فصلنامه ایمنی زیستی
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1401)

One protected horticultural method against biotic and abiotic stresses is shading covers. Using shading cover to reduce the damage of this stress can change the plant's microclimate and, subsequently, the final product's quality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of shading cover on grape quality. The grapevines were subjected to shading cover cloth with green color from March to September for two years. In the first year of the experiment, a shading cover with 50% shade was used for Bidaneh Sefid grape variety, and the result indicated that this percentage of shade reduced the final fruit quality. In the second year of the experiment, 20% shade was used for Bidaneh Sefid and Bidaneh Ghermez varieties. Results showed that this shading percentage improved the physical properties of the fruit, especially in the Bidaneh Sefid variety. Soluble solid content, titratable acid, and vitamin C of both grape varieties were not affected by 20% shade. Like 50% shade, total phenol and antioxidant capacity were decreased by 20% shade in both grape varieties. Further research for different shade percentages on different crops and cultivars in every climate will be necessary to develop shading cover technology for horticulture crops in Iran.

Fish is extremely perishable as a result of rapid microbial growth naturally present in fish or from contamination. Synthetic preservatives are widely used in fish storage to extend shelf life and maintain quality and safety. However, consumer preferences for natural preservatives and concerns about the safety of synthetic preservatives have prompted the food industry to search for natural preservatives. Most bacteria in this group are known to be safe and probiotics are consumed by humans as dietary supplements. The antagonistic and inhibitory properties of lactic acid bacteria are due to different factors such as the competition for nutrients and the production of antimicrobial metabolites such as organic acids (prevailingly lactic and acetic acid), hydrogen peroxide, and antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins). It seems that maintaining the quality of seafood by probiotic bacteria is also related to their antioxidant properties. This review deals with various aspects related to maintaining the quality of seafood by lactic acid bacteria.

Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically target bacteria. Due to their wide abundance in nature and easy isolation from different environments, as well as concern about antibiotic resistance, recently there has been a great interest in using bacteriophages in the treatment of bacterial infections. Also, many studies have been conducted on the application and use of bacteriophages in various industries, including the food industry. However, before using phages, it is necessary to prove that they are safe and harmless, and if necessary, determine the legal requirements for their use. While to date studies of phage therapy have generally been shown to be safe, still, there isn’t a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between phage and the human host.

Awareness of the long-term adverse effects of chemical pesticides has led to the use and acceptance of less harmful approaches and alternative applications such as biological methods as promising and sustainable methods for managing plant diseases and pests. The production of agricultural biocontrol agents in each country is carried out according to the laws and instructions of the agricultural organizations of that country and enters the market according to specific rules and through different stages to obtain a license. In Iran, the implementation and monitoring of the laws related to the production of agricultural biocontrol products are carried out under the supervision of the Plant Protection Organization and the cooperation of several other organizations. In this article, an overview of the importance of using biocontrol agents in the agricultural sector and the stages of obtaining a license and production and how to supply to domestic markets is given.