International Journal Of Nonlinear Analysis And Applications
Volume:14 Issue: 11, Nov 2023

In this paper, we introduce a subclass of analytic functions associated with the Sigmoid function and determine the upper bounds for various coefficient functionals such as  Fekete-Szego functional, second Hankel determinant, Zalcman functional and third Hankel determinant. Also, the concept is extended to two-fold and three-fold symmetric functions. The results proved earlier, follow as special cases of the results of this paper.

The main aim of the present study is to expand the operational matrix method for solving the fractional two-dimensional nonlinear weakly singular partial integro-differential equations.  To do this, firstly, we use and present the operational matrix of fractional integration of two-dimensional Fibonacci polynomials.  Then, by using the obtained operational matrices to approximate the fractional derivative of the solution of the considered equation, we convert the original problem to a nonlinear system of equations. Also, we present the error analysis of the proposed method by a theorem. Finally, we present and solve some numerical examples to illustrate the proposed method.

With the ever-increasing growth of the Internet and the digital imaging industry, the need to organize and separate images is strongly felt. As a result, image databases with very large sizes were created. In such a situation, there is a strong need for effective tools and methods for image search and recovery. In this proposed method, an automatic image delineation method using an artificial neural network has been presented. At first, by studying reference books and articles related to the basic concepts that are necessary to start working in this field, then by studying the articles of recent years in the desired field, we will examine the strengths and weaknesses of the subject in more detail. Finally, by implementing and testing various ideas that have been expressed in the articles, and with the guidance of the supervisor and applying his ideas, he has tried to cover the weaknesses of other ideas, and finally, a method to improve the accuracy of image indexing and retrieval methods in databases based on the content of images to achieve high efficiency and reduce the semantic gap between low-level features and human perceptual concepts. The proposed color extraction method is simpler, less computationally complex, more accurate and faster. The results of evaluations and comparisons indicate the relative superiority of the proposed method over other methods.

Iran automakers have achieved technological capabilities in two ways, Under license, and internal design and development. This research seeks to identify and compare the technological capabilities factors created by these two methods. By the library studies and the opinion of industry experts, 9 factors of the Panda and Ramanathan model were selected. The measurement model was followed by defining 67 sub-factors, which were reduced to 47 by the fuzzy Delphi technique. DANP (DEMATEL+ANP) technique is used to weight the factors and sub-factors. Then, by using the TOPSIS technique and the weights extracted from the DANP step, 6 projects from two groups under license, and internal design and development were ranked and compared according to the level of technological capabilities absorbed. It's found that the SAMAND project (Internal development) has been ranked first in attracting technological capabilities, and both methods are essential in catching up with technology to cover the gap with pioneer car manufacturers.

In this paper, we introduce some differential subordinations and superordinations results for a subclass of analytic univalent functions in the open unit disk $U$ using the Darus-Faisal operator $G^{m}_{\lambda} (\sigma,\delta,\tau)$. Also, we study some sandwich theorems.

Digitalization uses digital technologies to change the business model and create new income and production values. The vast technological advances and the rapid movement of human societies towards digital life are noticeable in all areas of life. Intelligence and using new technologies have become decisive elements in all aspects of human life, and banks are no exception. They must adapt to new conditions to survive in the competitive market and survive. The transition from traditional banking to digital banking is accompanied by profound and fundamental changes in the field of perspective redefinition, including the mission, role, and performance of banks in society; the fundamental changes in the business model based on information obtained from data analysis; the application of artificial intelligence; the changes in the income portfolio of banks; the strategic partnerships of banks with other industries; and the expansion of banks’ activities inside and outside the country. These are referred to as paradigm shifts in banking. Despite the importance and sensitivity of the issue, this is less known among businesses, customers, and even bank employees. Thus, it requires targeted marketing using new and effective technologies in the form of digital marketing. The present study was conducted to provide an electronic marketing model in digital banking in Iran. The research method was developmental-applied in terms of its purpose. In this research, the grounded theory method was used. The statistical population of this research included digital banking and marketing industry experts. Expert sampling was a non- probability (purposive) sampling. Sampling was done until theoretical saturation was reached. The current research used a semi-structured interview with experts with special conditions and characteristics (academic experts in the marketing field, university faculty members, and bank experts and managers). To this purpose, firstly, the concepts, categories, and dimensions of electronic marketing in digital banking were discussed, and then an electronic marketing model was provided in digital banking. After three steps of open, axial, and selective coding, ten variables and 32 indicators were extracted. They were presented under the six factors of Strauss and Corbin’s ”coding paradigm” model in the form of an electronic marketing model in digital banking.

