نشریه پژوهش های نوین در مطالعات علوم انسانی اسلامی
پیاپی 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Lorestan province in the west of Iran is always known as one of the ancient regions and human settlements in the Paleolithic era. Based on the information obtained from the archaeological excavations in the caves of Khoramabad and Kouhdasht in the last few decades, the history of settlement in Lorestan province reaches about 100000 years ago and the Middle Paleolithic period. In the archeological survey that was recently conducted in the Mian-Kouh region of Pol-e Dokhtar county, evidence of artifacts belonging to the Lower Paleolithic period was identified from 15 sites. This period, for which a history between 1800000 - 250000 years has been considered, is very important in the archaeological studies of the world due to its connection with the time, route and dispersal of the early human beings. At all, 153 stone tools from these sites discovered, include; chopper, chopper-core, core, handaxe, cleaver, trihedral pick, borer, scraper and flack were found, which according to comparative typology belong to the Lower Paleolithic period. The importance of these findings in the archaeological researches of the Iranian Plateau is very high, because until today, this number of significant stone tools has not been reported from the introduced Paleolithic sites of Iran, which shows that Lorestan province can be one of the important areas and habitats of early humans on the way of dispersal out of Africa.

Irony means humor, sarcasm and showing conflicting aspects of a text or work, which often causes laughter. Irony is also used as a visual technique in the narrative or form of a visual work. In this article, irony in three paintings of the Shiraz school of painting and in particular the Al-Inju period is examined because it is believed that the social conditions of the Mongol rule caused Iranian artists to use illustrations and books. Arai have expressed some concepts ironically and ironically. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to introduce the components and applications of irony, and the other is to analyze the quality of irony in the content and form of three illustrations of the illustrated Shahnamehs of the Al-Injo period, including "The imprisonment of Zahak by Fereydon", "Death of Chahar Hamdel Ki Khosro" and "Accusation". Soudabeh to Siavash. The research material is derived from library data and is based on descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the research show that paintings are more capable of ironic analysis in which the main subject is faced with deep and absolute conditions such as death or a dangerous situation that leads to death. In all the examined pictures, there was an element of taste and structural irony and situational irony were used in them.

Astronomical rights impose huge costs on the society, and at the same time, due to their complex form, it is difficult to discover and pursue them. Therefore, a decisive criminal policy is required. This research is based on the library method and the answer to the main question: How is the criminalization of astronomical rights in Islamic jurisprudence? It seeks to explain the criminalization of astronomical rights from a jurisprudential point of view. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and the data was collected by taking a sample. According to the findings of the research, in Islamic law, wages are compared to work. In Islamic sources, three categories of livelihood - function - material, social and psychological needs are mentioned regarding the payment of employee's and worker's salaries. The sanctity of one's property against wrongdoing and the sanctity of cooperating with one another is one of the most important Shari'a bases for the criminalization of astronomical rights in the present era, and based on these bases, any unlawful act is prohibited according to the rule of "Al-Tazir Lakal Haram" and the punishment that the Islamic ruler takes into account the circumstances. And the sensitivity of the subject applies is one of the status effects of receiving astronomical rights. Human reason forbids the entry of any kind of harm, and this kind of prohibition, according to the provisions of the no-harm rule, has an effect on the prohibition of astronomical rights, so that human reason, along with fairness, considers astronomical rights out of custom and He considered it to be contrary to the astrological function of the receivers and considered such receipts as a crime, and since the rule of justice, respect for system disruption, and the principle of trustworthiness fight against betrayal, cruelty and disorder, he considered astronomical rights as examples of betrayal, oppression and system disruption and Astrologers are considered traitors and disrupters of the economic and political security of the society.

Muhaddath Jazaeri (1112-1050 AH), one of the prominent Shiite scholars and a special student of Allama Majlisi, has many works. He has spent most of his academic life learning and writing in the field of hadith topics and has the foundations and thoughts of hadith and jurisprudence. Based on his religious principles, he wrote all the asanids of the two books of Tahhib al-Ahkam and Astabsar of Sheikh Tusi based on the term of diversification of hadith of the later generations, in addition to the comprehensive explanations he wrote on those two books under the titles of "Ghaya al-Maram", "Maqsood al-Anam" and "Kashf al-Asrar". Validated. The present research has analyzed and explained his most important principles and presented the flaws and shortcomings of his work. Not being satisfied with specific confirmations and believing in some general confirmations, as well as benefiting from narrative fame, practical fame, and acceptance as evidence to ensure the issuance of hadiths are considered among the foundations and thoughts of his majal. Despite the fact that he has put all his efforts in validating hadiths, his work is not without mistakes and shortcomings.

Knowledge of rhetorical sciences plays an important role in understanding the nuances and subtleties of the Qur'an. One of the sub-branches of the science of semantics is the discussion of "brevity, atnab and equality" which has long been of interest to rhetoric scholars, in such a way that some of the technical scholars have limited rhetoric to this discussion. Therefore, various theories have been presented in enumerating the types of ijaz, ropes and equality, and this feature is more prominent in the definition of ropes and enumeration of its types. The present article, with descriptive-analytical method, after referring to several books and first-hand rhetoric, has provided a complete definition of atnaab and its types and has extracted complete evidence of the cases of atnaab in the last third of the Holy Quran, in order to provide a suitable platform for empowering The audience should be provided with the practical and easy application of atnaab in this part of the Qur'an and its application in its appropriate place.

