نشریه مطالعات طب ورزشی
پیاپی 35 (بهار 1402)

Strengthening hip muscles considered as one of methods in prevention and rehabilitation injuries and musculoskeletal disorders. role of abdominal muscles in maintaining the stability of core especially prevention of unwanted movements in spine has been proven. exercise can strengthen these two areas is Plank. The aim of study was to compare hip abductor and abdominal muscles in different Plank exercises positions. according to selection criteria, 18 male aged 18 to 23 years were in study. The amount activity in terms of maximum voluntary isometric contraction and onset time activation of gluteus medius , Tensor fascia lata, internal oblique and external oblique in 3 types plank exercises; side plank with hip abduction, with hip abduction and flexed knee, with trunk abduction was measured by EMG. data obtained from study were analyzed based on Repeated Measure ANOVA test. results showed there was significant difference in activity of Gluteus medius, Tensor fascia lata and external oblique in 3 types Plank exercises (P≤0.05). maximum activation of gluteus medius, Tensor fascia lata and internal oblique was seen in first exercise but maximum activation of External oblique was seen in second exercise. Significance was not observed only in internal oblique muscle (P≥0.05). results did not show significant difference in onset time of any of muscles among exercises (P≥0.05). it can concluded Side Plank exercises used to strengthen hip muscles and also effective use of core muscles relation to each other. most effective condition for activation of abductor and internal oblique is side plank with hip abduction.

 The aim of this research was to examine the effects of 8-weeks core stability training on stable and unstable surfaces on ankle muscular torque, proprioception, and dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) in athletes with chronic ankle instability (CAI). In this semi-experimental study, thirty athletes with CAI the age range of 18-30 years were participated in this study. The participants were intentionally selected and assigned randomly into three groups 10 people, unstable surface training (UG), stable surface training (SG) and control (CG). UG and SG performed the core stability exercise protocol. One-way ANOVA and Holm-Bonferroni post hoc test were used to evaluate the data (p≤0.05). Findings showed that in all measured parameters, the UG was significantly different from the SG and CG (ps≤0.026). The results also showed that the SG had a significant improvement in the parameters of muscle torque and dorsiflexion range of motion compared to the CG (ps≤0.022), But in the proprioception there were no significant difference between in the SG and the CG (p=0.54). According to the results, it can be concluded that performing core stability training on Trampoline surface has a more effect on improving the measured parameters in athletes with chronic ankle instability. Therefore, it is recommend to perform these exercises as a training intervention for people with chronic ankle instability.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and persistence of 8 weeks of Shroth exercises on Cobb's angle, scapular flexibility and quality of life of 12-15 years old girls with idiopathic scoliosis. The population was girls students aged 12-15 years of girls' schools of the first secondary school of the 2nd education district of Isfahan city. After the initial screening, 30 volunteers were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=15). Cobb angle and symmetry of acromion process, lower angle of the scapula, external rotation of the scapula and the quality of life Were measured by photogrammetry, tape, goniometer and specific quality of life questionnaire for scoliotic adolescents respectively. All Subjects were evaluated before, after 8 weeks and two weeks after completing the training. The experimental group performed Shrouth's exercise program 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 50 minutes each session. The data was analyzed using mixed variance analysis and with spss software at an error level of 0.05. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in Cobb angle, symmetry of acromion process, lower angle and external rotation of the scapula and quality of life (p=0.001). there was no significant difference between the post and the follow-up test of the experimental group in any of these variables (p=0.001). Therefore, Shrouth's exercises were effective and lasting in improving adolescent girls with idiopathic scoliosis and it is recommended to use in corrective and rehabilitatve programs.

The present study investigated the effect of eight weeks of reactive neuromuscular training (RNT) on postural control, muscle strength and quality of life in older adults.The subjects were 30 elderly women who participated in two groups of experience and control. They took static balance test (Functional Reach test), dynamic balance (Timed up and Go test (TUG)) and muscle strength (foot dynamometer device), Before and after eight weeks of training., the risk of falling and the quality of life were measured through the Hopkins fall risk questionnaire and the Lipad quality of life measurement. then the experience group received six weeks of neuromuscular training and the control group did not participate in any exercise program. Data were analyzed using SPSS and repeated measures ANOVA method.static balance (p=0.003), TUG(p=0.035), fall risk (p=0.047) and quality of life (p=0.018) in experience group showed a significant difference compared to the control group. muscle strength improved only in the knee extensor muscles of the right leg (p=0.009) and left (p=0.010) and the left hip adductor muscles (p=0.001) compared to the control group.A course of neuromuscular training improved static balance, muscle strength, reduce the risk of falling and quality of life of elderly women. However, this type of exercise reduces the possibility of elderly people falling down. A course of neuromuscular training improved static balance, muscle strength, reduce the risk of falling and quality of life of elderly women. However, this type of exercise reduces the possibility of elderly people falling down.

Previous studies have shown that core stability exercises have a significant effect on balance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of core stability exercises weeks number on the balance functions of athletes with a history of anterior cruciate ligament injury. forty-four female athletes, 21 with a healthy knee, and 21 with a history of anterior cruciate ligament injury were randomly selected. The number of weeks of core stability exercises included one week, four, and eight weeks, and the subjects performed the training protocol three times a week and each session was 45 minutes. In this research, before and after the completion of training weeks the leg stance time test was used to evaluate static balance, and the Y test was used to evaluate dynamic balance. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to determination of the effect of the number of weeks of core stability exercises was used within and between groups. The results showed that the number of core stability exercises weeks number had a significant effect on the static balance and these effects were different between the two groups (p<0.05). Also, findings showed that the core stability exercise weeks number had a significant effect on dynamic balance, and comparing the results was different between the two groups (p<0.05). Regarding findings of this study suggested that optimal core stability exercise weeks number be considered in the design of training protocols.

The elastic properties and behavior of human body structure are potentially effective on perturbation control and force transmission and so could theoretically be considered as the determinant factors of musculoskeletal injury prevention. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between human body elastic behavior and musculoskeletal risk factors during unilateral landing. 30 young healthy men performed hopping and unilateral landing tests on a force plate and in front of a high-speed camera to quantify the elastic behavior and injury risk factors. Leg stiffness as one of the most important parameters of human body elastic behavior and time to stability, knee flexion and knee valgus as some injury risk factors were calculated and their relationships were determined by Pearson correlation test. There were some positive significant correlation coefficients between leg stiffness and initial and final knee flexion angle but there wasn't any relationship between leg stiffness and knee valgus parameters. Another important finding of this study was the positive significant correlation of leg stiffness and time to stability along with anteroposterior axis. According to the results, it seems although high values of leg stiffness is considered as an important factor to success in some movement performances like sprinting, actually it can disturb to adopt a correct landing technique and it can delay the anterior-posterior stabilization. Specific training method modifying the landing technique, regulating the leg stiffness and optimizing the body elastic behavior, can be effective on the prevention of lower body musculoskeletal injuries like ACL injury.