Considering the environmental problems and the increase in diseases resulting from consuming conventional and processed food, using organic food products is a suitable solution to get rid of problems and environmental damage and to increase the social responsibility of consumers, and it is a new thinking approach to food, health and nature. Organic products are produced without using chemicals, pesticides, additives and flavors. Therefore, it is very important and necessary to promote the attitude of consumers regarding organic products, so by using more organic products, organic agriculture expands more, too. The purpose of the current study is to define a method for prioritizing the factors affecting the promotion of the attitude of organic food products customers, under uncertain circumstances. The factors of the study include ten main criteria, namely, increasing the consumption of organic products, creating easy access, the support of the government, gaining the trust of consumers, increasing the health level of society, decreasing the price of organic products, supporting the environment, competent inspection, supervision and control systems, high agricultural potential in Iran and increasing the awareness of consumers. In order to prioritize the factors affecting the promotion of the attitude of organic food products customers under uncertain circumstances, the model of the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) has been suggested. Accordingly, by using the descriptive-survey research method, a sample population of 50 relevant experts was examined and the factors were prioritized according to their importance by employing the method of Fuzzy AHP.

The purpose of this study is to the effect of the characteristics of the board of directors on the accounting financial criteria in the companies admitted on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research, the criteria of board ownership, board independence and board size were used to measure the characteristics of the board of directors. In terms of classification, the research is of an applied type and the research method is of a quantitative type. In order to examine the hypotheses of the research, the audited financial statements of the companies and the change reports of 148 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2013 to 2020 were used, and the required data were extracted and used the method of multivariate regression analysis and the use of the F-test of Limer, Hausman, Brosch-Godfrey and Brosch-Pagan was investigated with the help of R software. The results of the hypothesis test showed that there is a relationship between the characteristics of the board of directors, which were evaluated using the criteria of ownership of the board of directors, the independence of the board of directors, and the size of the board of directors, and the financial performance of companies, which was evaluated using accounting criteria. There is a positive and meaningful. As a result, despite the significant effect of the characteristics of the board of directors on the performance of companies, the need to pay attention to the characteristics of the board of directors is of great importance. Therefore, according to the findings of the research, the importance of more effective supervision of the board of directors on the activities of managers is confirmed, and as a result, the criteria of ownership of the board of directors, the independence of the board of directors and the size of the board of directors, which can improve the performance of companies and cause He paid attention to increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the decisions of the board of directors in the company and increasing the value and reputation of the company.

In this paper, we will consider one numerical solution to solve the nonlinear Gardner equation. The quartic B-spline (QBS) collocation method will be used to determine the unknown term in this equation. In this regard, we apply the quasilinearization technique to linearize the nonlinear terms of the equation and then, combine the QBS collocation method in space with the finite difference in time. This operation provides an efficient explicit solution with high accuracy and minimal computational effort for this problem. It is further proved that the proposed method has the order of convergence $\textit{O}(k+h^2)$. Also, the method is shown to be unconditionally stable using the Von-Neumann method. Finally, the efficiency and robustness of the proposed approach for solving the nonlinear Gardner equation are demonstrated by one numerical example. These numerical computations will be compared to radial basis functions (RBFs).

In this paper, we extend the multi-valued version of Darbo's fixed point theorem using generalized Mizogochi-Takahashi mappings of the Wardowski type. The technique of measure of noncompactness is the main tool in carrying out our proofs. As an application, we investigate the existence of solutions for an integral inclusion on the space $BC(\mathbb{R}_+,E)$.

Anomie can be called the phenomenon of the modern era because modernization causes damage to the previous value structure, and as a result, the modern man is somehow in confusion and identity crisis. This study has been conducted with the aim of modeling the explanatory structural equations of factors affecting the consequences of organizational anomie. About 12 experts' opinions have been used to model the explanatory structural equations of factors affecting the consequences of organizational anomie. In this research, to identify the criteria and express the relationships between the criteria, after studying the related research literature and interviewing the experts under study, the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique and MICMAC analysis were used. After the data analysis, the variables were classified into four different levels and according to the ISM, graph relationships were drawn. After MICMAC analysis, the variables were placed in three groups of independent or key variables, autonomous and dependent. The variables of "nepotism and discrimination" and "technological turbulence" are more influenced by other factors and from a systemic point of view, they are considered among the effective and dependent elements (the second group) that have a weak influence, but despite this, they have a higher dependence force than It has other factors. Also, the variables "managers' lack of commitment to the organization's values" and "lack of a suitable evaluation system" are among the key variables, which are included in the category of independent variables (fourth group) and have a great impact on the realization and meta-analysis of the factors affecting the consequences of organizational anomie. , which has a high influence and low dependency. Determining the relationships between factors can lead to a better understanding of the issue and making appropriate decisions in identifying the factors affecting the consequences of organizational anomie.

