فصلنامه روان شناسی کاربردی
سال هفدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 68، زمستان 1402)

Effectiveness of educational and therapeutic programs in interventional studies, need the initial evaluation of the program which is provided in the feasibility study. The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed review of the feasibility study and its components, as well as to provide a scale for researchers to evaluate the feasibility of psychological programs and protocols.

First, according to the feasibility components, a checklist was prepared in the form of 54 questions. After compiling a checklist to examine the content validity ratio and content validity index, 12 experts were selected using the purposive sampling method and scored the appropriateness and necessity of each question.

The appropriateness of the questions was obtained from 0/83 Up to 1, and the results of S-CVI/ UA and S-CVI/ Ave and Cronbach’s alph showed that the present checklist has a high content validity index and reliability.

Feasibility studies are critical to the successful implementation of randomized controlled trial interventions as one of the important studies to support the effectiveness of the intervention and provide strong evidence for the acceptability of an intervention and its implementation in the long term.

The present study was conducted with the aim of providing a peace model of suicidal tendency based on the initial incompatible schemas with the mediating role of problem solving styles in adolescents of Ilam city. In this research, the descriptive-correlation method with the type of structural equation model was used, the statistical population of the research included all the teenagers (age range 13 to 18 years) of Ilam city in the period of the first six months of 1401, based on the statistics of the Ilam city registry. There were 14384 people. In order to estimate the sample size from Cochran's formula, a sample of 374 people was determined and selected in two stages of stratified random sampling (by gender) and multi-stage sampling. The measurement tools included Beck's Suicidal Thoughts Questionnaire (1999), Young and Brown's Standard Schema Questionnaire (2001), and Hepner and Petersen's Problem Solving Styles (1987). For data analysis, structural equation model and path analysis were used with the help of SPSS and AMOS software. The findings showed that the primary maladaptive schemas directly and through the mediation of problem solving styles are effective and explainable on the tendency to commit suicide in adolescents in Ilam city. As a result, problem-solving style skills can play a decisive role in the impact of early maladaptive schemas on the tendency of adolescents to commit suicide.

This study aimed to examining the effective factors in the formation of somatic symptoms disorder in people with complex post-traumatic stress disorder.

The approach studied in this research was qualitative and based on grounded theory. A number of 15 people with somatic symptom disorder and complex post trumatic Stress Disorder in the age of 18-60 years old in Tehran city, who were willing to interview and cooperate, were selected by the purposeful sampling method until reaching theoretical saturation. These people were investigated using a semi-structured and in-depth interview. Data analysis was done according to the method of Strauss and Corbin (2014) and using MAXQDA software.

Based on the findings of the research, open codes around 89 concepts, axial codes including 8 concepts and selective codes in 4 concepts including causal factors (destructive family interactions), contexual factors (child's emotional-cognitive characteristics), Intervening factors (passive parenting-idealistic parenting) and strategies (child's behavioral-cognitive strategies) were idendified.

Children's cognitive, emotional and behavioral strategies in response to childhood truma (destructive family interactions and destructive parenting) are effective in the formation and continuation of somatic symptoms disorder. Therefore, for the prevention of somatic symptom disorder in children, it is possible to improve the destructive family interactions, and in the treatment of adults with somatic symptom disorder, it can be used from effective strategies of regulating one's emotions, thoughts and change in one's interactions.

Aim:

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion efficacy therapy on psychological hardiness and parental burnout of mothers with autistic children.

Method :

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The statistical population of this research included all mothers with autistic children who referred to Dasthaye Mehrabani School (Darya) in Isfahan in 2022. Thirty mothers were selected by purposive sampling method based on the entry and exit criteria and randomly replaced in two intervention and control groups (15 people in each group). Both groups before and after the intervention and 2 months later, in the follow-up phase, were given research tools including the Psychological Hardiness Inventory by Kobasa, Maddi and Kahn (1982) and the Parental Burnout Assessment by Roskam, Brianda and Mikolajczak (2018). The experimental group were treated based on emotion efficacy therapy in 8 sessions of 2 hours, but no intervention was done on the control group. The collected data were analyzed using MANCOVA. 

Results: 

Emotion efficacy therapy was effective on psychological hardiness and parental burnout (p< 0/05), and the effect of this change remained stable until the follow-up stage (p<0/05).

Conclusion :

Emotion efficacy therapy can be used to increase psychological hardiness and  decrease parental burnout among mothers with autistic children.

Parenting is a difficult and stressful experience for all parents, and it becomes more complicated for parents of exceptional children. Therefore, the purpose of the current research was meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of mindful parenting in parents of exceptional children. The present research was meta-analysis type. The statistical population of this research was articles published in valid internally and externally scientific and research journals in the field of mindful parenting. The internal criteria for the present meta-analysis include having the necessary conditions in terms of methodology (research method, statistical population, sampling method, measurement tool and its validity and reliability, statistical analysis method), the appropriateness of the research topic with the effectiveness of mindful parenting interventions on parents of exceptional children, and experimental or semi-experimental nature of any research. Therefore, articles were extracted from reliable Persian and English databases, and finally 15 articles, which included 11 Persian and 4 English articles, were selected based on internal criteria. The impact of mindful parenting for parents of exceptional children was significant and the combined effect size was 0.58 at the combined significance level of p < 0.01. Therefore, it can be concluded that the effectiveness of mindful parenting training for parents of exceptional children is moderate (close to high).

