نشریه فناوری و گیاهان دارویی ایران
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 8، بهار و تابستان 1401)

Yarrow as a medicinal plant belongs to the family of Asteraceae that its' essential oils are used in health and pharmaceutical industries. In the present study, in order to evaluate and comparethe quantity and quality of essential oils of flowering shoots and individual plant parts (flowers, leaves and stems), Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch plants were collected in flowering stage from the Qushchi in Urmia in West Azerbaijan province during June 2017. After drying the plant, the essential oils of the organs were carried out using Steam-distilled Clevenger. The Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was used to analyze the essential oils. The results showed that the different organs differ in terms of percentage and essential oils composition. The highest oil yields were obtained from flowers (0.70%) and flowering shoots (0.62 %), leaves (0.50%), respectively and the lowest oil yield was obtained from stems (0.16%). Totally 22 essential compounds in flowering shoots, 12 essential compounds in flower, 9 essential compounds in leaves and 7 essential compounds in shoots were identified. The compounds of Camphor, Camphene, Borneol, 1.8-Cineole, Beta-Eudesmo, Alpha-Pinene and Caryophyllene oxide were the dominant components of the essential oils of organs. According to the results, the use of flowering branches are recommended for essential oil extraction due to the presence of higher percentages and more essential oil compounds.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of edible coating (aloe vera gel) on the quantitative, qualitative, sensory and microbial properties of nectarine. The variables include the type of coating in 6 levels (the sample without coating as a negative control, the sample treated with the fungicide imazalil as a positive control, concentrations of 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/l of aloe vera gel) and storage time at 5 levels (zero, 6, 12, 18 and 24 days after harvest). Fruit coating was done by immersion method. During the storage period, chemical , physicaland antioxidant properties were measured. The sensory attributes (color, smell, texture and overall quality) and microbial contamination (total count and total number of mold and yeast) of different samples were evaluated at the end of the storage time. The results showed that during the cold storage time, the red-green color value, the amount of weight loss and the percentage of TSS increased, and the amount of TA, tissue firmness, TPC and DPPHsc decreased. The amount of TPC and antioxidant capacity was higher in samples with higher concentration coating. In the samples with higher concentration of aloe vera, the destruction of ascorbic acid and microbial contamination was less. Also, according to sensory evaluators, coated samples had a higher score. Therefore, it seems that the use of aloe vera coating has a good ability to maintain the quality of the nectarine fruit and can be considered as a healthy and effective treatment.

Erynjium is a herbal medicine that is used in the treatment of diabetic patients. In this research, optimization of the extraction of bioactive compounds from Erynjium plant was done with the help of ultrasound waves (with constant intensity and for 5, 15 and 20 minutes) using three types of solvents: water, ethanol (99%) and ethanol (80%). Erynjium plant was completely ground and mixed with solvents at a ratio of 1 to 3 at ambient temperature and the extract was extracted within 24 hours and the extraction process was repeated with fresh solvent. The extracted extract was desolvated at a temperature of less than 45 degrees Celsius and tests were performed to determine the extraction efficiency (percentage), the amount of phenolic compounds, FRAP and DPPH, in three replicates. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and mean comparison (Duncan's test at 5% level). The results showed that water solvent and 20 minutes of ultrasound significantly produced the highest amount of extract (11.21%). 80% ethanol during 20 minutes of ultrasound resulted in the extraction of the highest amount of phenolic compounds (96.77 mg/g), free radical uptake (1.96 mg/ml) and the highest FRAP (918 micromol FeIII/L). The results showed Performing the ultrasound process for 20 minutes and using 80% ethanol solvent resulted in extracting the extract with the highest antioxidant power.