In the tenth axis of general environmental policies, the Supreme Leader has emphasized the establishment of environmental auditing, identifying and ranking the main components of environmental auditing to monitor executive bodies from the point of view of the type of auditing is the goal of this research. In this study, first, the initial indicators were identified based on the study of research literature and the statistical method of qualitative content analysis. Then, in the fall of 1400, by interviewing 35 auditors of the Court of Audit as experts who were selected initial indicators identified by the Delphi statistical method, were finalized. Then, using a questionnaire and a new analytical methodology, Interpretive-Structural Modeling and the relationships between the indicators were determined by MATLAB and Excel software, and the ISM graph was plotted in an integrated manner. Finally, using MICMAC analysis, the penetration power and dependence of the identified indicators were evaluated and the final pattern was drawn. Validity was calculated as content and reliability was calculated using the kappa coefficient. The main components of environmental auditing to monitor the executive bodies of the country from the perspective of the type of auditing include environmental compliance auditing, environmental financial auditing and environmental performance auditing. The components of environmental compliance auditing and environmental financial auditing with high power of influence and low dependence are placed as independent components on the second level and have the most importance and impact, the component of environmental performance auditing with low power of influence and high dependence as The dependent component is placed at the first level and the influencing component.

Companies are desperately seeking a competitive advantage in today's fast-paced business world to outperform their rivals. Competition with the rate of rapid change in technology has made the issue of new product development in a competitive market important. One of the factors that effectively play a role in the new product development process, especially when competition, flexibility and product diversity are important, is the employment of work teams. Considering the importance of the subject, this study aims to present a new model of team assignment for new product development with a focus on improving the level of productivity. In this research, mathematical modeling logic has been used. Furthermore, the research model is a Multi-Objective Integer Linear Programming (MOILP) model and because discrete variables exist, the solution space is not continuous and convex but discrete and thus non-convex. Thus, the problem is NP-hard in terms of complexity. In the end, according to various factors for the assignment of human resources in new product development processes, a multi-objective mathematical model was designed to reduce costs, control wage rates, reduce work process time, and maximize productivity in the production system.

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that explain the risk at the level of accounts in key audit topics, especially the characteristics of the auditor and the client. In this regard, first, the most important indicators and effective factors were identified by studying the theoretical foundations and then based on these indicators, interviews were conducted with experts and according to the results of these interviews, codes were extracted. . Then, based on the mentioned codes and extracting keywords and key answers, using the information of companies and with a neural network approach and factor analysis, a framework was presented. For this purpose, the opinions of accounting experts and ten-year information of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were used. The results showed that the audit fee, tenure of the auditing firm, company life, institutional ownership, major ownership, managerial ownership, independence of the audit committee, presence of the internal audit unit, political relations, CEO power and financial knowledge of the audit committee Reducing the number and importance of Rials is the risk points at the level of accounts. In addition, it was found that the presence of the audit organization, change of audit firm, audit firm specialization, company size, financial leverage, cash balance, board independence, accounts receivable, quality of internal audit unit, management uncertainty and audit firm rating increased The number and importance of risk points are at the level of accounts.

In this article, we introduce another new subclass by using $q$-analogue of the Noor operator and based on it we investigate a subclass with fixed finitely many coefficients for the univalent holomorphic functions. We obtain a number of useful properties such as coefficient estimates, extreme points, convexity and convolution-preserving properties.

