نشریه جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 79 (پاییز 1402)

Neglecting local communities in the activities of the tourism industry is considered a fundamental gap in participatory planning in order to achieve sustainable development of tourism. The model of community-oriented tourism development tries to fill a part of this basic gap. The current research, focusing on the community-oriented tourism development model, has sought to determine the participation status of the local residents of Sareen in the field of sustainable tourism, as well as introducing the participatory approach as a strategy for the sustainable development of tourism in the study area. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, and two documentary and field methods have been used to explain and describe the topic. The purpose of this research was the relationship of social belonging and social participation with the development of sustainable tourism with the mediating role of perceived effects in the local community of Kashan. The participants were 120 people from the community of experts who used Scenario Wizad software in 8 scenarios between economic, social, institutional and environmental factors at the local level, all of which are scales of social belonging, social participation, perceived benefits and costs, and support. For the development of sustainable tourism, they have been examined for a better understanding. Finally, after the final analysis, a general summary of the presentation of the role of each factor has been determined.

The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of security and vitality of the urban space on the development of citizen relations in Gohardasht Street, Shahr Karaj. This research was applied and its method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research was all the residents of Karaj (1,592,492 people), out of which 384 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's sample size formula. The tool used in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire.The findings of the research have shown that the relationship between the safety and security and the vitality of urban spaces with the development of citizenship relations among the citizens of Karaj is significant, and in the meantime, according to the values of the correlation coefficient, the relationship between the vitality of urban spaces and the development of citizenship relationships is more intense. . Also, the statistical characteristic of the regression has also shown that 43.5% of the variance related to the development of citizenship relations among the residents of Shahr Karaj is explained by the variables of safety and security, liveliness and readability. that the vitality variable of urban spaces has the highest impact factor and safety and security has the lowest factor. The safety and security of the urban space has had an impact on the development of citizen relations on Gohardasht street in Shahr Karaj, which has a significant impact factor. In addition, among the two investigated variables (safety and vitality), the safety variable had the least impact on the relationship of citizenship. The vitality of the urban space has had an impact on the development of citizen relations in Gohardasht Street, Shahr Karaj, and its impact coefficient is also significant. In addition, among the two investigated variables (safety and liveliness), the liveliness variable has had the greatest impact on citizen communication, the result is that the liveliness of urban spaces, especially in Gohar-Dasht Karaj Street, has had an impact on the social communication of citizens. Because when the space has the necessary vitality, a person's presence in this space creates a feeling of happiness and joy in him, which leads to establishing a relationship with others. This happiness has led to the strengthening of the sense of belonging to the city in the citizens, and since it satisfies a natural need, it will give him a sense of happiness in life.

The aim of this research was to identify the factors affecting the happiness of urban girls in Islamshahr, with a focus on the Islamshahr population. The statistical population of this study was 8474 students, and based on Morgan's table, a sample size of 367 individuals was estimated and randomly selected. However, to ensure the return of all questionnaires, the researcher provided about 400 questionnaires to individuals. The measurement tools included three questionnaires: 1) the researcher-made questionnaire on socio-economic status, 2) the researcher-made questionnaire on leisure time activities, and 3) the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data of this study. The chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine the relationship between the research variables. The findings of the study showed a significant relationship (p<0.05) between leisure time activities and the level of happiness among students, but there was no significant relationship (p>0.05) between socio-economic status and happiness. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship (p<0.05) between socio-economic status and leisure time activities among students.

This paper studied the climatological parameters in six synoptic stations in zone of southeast Iran (1987-2020) and during two periods of 2021-2040 and 2041-2060 using General circulation model (GCM). Accuracy of LARS-WG model for simulating climatological parameters was evaluated through MAE، RMSE، R2، NSE. Crop Water Requirement was defined through determining appropriate planting date and Length of growing season with temperature and growing degree days (GDD). Due to increase in max temperature, Climate change decrease the length of growth period in various phases as 1-10 days which it causes delay in cultivation date under climate change condition and shorten the length of planting season as 15-28 days. Correct management of some factors such as crop variety and optimized cropping pattern according to the regional climate and knowing the climate condition of current -future could mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on the growth and yield of agriculture crops

World experience has shown that urban development is closely related to the development of governance, and it is the same in Iran. Meanwhile, the metropolis of Tehran, as the capital, is facing many problems and District Four, which is one of the most populous areas of Tehran, currently lacks a balance in the level of development between different areas. Discovering the relationship between these conditions and the governance situation in the regions is a research issue. The research was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method with a survey strategy. Indices were first obtained by Delphi method (DELPHI). Indicators that scored higher than average (3 out of 5) in SPSS environment and their standard deviation was low (which in most cases was obtained below 1) were finalized. Therefore, the final indicators of governance were obtained.

In Iran, the highest documents in the field of development policies of different regions and especially villages are related to 5-year economic, social and cultural development plans. In this regard, evaluating the impact of these development programs in realizing the development of rural areas can determine the role of government policy in the development of villages. For this purpose, the current research was written with the aim of evaluating the impact of government policies on the social and cultural development of the villages of Astara County, with an emphasis on the fourth, fifth and sixthdevelopment plans. The research method in the present research is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with practical purpose and analytical-exploratory nature. The statistical population of the research also includes managers, officials and experts on rural issues in Gilan province and Astara county, and using Cohen's formula at the 95% confidence level, 70 people have been determined as the sample size. Also, in line with data analysis were used one-sample t-tests and two-sample t-tests in SPSS software. The findings of the research show that during the fourth and fifth plans, the rural literacy rate increased from 1.74 to 14.72 percent, the number of villages with health and treatment centers per 10,000 rural population increased from -1.05 to 6.86. Secondary schools have increased from 2 to 4 and the number of villages with libraries has also increased from -2 to 2 percent. Also, at the end of the 6th plan, we see slight changes in the investigated indicators compared to the 5th plan. In general, the effectiveness of the investigated development programs, especially the fifth program, can be evaluated positively in the socio-cultural development of the villages of Astara.