The vase life of cut flowers is one of the most important quality characteristics of cut flowers, which is considered in determining the value of flowers and evaluating new cultivars. Plant essential oils are natural anti-microbial substances, and with the use of these compounds, the life after harvesting of plant products such as fruits, vegetables and cut flowers increases. In order to evaluate the effect of cumin essential oil on increasing the shelf life of rose cut flowers, this experiment was conducted. The study was implemented with three concentrations of cumin essential oil (100,200 and 300 mg/liter) and in three times (5, 10 and 15 days) with three replications. In zero concentration as control treatment, cut flowers were treated with distilled water. Based on the obtained results, the main effects of using different levels of cumin essential oil on different traits of roses showed a significant difference at the level of 5%. In the investigation of the main effects of the treatments, different characteristics of roses, including relative fresh weight, ratio of fresh weight to dry weight of petals, flower diameter, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, anthocyanin content, catalase and peroxidase enzymes activity, water content, soluble sugar content and the absorption rate of the solution showed the highest average in the application of cumin essential oil at the rate of 300 mg/liter, and the lowest average of these traits was related to the control (no use of cumin essential oil).

The ethanolic extracts of saffron petals (100, 500 and 1000 ppm) were added to soybean oil and water-in-soybean oil emulsion. The oil samples along with control- (without any antioxidant) and control+ ( 100 ppm of BHT) were kept at 25 and 50 C for 10 days, The peroxide value was measured every day. The oxidative stability was evaluated by Rancimat, at 120 C. The 1000 ppm extract was able to slow down the oxidation process like a synthetic antioxidant. Saffron petals ethanolic extract ,1000 ppm, had the highest induction period (13.4 hours) without a significant difference with BHT. Soybean oil containing saffron petal extract at a concentration of 1000 ppm at 25 and 50 C(with 13.5 and 39.58 milliequivalent grams o2/ kg oil, respectively) showed the lowest peroxide value. The interaction effect of concentration and oil system showed that the highest amount of peroxide was in the treatment of 100 ppm concentration of the emulsion system and the lowest amount of peroxide was related to the concentration of 1000 ppm of the oil system. The interaction effect of all treatments showed that the oil system had a significant effect on the amount of peroxide number, so that the peroxide number in the emulsion system was more than that of soybean oil, and the negative control treatment (and 100 ppm extract (with 20.89 and 19.74 milliequivalent oxygen per kilogram of oil, respectively) in the emulsion system and a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius had the highest peroxide number.

Microgreens are small and edible vegetables, smaller than greens and bigger than sprouts. Microgreens, as a rich source of nutrients and antioxidants, have gained a special place in the healthy nutrition of humans in recent years. These plants grow as small, compact greens, reaching a small height in just a few days, but despite their small size, they contain the richest sources of nutrients. In this project, the content of macro and micro elements and compounds of antioxidants in basil, watercress and radish microgreens have been investigated. The concentrations of nitrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium in watercress microgreens were 4.81, 0.98, 5.93, 0.52, 0.95 and 1.95%, respectively. The amount of chlorophyll in watercress microgreen was 1.12 mg/g, which was significantly higher than basil microgreen (0.02 mg/g) and radish (0.87 mg/g). The highest amount of antioxidant and phenolic compounds were respectively (75.35% and 73.45mg/100g) in shahi microgreen, which was significantly higher than basil microgreen (69.66% and 69.02mg/100g) and radish (65.37 % and 69.45 mg/ 100 g) were more. The highest amount of vitamin C was found in watercress microgreens (65.67 mg/100 g) compared to basil (59.56 mg/100 g) and radish (55.46 mg/100 g).

This research was carried out with the aim of producing functional reduced fat cream containing natural gums. The gums used included tragacanth at two levels (0.3 and 0.4%), olibanum at two levels (0.2 and 0.3%), and Farsi at two levels (0.5 and 0.7%). . The amount of cream fat was set at 15%. Watering amount (grams), viscosity (centipoise) and sensory texture were measured for each of the treatments. The results were analyzed in the form of a completely random design with 3 repetitions of analysis and average comparison. The results showed that the highest viscosity was observed in the cream sample containing 0.4% of tragacanth, 0.3% of olibanum and 0.7% of Farsi gum. Also, the amount of watering in this treatment was observed in the lowest amount. Finally, the sensory test of the texture showed that according to the judges, this sample had a more suitable texture. According to the results, production of low-fat cream containing 0.4% of tragacanth, 0.3% of olibanum and 0.7% of Farsi gum are recommended.