Monitoring the situation and evaluating the position of fixed internet provider companies that operate in a competitive industry with a lot of changes requires a systematic model known as a marketing audit. In this study, an effort has been made to provide a model for the marketing audit of fixed internet provider companies in the country. This research was done with an approach based on an interpretative paradigm and with a deductive-inductive method. Also, in terms of the purpose of this research, it is applied-developmental research, and from the point of view of the method of data collection, it is descriptive research with a cross-sectional survey method. The statistical population in the template presentation section includes experienced managers of Internet providers. Sampling was done with a targeted method and 11 people participated in the design of the model. In the model validation section, 384 managers and experts of Internet provider companies were determined by Cochran's formula and randomly sampled. The relationships between the underlying categories of the marketing audit pattern of fixed internet provider companies were identified with the structural-interpretive method and MicMac software. The partial least squares method and Smart PLS software were used to validate the model. The research findings showed that marketing operations, strategic marketing and marketing structure are the basic elements of the model that directly impact the marketing campaign and customer experience management. These factors also affect the acquisition of competitive advantage and in this way, a marketing audit can be achieved. The result of establishing a marketing audit is to achieve things such as organizational branding, human resource branding and marketing efficiency.

The value of the financial flexibility factor is less addressed by the academic literature. This value is not directly visible to companies and should be measured and tested. This paper investigates the relationship between the value of financial flexibility, investment efficiency in net working capital and speed of adjustment of net working capital. This is an applied descriptive-correlational paper. The data were analyzed using the statistical population including 100 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 2005 to 2020. The multivariate linear regression method was used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the estimation of the regression model showed that there is a positive significant relationship between the value of financial flexibility and investment efficiency in net working capital and the speed of adjustment of net working capital. In addition, considering the value of financial flexibility factor in investment decisions can lead to more efficient investment opportunities and more optimal working capital policies for the company.

This research was done with the aim of designing and explaining the pattern of strengthening the employer brand of Tejarat Bank in order to attract and retain human resources. This research is applied in terms of purpose, exploratory in terms of approach, and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of data analysis. In the qualitative phase of the research and in order to design the model based on the foundation's data theory methodology, a group of experts (including university professors and consultants in the field of human resources management, experts in behavioral sciences and psychometrics, and senior managers of Tejarat Bank) were selected and interviewed in depth. In this phase, the snowball sampling method was used and this process continued until the theoretical saturation of the researcher was reached and a total of 9 interviews were conducted. In the quantitative phase, the specialized and talented employees of different branches of Tejarat Bank in Tehran were considered as the population, and among them, 136 people, based on random stratified sampling with proportional and non-random distribution, were voluntarily and purposefully available as a sample. Statistics were selected. In the qualitative phase of the research, because the data theory method of the foundation was used, the main tool for data collection was in-depth and unstructured interviews with experts. In the quantitative phase of the research, the main tool for data collection was a closed and researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 42 items, which was designed based on the initial conceptual model, research literature and data from interviews. In the quantitative phase of the research, SPSS, LISREL and smart-PLS software were used to perform descriptive and inferential analyses. Finally, the results of the research led to the design of the pattern of strengthening the employer brand of Tejarat Bank in order to attract and maintain human resources (based on the structure of the paradigm model), which were approved after the quantitative test.

In the last decades, nonlinear methods have been applied, in a large number of studies from the computational neuroscience field, to describe neuronal implementations of superior brain functions. Superior brain functions, called cognitive functions, control our behavior. Therefore, they should be assessed by evaluating individual performances in the experiments, using standard tasks, which represent the condition that cognitive functions are required. The mathematical models of cognitive functions, at the neuronal implementation level, are based on the real condition of standard cognitive tasks. However, it is not validated whether applied task conditions are appropriate to represent the neuronal implementation of a cognitive function. Hence, as a case study, we used a developed Bayesian Model to assess whether the GoNoGo task is valid to be applied for neural measurement and modeling neural implementation of Inhibitory Control (IC). As GoNoGo is the most common task used for neural measurement of impaired cognitive function (IC) in ADHD, we fit the model to behavioral data of two groups of children/adolescents with and without ADHD. The results demonstrated that the model could simulate the behavioral data, and also the model parameters could differentiate the groups significantly. However, the neural implementation of IC may not be represented through the rewarded condition of the GoNoGo task. We concluded that before modeling the neural implementation of cognitive functions, it is essential to apply nonlinear methods to validate current behavioral experiments computationally; or to design new model-based experiments for use in neural measurements.

