مجله مطالعات علوم قرآن
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 15، بهار 1402)

The Holy Qur'an has expressed its meaning in various ways and has used different methods and tactics in providing the meaning, one of its method to provide meaning is Tasrif. Tasrif is the expression of a meaning with different methods and styles. The Holy Qur'an guides a person in one meaning through various expressions. Identifying the types of these expressions has a great impact on the better and clearer Understanding of the Holy Qur'an. The attitude towards the study of the meaning in the Holy Qur'an and the examination of its various objective layers is one of the important topics in Qur'an studies. The present research examines the meaning in the Holy Qur'an via a descriptive-analytical method, tasrif method, and based on words. The findings of the current research suggest three types of tasrif of words: the first type, tasrif of meaning based on the synonyms of a word; The second type, tasrif of a meaning based on the morphological derivation of words; The third type is tasrif of words based on weights and meaning-making styles (case study: Asma al-Husna), for which seven models have been selected. 1. Elative + agent noun. 2. Khair + plural subject noun (masculine plural). 3. Ahsan + subject noun. 4. Min + Af'al al-Tafazol + Min Allah + triple infinitive. 5. Na'am + infinitive 6. Khair 7. Af'al al-Tafzil. The result is that the Holy Qur'an has dealt with meanings in various patterns based on words through the method of tasrif that this type of dealing with meanings has a significant effect on the audience's better and clearer understanding of the Holy Qur'an, and with precision in every verbal and linguistic level, surely a truth of divine truths is better understood.

Resistance is one of the important concepts in Islamic culture, relying on which Muslims can stop the enemy from achieving their goals. Undoubtedly, the enemy creates challenges against the Islamic resistance to prevent the resisting Muslims from achieving their goals. These challenges can be divided into various aspects, of which political challenges are of the most important. Political challenges may arise in both national and international arenas. This study seeks to explain the political challenges of Islamic resistance in the international arena. Since the Holy Qur'an has provided a solution for resistance by emphasizing the Islamic resistance against the enemy, in this research, the Qur'anic solutions to deal with these challenges are also explained. By examining and analyzing the actions of the enemy, the most important international challenges are the fronting of the enemy, isolation, weakening, and finally the dominance of the colonists. To cope with these challenges, several solutions are used from the Holy Qur'an, such as foreign relations, self-respect, internal empowerment, and finally, independence and anti-dominance. The type of information collection in this research is library-based and it has answered the research question via a descriptive-analytical method.

Understanding the meaning of the words of the Holy Qur'an is of special importance for us as Muslims. One of the Qur'anic words is the word Qunut (despondence). According to the Qur'anic usages of the word qunut and its derivatives, it can be said that "qunut" is a state along with dissatisfaction, extreme sadness, excessive sadness and abnormal despair. This state occurs mostly in worldly affairs, ingratitude, fatigue, boredom, and restlessness, and its origin is factors such as not achieving the expected conditions, deprivation of personal interests, suspicion of God, not knowing God, neglecting God's mercy, focusing on the blessings and forgetting the benefactor, the feeling of not being shown mercy while he is in dire need of that mercy, and exclusive attention to normal causes of the world of creation. These factors cause the state of qunut to be created in humans normally. This study examines this word using a library and descriptive-analytical method via the semantic field method of Izutsu. So far, no research has been done about the word "Qunut" in this way.

One of the important topics of the book Tafsir Al-Mizan is Fiqh-al-Hadith examination of narratives handed down from Fariqain sources. The purpose of the present article, which has been carried out via a descriptive-analytical method and with library tools, is to examine the Fiqh-al-Hadith approach of the author of al-Mizan towards al-Kafi's narratives authored by Koleyni. To evaluate the narrations of this book, Allameh has used several Fiqh-al-Hadith components, especially the presentation of narratives based on the Qur'an and authentic narratives, evaluating the narratives with reason, taking into account the criteria of history, etc. and with these principles, in many cases, has dealt with confirming and using al-Kafi narratives, explaining and interpreting the hadiths of that book, discovering and expressing the meaning of the Fourteen Infallibles, distinguishing interpretive narratives from others, resolving conflicts and removing doubts from the statements of the Fourteen Infallibles, criticizing al-Kafi narratives etc. The most important factor for the author of al-Mizan in understanding and criticizing narratives is the factor of presenting narratives on the Qur'an, which was derived from the special foundations of his interpretation method in al-Mizan. For this reason, he has conducted most of his Fiqh al-Hadith studies based on this factor.

One of the methods of interpreting the Qur'an is the mystical method. Some recent and past commentators have shown in their works that they pay special attention to this method in interpreting the Qur'an. In this method of interpreting the Qur'an, the commentators try to extract mystical hints and nuances from the verses of the Qur'an. This article uses a descriptive-analytical method and library studies to express the methodology of two interpretations "Tafseer al-Qur'an al-Azeem" and "Tafsir Bayan al-Saada fi Maqamat al-Ibadah" and compare them. Imam Sahl bin Abdullah Tustari (200-283 AH), one of the commentators in the past, has used the mystical method in the interpretation of the verses in his Tafsir called "Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azeem". He did not interpret the Qur'an verse by verse, but spoke of limited verses in each chapter. On the other hand, Sultan Alishah Gonabadi (1251-1327 AH), another commentator in the past, used the mystical method in the interpretation of the divine verses in his interpretation called Tafsir Bayan al-Saada fi Maqamat al-Ibadah. In this book, all the chapters and verses of the Holy Qur'an are interpreted. In addition, the comparative interpretations of Qur'anic verses on Sufi terms and teachings are very prominent in this commentary, and it is an emerging phenomenon among the mystical interpretations of Shia.

The most prominent goal of the revelation of the Holy Qur'an for the whole world is to guide them to the correct lifestyle and in other words to educate people correctly. The Holy Quran, as the most important human educational book, has pursued such a goal during the 23 years of Prophethood of the Holy Prophet and in various forms. The present study seeks to explain the most important forms of expression of educational points that are used in the Qur'an through a descriptive-analytical method and show an example of them in Surah Hujurat, which is known as a moral-educational surah in the Qur'an so that the audience can get to know these methods and their Qur'anic expression better. The Holy Quran has several methods to express educational points, the main methods of which are seven methods, which are, remembering and reminding; 2. Preaching and advising; 3. Encouragement and punishment; 4. Stimulation of emotions; 5. Command and prohibition; 6. Model presentation and 7. Storytelling. These methods have been examined in the present study with regard to Surah Hujurat.