Proclus is one of the most important Neo-Platonists who lived in the fifth century BC. He is one of those who contributed to the systematic compilation and explanation of the Neoplatonic system and worldview. The main problem of Proclus is the same problem as that of Plotinus and other Neo-Platonists, that is, the research on how multiplicity arises from unity. Like Plotinus, Proclus accepts the theory of mediums in relation to unity and plurality, but offers a different interpretation of it. Although Allameh Tabataba'i is one of the prominent philosophers of Sadra, nevertheless, as a result of his deep reflections on the verses of the Qur'an, he developed new views. He has raised in various theological fields. Proposing the problem of the relationship between one and many is one of the prominent points of his thinking, which explained the relationship between one and many by relying on one and the attributes of one. The present essay tries to compare the ways of solving the problem of singular and multiple conjunctions with respect to Uhud and the attributes of Uhud in the thought system of Proclus and Allameh Tabatabai while examining the attributes and characteristics of Uhud and the reasons for proving Uhud in the thought system of Proclus and Allameh Tabatabai.

The word "Lam" is used in the Holy Quran in terms of morphology, syntax and rhetoric with different meanings. The correct understanding of its role and meaning removes the veil from the beautiful face of the meanings of the Qur'an, because Lam Jareh has nineteen meanings and uses, Lam Jazemeh has six different meanings, and Lam Naseba has three different meanings and uses, and the passive Lam is also They are used with three different meanings in the Holy Quran. In this research, the above-mentioned topics have been investigated with numerous Qur'anic evidences in the second fifteenth part of the Holy Quran based on the method of analytical narration and scientific research, so that respected Quranic users and researchers can find out that the letter "Lam" in the Holy Quran has meanings. It is different, and by looking deeply into the meanings of this word, they can reach the original meaning and meaning of the Qur'an and infer the ruling of the verse according to the case.

Defamiliarization, which is making unfamiliar and alienating what is familiar, is one of the pillars of the Russian formalism school. This term is one of the pillars of aesthetics and prominence of any literary work. The relationship of defamiliarization with the topic (the problem of words contrary to the requirement of appearance) to express the benefit of the Holy Quran from linguistic possibilities and aesthetic methods of creation is the goal that this research tries to use descriptive-analytical method and by mentioning examples of ten components. the middle of the Holy Qur'an to achieve it. The importance of examining this issue in the Holy Quran is that it makes the prominence and beauty of this divine book, which is approved by everyone, even clearer. Defamiliarization arising from norm-avoidance can be seen in the Holy Qur'an. Most of the existing norm avoidance is related to the problem of words contrary to the requirements of the appearance, especially alfatah and heart, syntactic norm avoidance. This issue has been done in the Holy Quran with the aim of further implying the divine purpose and delighting the audience.

In this article, from a cognitive point of view, we have investigated those conceptual metaphors that are made using body parts. For this purpose, firstly, the definition of conceptual metaphor and its difference with the tradition of metaphor study was discussed, and then, within the framework of conceptual metaphor and conceptual schemas, some conceptual metaphors containing body parts were examined. Is. The results of the research show that many conceptual metaphors are made using body parts - which are mainly used as the source area - to explain abstract concepts. Also, due to the dominance of the religious culture that governs the Quran, the target areas are mostly related to religious concepts and Quranic teachings.

The Umayyads were considered one of the influential clans in Mecca, which increased their power day by day due to the weakness of Bani Hashem, and in a wide-ranging process and by implementing various policies, they were able to become the main power in the year 41 AH. become the Islamic world. The present research aims to answer this question by descriptive-analytical method and also by using the main sources, what were the grounds and causes of Umayyad influence and gaining power in the history of Islam? The findings of the research show that the Umayyad party was influential in the course of the Saqifa Bani Saadeh, falsifying facts, deception, greed, opportunism, putting pressure on Bani Hashem and lobbying during the period of the first three caliphs, Hudah and They gained political power through trickery in the case of arbitration and then martyrdom of Imam Ali (a.s.). At the same time, the change in the spiritual and cultural condition of the Islamic society after the death of the Prophet (PBUH) and the departure of the people from true Islam and the acceptance of fake hadiths prepared the social and cultural grounds for the Umayyad party to gain power.

Stakeholders of commercial companies are individuals and groups in the company that affect the continued existence, plans and goals of commercial companies and in turn, the decisions and performance of the company affect them. For this reason, the theory under the title of stakeholder theory was proposed by thinkers so that through this theory, the stakeholders of commercial companies will be more supported and noticed by the companies. Now, the issue that needs to be investigated is who are the interested parties and groups in commercial companies? And what is the meaning of stakeholder theory? In the upcoming research, which has been compiled using a library and analytical method, we have identified the stakeholders of commercial companies, including shareholders, employees, environment, society, etc. take into consideration the interests of all interested parties and groups so that the interests of the company and interested groups are on the same path and balance between them and finally the company is run for the benefit of all.

After humans, animals are one of the most important creatures whose rights have attracted the attention of human societies more than any other creatures. One of the issues that has been given special attention in the Holy Quran is the issue of animals, considering its diverse spectrums, including domestic and wild animals, birds, insects, aquatic animals, and reptiles from different perspectives, such as the way of creation, practical benefits, and miraculous aspects. (such as Saleh's donkey (pbuh) and the cow of Bani Israel) and evidences for resurrection (such as Uzir Nabi's donkey (pbuh) have been looked at. In a general division, animals are divided into three categories in Surah Noor Mubaraka: 1- Reptiles: ﴿Whoever walks on his belly ﴾(Noor/45); 2- bipedal animals: ﴿Whoever walks on legs ﴾(Noor/45); 3- Quadrupeds: ﴿Whoever walks on all fours ﴾﴾(Noor/45) and 4 - Another group of animals that joins this division are aquatic, such as fish and noon (whale). In the present research, we intend to investigate and analyze the linguistic and rhetorical aspects by mentioning some of the verses that contain the word "Anaam". Let's discuss the lexical and perhaps the epistemic manifestations of this word with many connotations and a wide content.