Many abilities of Monte Carlo simulation methods have led to their increasing use in solving various reliability problems of structures. These methods are based on generating random samples in order to simulate events and estimate their results. Achieving certain accuracy requires a significant number of simulation operations. Acceptable accuracies can be achieved with a smaller number of samples by adopting different approaches. In this article, for the first time, symmetric structures are analyzed using the theory of graphs and canonical forms, the frequency of the structures is calculated, and their reliability is also checked using these theories. Also, the study and investigation of the calculation of frequencies and eigenvectors corresponding to symmetric structural models from the point of view of the decomposition of the stiffness matrix in probabilistic reliability analysis, which we will achieve this goal by using the proposed theories. In this article, in addition to obtaining all canonical forms, the relationship between all canonical forms is obtained. Finally, a new Rayleigh-based theory called the proposed improved Rayleigh theory is presented, which is used to extract the natural frequencies of structures. Also, in this research, several samples of different frames and structures were presented using the proposed method and finally, numerical results were presented and the solution of the three-story frame with 24 degrees of freedom was presented. It can be seen from the results that the proposed method has a much higher speed and accuracy than the Monte Carlo method.

The research deals with the study of the impact of Olympic events on architectural production by studying the developments in hosting events, especially Olympic sports events, and the availability of architectural and structural design capabilities. Structural systems technology is the source of creativity in architectural production. The research assumes that sports events provide an opportunity for architects to develop the creative field in the design and achieve the characteristics of the place and local identity. Therefore, the research aims to clarify the role of sporting events in creating architecture with advanced technologies by clarifying the relationship between architecture and the structural system, and the application of theoretical indicators for a number of architectural projects known for architectural excellence in their structural system. The research has indicated this relationship to be an incentive for architects in the development of their architectural productions and to be a source of inspiration and stimulus for creative processes.

Venture capital is a type of investment in which individuals or companies invest in newly established or start-up projects in order to obtain higher profits in exchange for higher risk. Considering the role of this type of investment in financing and designing the optimal capital structure of knowledge-based companies and helping their growth and development, the purpose of this research is to identify and rank the quantitative and qualitative factors of venture capital effective in optimizing the capital structure of knowledge-based companies. For this purpose, with the help of simple random sampling and using Cochran's sampling formula, 150 managers of knowledge-based companies were selected as sample members. In order to identify the quantitative and qualitative factors of acceptable Venture capital, after referring to the research background and interviewing the experts, using the researcher-made questionnaire tool, and then factor loading of the mentioned factors through specific confirmatory factor analysis and finally the factors identified by ANP ranking method were classified. The results showed that technological factors, environmental factors, corporate indicators and management factors as the most important qualitative factors, and financial indicators can be listed as the most important quantitative factors in venture capital effective in optimizing the capital structure of knowledge-based companies. Among the identified factors, managerial factors have the highest rank, and the last rank belongs to technological factors. It was also determined that among the sub-components of these factors, the ability to establish effective communication, the experience of the management team, and the good reputation and ability of the management staff have the first to third ranks of the final weights. From the point of view of the respondents, corporate indicators have gained second importance, followed by financial indicators.

This study aimed to present a multi-objective model for the location of depots through a particle swarm optimization algorithm in Artawheel Tire Company. It is applied in terms of purpose and survey and descriptive in terms of the nature of research and data collection. Data collection tools are documents and interviews with experts. Also, the research is of the predictive type in proportion to the fact that the research seeks to locate the depot using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Given that this problem falls into the category of Hard-PN problems, a meta-heuristic method based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve it. Two particle group optimization algorithms and genetics have been used as benchmark algorithms to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The proposed particle cluster optimization algorithms are implemented in the Matlab 7.5 programming software and the genetic algorithm is implemented using the Matlab 7.5 software toolbox. According to the results of this study, it was found that the use of a particle swarm algorithm to solve the problem of vehicle routing can improve the objective function as well as the total number of routes travelled by vehicles.

One of the most important issues in the design of educational buildings, especially schools, is providing thermal comfort for students in classrooms. If the design is correct, in addition to providing the thermal comfort needed by the students, we will reduce the energy consumption in these buildings. The purpose of the research: analysis of the thermal behavior in the school buildings of Rasht city, in order to identify the damages and problems in the buildings built by the General Department of Renovation, Development and Equipping of Schools in Gilan Province. Research In this research, an attempt has been made to simulate one of the schools in the temperate and humid climate of Rasht city in the accurate design builder software, and with the powerful engine of Energy Plus, the thermal behavior in this school has been tried in order to investigate and generalize it to other schools in the climate. Let's analyze the moderate and humid city of Rasht Geographical scope of the research: This research was conducted in the temperate and humid climate of Gilan province, Rasht city. After the simulation, it was determined that the location of the air intake and exhaust windows was suitable according to the CFD analysis and the building had good natural ventilation throughout the year. Also, the results show that the wall 23%, lighting 21%, glass 20% and equipment 17% respectively include the most energy loss in this building. Analyzing the heat loss in the coldest month of the year in the studied school, graph 5- but it is facing a big difference with the energy loss in the warm month of the year. In the coldest month of the year, the external wall 48%, glass 26% and the roof 20% of energy loss account for the most energy loss in this building.