The rangelands of Kurdistan province in Iran cover 1,182,214 hectares, equivalent to 1.4% of the country's rangelands, 10% of the Zagros rangelands, and about 40.5% of the province's total land area. There are currently 115 families, 660 genera, and 2350 species of plants in the Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center's herbarium (HKS). With more than 200 plant species with medicinal properties, Kurdistan province holds a special place in the Zagros and the country. Through the cultivation and domestication of these plants in educational, extension and research farms, officials and individuals can gain a better understanding of planting medicinal plants and the many opportunities these plants provide for income generation and employment. The purpose of this study was to identify the obstacles and challenges associated with the development of plantations of medicinal plants in Kurdistan province by conducting interviews with local operators and experts (30 stakeholders). It was found that the main challenges and obstacles to the development of medicinal plants in Kurdistan province and in the country are as follows: 1) A lack of or absence of government financial support for medicinal plants and modern irrigation systems (with a relative weight (RW) of 99.33%), 2) International economic and banking sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran (RW=96.67%), 3) Weakness in the area of commercialization and the development of transformation industries (RW=94.67%), 4) Inadequacies in the promotion of medicinal plants in Kurdistan province and throughout the country (RW=90.67%), 5) The lack of standards for the development, production, and processing of medicinal plants (RW=84%), 6) Lack of branding and presence on international markets (RW=70%), and 7) The low degree of mechanization in the production and processing of medicinal plants (RW=62.67%). It is therefore possible to increase the production the plant industry by increasing government financial support, increasing the knowledge of producers, providing the basis for exporting processed products, increasing added value through branding and processing, and reducing production costs as a result of mechanization in production, packaging, and processing.

This experiment was carried out in order to evaluate eight different populations of marigold and to introduce the superior population in saline water conditions and in the form of a completely randomized block experimental design with three replications at the Pardisan Agricultural Research Station of Qom in the years 2017-2021. Morphological traits and yield components of seedlings were measured during two years. The resulting data were subjected to composite variance analysis and mean comparisons. Based on the results, a significant difference was observed between the populations under investigation in terms of all traits at the level of 5% error probability. In 2019, the highest height of seedlings, crown diameter and number of buds per plant were observed in Kashan 1 population and the highest freshness of seedlings was observed in Baluchistan population. . In this year, the longest and shortest length of flowering period was observed in Fars 2 and Kashan 1 populations, respectively. In 1400, the highest seedling height and canopy diameter were observed in Kashan populations 2 and 1. The highest number of buds was recorded in Balochistan and Kashan 2 populations. In terms of the weight of the whole flower and the freshness of the seedlings, no great variation was observed between the populations. Only 32 days after the beginning of the new year, flowering began in the communities of Kashan 1 and Baluchistan. In total, the populations of Kashan 1 and 2 were recommended for the development of cultivation in the saline lands and water.

The Ranunculaceae is a dicotyledonous plant, some of its genera have special morphological characteristics. This family includes 5 subfamilies Glaucidioideae, Hydrastidoideae, Thalictroideae, Coptidoideae and Ranunculoideae. The genus Ranunculus is the largest genus in this family, which has a wide range in terms of morphology, ecology and life cycle. This genus has the ability to survive in different environments and has been the subject of historical evolutionary research from the past until now. After Europe, China is the richest region with Ranunculus genus. In this genus, there are important chemical compounds in the category of flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroid saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, organic acids and fatty acids, esters, sterols and other compounds that are found in different parts of the plant. to be Until today, about 60 genera of Ranunculaceae have been reported in Iran, which are in Anemoneae, Delphinieae, Adonideae and Ranunculeae tribes and are scattered in different regions of the country.