نشریه مطالعات سیاسی - اجتماعی تاریخ معاصر ایران
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1401)

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of public libraries on reducing social harm. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and survey research in terms of method. The statistical population of the research was the members of the public libraries affiliated to the institution of public libraries of Tehran in the period from October 2021 to October 2022. The total number of members of public libraries in Tehran was equal to 42185 people. Based on Cochran's formula, 379 people were selected as the research sample. The data collection tool included two questionnaires of public library services and attitude to social harms. Finally, the data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22. The research findings showed that the use of public libraries led to a reduction in social harms and the more users who visited the library, the more aware they were of social harms. have more and have avoided social issues. According to the results of the research, it seems that public libraries have succeeded in creating a critical view of social harms, but their performance needs to be strengthened and more attention should be paid to this area. In addition, in dealing with social harms, people with an approach of seeking information and expanding knowledge and having a precise and regulated framework have less tendency towards social deviations. By providing effective and useful services in the society, public libraries can solve many problems related to social deviations, including reducing suicide, divorce, theft, etc.

The relations between Iran and the United States have been of special importance to both sides throughout the political history of the two countries. The ups and downs of this relationship and its causes and factors have always been of interest to researchers and thinkers of international relations. Regarding the fields of conflict in the relations between Iran and America, various views have been proposed by the researchers of this field, but it seems that it is not enough and this field has the capacity of wider discussions. This article, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to investigate the issue of what is the position of Israel as a tension-causing variable in the creation and continuation of the conflict and confrontation between the two countries of Iran and the United States. According to the results of the research, one of the main obstacles to improving Iran's relations with America is related to the substantive and fundamental problems of the Islamic Republic of Iran with Israel; And since the foreign policy of the United States in the Middle East region and especially in the case of Iran, for reasons such as the identity links between the two nations of the United States and Israel, as well as the presence of the powerful Zionist lobby in this country, is strongly influenced by the influence of the Zionists, the possibility of the normalization of relations between the two countries At least not in the short term.

Identifying people has existed since the beginning of the word, and with the formation of human communities, early humans, in search of their identity, distinguished their tribes with elephant tusks, deer horns, and animal skins. In order to gain political legitimacy, national integration, establishing and consolidating the bureaucratic system, and maintaining the territorial integrity of their territory, the governments always used to create collective identity. This article aims to investigate the historical course of the phenomenon of recognition, identity and general and specific attribution of Iranians before the formation of the modern state and the most important factors shaping this. This article deals with the subject with a descriptive-analytical method based on library and archival sources and with a historical approach. According to the results of this research, before the establishment of the modern government in Iran, there was no place for the Arabs to register the names and recognition of the inhabitants of this land, and this category (attribution and true identity) was subject to titles or titles and more with the registration of the seal of ownership.

The idea of progress is one of the most significant affairs that has obsessed the mind of many thinkers during modern Irans History. The chief purpose of this research is to find out the perception of Tarbiat newspaper theorists and assistants of idea of progress and according to this perception ,there is a guestion posed; what attribution is among progress thought ,Iran reformation and the historic traditions of Iran? This research is based on historical method and information analysis approach to answer the rised guestions with the exact refrence to the printed articles of Tarbiat news paper. According to the findings of this research ,.the vital aspect of progress thought for Iranians was practical aspect of progress that was illustrated as the progressive discourse ,Iran reformation and its most important feature was science for Iranians, because the development of progress had been dependent on the improvement of sciences in Iran.Tarbiyat is considered as the first free and private newspaper in the history of Iran .Not only the assistants of Tarbiyat newspaper knew deeply about philosophical essence of progress thought and New western civilization ,but also they were aware of the shortcomings, problems and blocks that caused retardation of Iran and they tried to present the practiciable solutions to prevent from decadance .In the view of this group ,modern western civilization includes positive aspects which are not in contrast to the historic traditions of Iran and Iranians could arrive the civilization convoy by gaining these aspects.Tarbiyat newspaper in its nine years of publication was playing the essential role in the improvement of the idea of progress,Iran reformation and making relationship between new civilization and historic traditions.

Seyyed Jamaluddin Waez Esfahani is one of the intellectuals of the constitutional period, who expressed a special and unique reading in order to determine the political and social direction of the newly established constitutional system. Most of his positions in this regard have been published in Al-Jamal newspaper. Therefore, this article examines the content and main components of his speech in the mentioned newspaper in order to determine the main elements emphasized by him. Therefore, the main problem of the research is, what were the main components of Seyyed Jamaluddin's discourse and how were these components explained? According to the findings of this research, returning to authentic Islam, preserving the constitutional system, establishing freedom and realizing justice have been the most important components of Isfahani's attention. Understanding the complicated situation and the troubles and sufferings of his time, he proposed the necessity of returning to the teachings of the Quran and authentic Islam as a solution. This return has been through the lens of modernity. In other words, with a positive view on the developments of the modern period of the West, Sayyid established a link between the authentic Islamic teachings and the forms of modernity and interpreted the Quranic and religious teachings through the concepts and forms of modernity. In this way, religious and political tyranny was rejected and the constitutional system was accepted as a desirable western element; He spoke about freedom as the highest blessing that God has created for mankind and introduced the realization of justice and equality as the necessary introduction and the beginning of the country's prosperity. This reading of Seyed Jamaluddin is influenced by the requirements of the time and the actions that took place during that period. The intensification of political tensions and the alignment of supporters and opponents of the constitution, the debates of legitimacy and constitutionalism are among the actions to which Seyyed Jamaluddin's positions and opinions have been a reaction or a response to them.

In the second Pahlavi period, with the spread of modernization in various aspects of the social system, major changes occurred in the economic, cultural, administrative and social structures. These changes, through changes in material wealth, livelihood style, cultural capital and social status of individuals, led to increased social mobility and fluidization of the social structure. For this purpose, in this article, we investigated the relationship between culture and society and the effects that these two variables had on each other. The results obtained through content analysis of 10 articles and theses showed; What was going on in the Iranian society at that time was nothing but a "return to ancient Iran with a western secularized approach".The glory of ancient Iran and the dream of returning to that period was an excuse and a pretext for Pahlavi II to show a strong international face in competition with Western governments. The second Pahlavi government, relying on the all-round intervention of the Americans in the social and cultural affairs of the country, established a new middle class that had gross and exaggerated differences with the native and traditional Iranian culture.