The study offers a numerical approach to a type of FOCPs. The Legendre interpolation polynomials foundation serves as the technique's foundation. Consideration is given to the Lagrange multiplier approach for the restricted parameters as well as the operating matrix of fractions Riemann-Liouville integral and multiplies. Using this approach, the provided optimizing issue can be reduced to the challenge of calculating an algebraic equation-solving system. The FOCP result is achieved by analyzing this issue. Samples that illustrate the proposed method's viability and usefulness are provided.

This study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting sustainable management on the performance of 17 industry experts. The data were collected by a questionnaire, and the variables were tested using the DEMATEL and ISM methods. The results showed that business strategies (C01), size of the board of directors (C02), personal motivation and safety (C03), timely delivery (C04), and organizational culture (C09) have strong influence and low influence, which are placed in the area of independent variables. The variables of customer service quality (C05), customer satisfaction (C06), greater brand reputation (C08), and technological capabilities (C11) also had high dependence and little influence, which were dependent variables. The competitiveness variable (C07) has a similar influence and degree of dependence and is a linked variable. Construction quality (C12), external and institutional ownership (C13), skills and attitudes of employees (C14), and operating costs (C15) are also placed in the first quadrant, i.e., the autonomous region.

Tax, inventory and financing policies through correcting and stabilizing economic activities in different sectors not only help to provide financial resources for the government but also for economic growth and development. Therefore, the correct application of tax, inventory and financing policies can be considered as a means to increase mobility, and economic dynamism and go forward in economic and social development. The purpose of this research is to assess the tax differences caused by the mismatch of tax evasion and tax, inventory and financing policies. The research sample includes 149 companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange, which covers a period of seven years from March 2013 to March 2020. The results show that match of the tax policy, inventory policy, financing policy and tax evasion is effective in a decrease of the permanent tax gap. In Addition, a match of the tax policy, financing policy and tax evasion is effective in the decrease of the temporary tax difference, too.

Today, air pollution and energy consumption are metropolitans’ main transportation issues. In these cities, most people consider their mode of transportation based on the appropriate means, including passenger, travel characteristics, population growth, urban space, and transportation. Therefore, the systematic optimization of travel demand in the actual road network in urban areas is necessary. Travel Demand Management (TDM) is one of the well-known methods to solve these problems in congested areas. TDM is a strategy to reduce the efficiency of the urban transportation system by granting special concessions to public transportation methods, implementing the ban on private cars in certain places or times, and increasing the cost of using some facilities such as parking in busy areas pricing network. Transportation demand management is one of the most effective methods to reduce traffic and control air pollution, especially in crowded areas of the city center. A few studies have optimized urban transportation in congested cities by combining Markov decision processes based on decision processes with reward and evolution-based algorithms and simultaneously considering customers and travel characteristics. Therefore, this study provided a new network traffic management for urban cities with multiple objective functions related to the expected reward value of the Markov decision system using a genetic algorithm. Shiraz is considered as a benchmark to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. Then, the impact of toll levels was evaluated on changes in user and operator cost components.

In this paper, the concepts of n-monomorphism, n-epimorphism, n-isomorphism, n-equivalent, n-coproduct, n-product, n-injection, n-projection, n-initial object, n-terminal object, n-pushout diagram, n-inverse system, n-inverse limit, and n-homology of categories will be introduced and will be shown the relationship between them. Next, some of their properties and structure characteristics will be investigated and obtained some results about them.

Let $R$ be a commutative ring and $\Gamma(R)$  be its zero-divisor graph. All the vertices of zero divisor graphs are the non-zero divisors of the commutative ring, with two distinct vertices joined by an edge in case their product in the commutative ring is zero. In this paper, we study the metric dimension and neighbourhood resoling set for the zero divisor graphs of order 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 of a small finite commutative ring with a unit.