachers' professional growth and development (four components). In addition, the results of the validation of the research model showed the sufficient validity of this model. In contrast, the two components of "creating a critical environment" and "playing the role of mentor" did not have enough validity.

The purpose of this study was to develop a brain-friendly classroom management training package and considering its impact on the students' academic procrastination and educational emotions. It was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test control group design. The research population included all Lorestān nomadic first grade students of the first cycle secondary schools (19 schools). The research sample consisted of students of the four schools who were selected from among 19 schools, using a simple random sampling method. Then, they were assigned to the experimental (20 students) and control groups (18 students). During 8 sessions (each 90 minutes) in 2 months, the teachers of the experimental group schools taught the students using the training package that was designed and validated in advance, and they also implemented brain-friendly classroom management guidelines in their classroom. During this period, the class of control group students was managed in a traditional way. The data collected through Pakran's academic emotions questionnaire (2005), the academic procrastination questionnaire of Solomon and Rothblum(1984) and the short form of the five-factor personality questionnaire of Neomccurry and Costa(1992) were analyzed using the statistical tests of analysis of covariance and paired samples t-test. Findings showed that implementation of the educational package has significantly (P<0.5) reduced the negative emotions and academic procrastination of students and increased their positive emotions; although, the stability of the effect of the educational package on the students' positive emotions was not confirmed in the follow-up test.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of flipped teaching method on the self-directed learning and self-efficacy of Farhangian University students. It was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test control group design. Among the 100 students of women's campus of Farhangian University of Bandar Abbās branch (including 5 classes) in the first semester of the academic year 1400-1401, who were passing the course on the application of information and communication technology in education (2), 40 students were selected and they were randomly assigned to 2 classes of 20 students as control and experimental groups. In order to collect the data related to the self-directed learning and self-efficacy, the standard self-directed learning questionnaire of Fisher et al. (2001) and the self-efficacy questionnaire of Scherer and Maddox (1982) were used. To analyze the data, multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS software (version 24) were used. The results showed that the flipped teaching method has a positive and significant effect on the self-directed learning and self-efficacy of students. This means that the flipped method leads to an increase in the students' self-direction and self-efficacy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of e-teaching of teachers and their information literacy and to predict the academic discouragement of female first cycle secondary school students in Ābdānān. It was a descriptive survey research. The research population included all teachers and female first cycle secondary school students in Ābdānān. The research sample consisted of 65 teachers, who were selected by census sampling. Also, 278 students were selected by the convenience sampling method based on the Morgan table. The research tools included a reliable researcher-made questionnaire evaluating the quality of e-teaching (α = 0.81). The content validity of this questionnaire was checked using the views of educational departments, experienced teachers, and professors of the curriculum group. Also, the content validity of the information literacy questionnaire was approved by the education experts and its reliability was also verified (α =0.83). Furthermore, the education experts approved the content validity of the academic discouragement questionnaire, and its reliability was also verified (0.81). Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between the total score of the quality of e-teaching and the level of academic discouragement of the sample group (r=0.632). The highest amount of correlation among the mentioned components are as follows, respectively: student satisfaction, teacher satisfaction, learning effectiveness and finally the opportunity to access the learning environment. In contrast, no significant relationship was observed among the cost efficiency and organizational commitment components with academic discouragement (p>0.05). Also, among the five components, the most amount of explanation is related to the component of the ability to understand the legal cases of the use of information. After that, there were the components of the ability to critically evaluate information, the component of the ability to use information purposefully, and the component of the ability to effectively access the information, respectively, all of which were of significant values (p<0.01).