پژوهش نامه فرهنگ و رسانه (نامه فرهنگ و ارتباطات)
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 12، بهار و تابستان 1401)

Video games have become a popular form of entertainment among different groups of people around the world so that the game industry has become a high competitor of Hollywood movies. War as the old sign of hostile relationship among people has become the main theme of many video games in order to attract more audiences. Research on how Iranians and Muslims are represented in video games has become important because the games have become a hegemonic tool for manufacturing consent about American military actions in Islamic countries. Most Iranian research studies about representation of minorities in video games have used research methods such as discourse analysis, narratology and semiotics. These methods cannot explain how new media technological features in comparison with non-interactive media represent minorities. Our research method contributes to Iranian research studies about representation of minorities in video games. In this research, we have analyzed structural characteristics of popular video games such as “Battlefield 3”, “Splinter Cell: Black List”, and “Call of Duty: Modern Warfare” to explain how game features are used for representation of Muslims and Iranians as terrorists. We have also analyzed political video games such as “America’s Army”, “Kuma/war” and “America’s Army 2: Special Forces” that are manufactured by American military organizations for recruiting American young people in military organizations. We found that antagonists’ appearance, names and cloths are used to represent Iranians and Muslims as terrorists. Political oppsitions between Iranian and Islamic countries with U.S.A are represented as protagenists’ missions

With the unimaginable expansion of the Internet and the rise of virtual social networks, human relationships in cyberspace have become very complex. That is why we are definitely facing a sudden expansion of relations between men and women, which makes it very difficult to control. The growth trend of this phenomenon among Shiites and Iranians has also had an incredible upward trend.Islam, on the other hand, is the most perfect divine religion. Therefore, it is expected that it will answer all the questions and doubts that arise in the present age, especially with the advancement of science and technology. Cyberspace and the Internet environment have created many doubts and questions in the field of sharia, which in this study tries to answer some of these doubts and questions.This article aims to explain the religious framework of intimate relationships in cyberspace. To achieve this, the jurisprudential titles related to the relationship between men and women are extracted in the virtual environment and then the rulings of those titles (which are actually related to the real world) are taken from the existing fatwas and istifta'as of contemporary jurists. Finally, an attempt has been made to mention what can be an example of such titles in virtual social networks, so that the audience of such networks is confused and understands the scope of the relationship between men and women in terms of Shiite jurisprudence.

In a conventional economy, market performance is assumed to be optimal, but for reasons such as market failure, market efficiency is taken away, in which case the government enters as a solution to deal with market failure. But then the government itself fails. One of the main causes of government failure is human self-interest. Our method in this research is based on library information and documents and analysis of documents. The results show that the views of Martyr Sadr and Motahhari are different, so that the view of Martyr Motahhari on the relationship between religion and individual and social interests is minimal and the view of Martyr Sadr is maximum. In a concrete model of Islam, using the framework of religious commands and prohibitions, and providing indicators for moral selection based on the religion of the agents of the Islamic State, puts the social interest in the scope of individual interest, thus failing to fail. The government opposes.

 The present study, entitled "The principles and components of communication of Imam Hussein(AS) in civilization during Ashura", is research with a qualitative approach that seeks to achieve the communication plan of Imam Hussein(AS) in the year 61 with a new look at the phenomenon of Ashura which the Almighty God has drawn for that Imam Hussein to answer that question that what the principles and components of communication of Imam Hussein were in civilization during Ashura.The necessity of conducting this research has been in two ways. First, so far no research that has relied solely on the text of history itself and has been far from personal analysis which has been conducted on Ashura. Second, in order to reach the communication model of Imam Hussein, basically no research had been recorded and conducted. so the Grounded Theory method was considered suitable for this research.The researcher first has examined the civilization of the prophets in the Qur'an and the Five members of Al-Abba in the history of Islam to define the path of civilization . While, it was the turn of the history of Imam Hussein through which the 31 sources of Ashura, were carefully analyzed to extract the communication propositions of Imam.Finally, after extracting and classifying the propositions and analyzing them, the datas were classified into the following two categories:1) Principles and communication components of Imam Hussein in speech(21 subgroups): For example, "Invitations", "Prayers and Curses of the Imam", etc.2) Principles and communication components of Imam Hussein in behavior(5 subgroups): For example, "Imam's apparent awe", "Speech and principles of persuasion", etc.