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of disgusting sensitivity in the relationship between temperament dimensions and panic disorder.

The present research design is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study was all students of Urmia University in the academic year 2017-2018, of which 377 were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Students completed Temperament and character Inventory (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck,1993), They completed The Disgust Scale((Haidt. 1994) and the The Panic-Associated Symptom Scale( Liebowitz, 1984). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. Smart-PLS software has also been used to classify, process, analyze data and test research hypotheses.

In the present study, the indirect path coefficient between the reward dependency (p <0.01, β = -0.309) and perseverance (p <0.01, -0 = 0.096) was significant with negative panic disorder at the level of 0.01. Indirect path coefficient between harm avoidance (p <0.01, β = 0.013) with panic disorder was positive and significant at the level of 0.01.

These findings confirm the role of Temperament in causing panic disorder and indicate the increasing attention to biological principles in the treatment of panic disorder. The present proposed pathological model can also help to better understand the role of disgust in psychological trauma and the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapies in people with anxiety disorders, including panic disorder.

This study's aim was to compare the effectiveness of Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy and schema therapy on depression and anxiety in mothers with autistic children.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control and follow-up group for three months and the statistical population included all mothers of autistic children in educational and rehabilitation centers in Tehran in 2020. 45 people were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy sessions and schema therapy were held in 12 sessions of 60 minutes, individually, one session per week. Subjects completed Beck Depression Inventory (1996) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (1998) in the pre-test-post-test and follow-up stages. The data of the present study were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that both intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy and schema therapy had reduced depression and anxiety compared to the control group and this effect was stable in follow-up (P<0.01). But intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy has further reduced depression compared to schema therapy. In contrast, the effect of the two treatments on anxiety at the level (P> 0.05) was not significant.

It was concluded that intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy is a more effective method to reduce depression in mothers with children with autism compared to schema therapy.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of metadiagnostic, mindfulness, and dialectical behavior therapy with cognitive behavioral therapy on the psychological inflexibility of pain in people with chronic pain associated with emotional problems. The research method was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up plan with a control group. The research sampling method was purposive. In the quantitative part, the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used. The results showed that the effect of the measurement time, the interaction between the measurement time and the group, and the effect of the group on the average scores of pain avoidance, cognitive fusion and flexibility The psychological intractability of total pain was significant. The average scores of pain avoidance and total pain inflexibility in the combined treatment and cognitive behavioral therapy groups were significantly lower than the control group, but the combined treatment group was better than the control group. Cognitive behavioral therapy had no significant difference. The mean cognitive fusion scores of the combined therapy group were significantly lower than those of the cognitive behavioral therapy groups. Combined therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy can be used as functional therapy to reduce the psychological inflexibility of pain in people suffering from chronic pain accompanied by emotional problems. Therefore, it is suggested to use these treatments in patients with chronic pain.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Yoga training on aggression of students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The research method was semi-experimental, pre-test/post-test and two-month follow-up with the control groups. Statistical population of 60 male students 7-12 years old in Zahedan, who were referred to Counseling Centers in 2018-19 academic years and using the questionnaire of Children Symptom Inventory, Gado and Sprafkin1994؛ were screened. 40students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder who had high levels of aggression at the same time, after reviewing clinical interviews, selected by purposive sampling method  and randomly replaced into two experimental groups (20 students) and control group (20 students). The Bass & Perry Aggression Questionnaire (1992) and Yoga Training Program were taught to the experimental group for 16 sessions of 45 minutes in 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using mixed variance analysis with repeated measurements.

Results indicated that the effect of yoga training on general aggression (F = 21/24, P = 0.001), physical aggression (F = 13/70, P = 0.001), verbal aggression (F = 10.41, P = 0.001), Anger (F = 7.86, P = 0.008), and hostility (F = 5.43, P = 0.026) at the posttest stage, and this effect was sustained at follow-up.

The results showed the effect of yoga education on reducing aggression in patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. As a result, planning  to use yoga is essential in children, and therapists can use yoga to reduce aggression in children.

The significant increase in fascination with celebrities and social media platform like Instagram in recent years have led to questions about the characteristics and emotional expression patterns of  followers and users.  The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the difficulty in emotion regulation and celebrity worship with the mediating role of Instagram addiction. All students enrolled at public universities in Tehran during the academic year of 1402 made up the statistical population of the study. Of these, 462 men and women were chosen via student social networks. The Celebrity Attitude scale (McCutcheon et al., 2002), the brief version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (Bjureberg et al., 2016), and the Instagram Addiction scale (Andreassen et al., 2012) were used to collect data and were examined using the structural equation modeling method. The results demonstrated that the celebrity worship has a direct and significant association with the difficulty in emotion regulation, with the Instagram addiction serving as the mediator of this relationship. (β= 0/048, p< 0/05). The research findings suggest a link between emotion regulation problems and an increased fascination with celebrities. Moreover, the use of platforms like Instagram can further facilitate this connection by providing more opportunities to engage with celebrities and develop parasocial relationships.