نشریه ارتقای بهداشت نظامی
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1399)

One of the most important problems that may threat military forces health is mental disorders. The present study aimed to assess surveys regarding common mental health disorders in military forces and evaluate its prevalence and extent in Iran as well as entire world.

Using a systematic review design a number of databases in English and Persian language including PubMed, Web of Science and SID were sought from January, 2010 to September, 2020 and two independent researchers evaluated the studies based on inclusion criteria to select proper ones. Related keywords provided by MeSH database were used to find suitable surveys. Finally PRISMA checklist was applied to write systematic review.  

Overall, 265 articles from both English and Persian databases found and after removing duplicated cases and screening, 43 full-text articles were examined in term of inclusion criteria conducive to finally 12 articles for final analysis (8 cases in English and 4 cases in Persian). In general, more than 90% of samples were male and their mean age was 29.8±5.2. Depressive disorder with 13.3% pooled prevalence was the most prevalent mental health problem and disorders such as anxiety and PTSD placed after that. While the most prevalent disorder in studies conducted in other countries was depression (pooled prevalence of 13%), in Iran the most prevalent mental health disorder found to be anxiety with 18.5% pooled prevalence.

Disorders such as depression and anxiety are prevalent mental health problems amid military forces. So applying needed measures to prevent and control such problems especially among active military personnel is necessary. Next studies may target categorizing mental health disorders based on factors such as type of military service, deployment status and military rank.

 The most effective way to prevent transmission of HIV / AIDS, health promotion knowledge and beliefs about preventive behaviors and  abstinence is in adolescents and youths. This study aimed to examined the effects of an educational program on perceptions of high school female students regarding HIV /AIDS based on health belief model (HBM)  in Tehran,Iran .

This quasi-experimental study was performed in two girls high schools of  region 8 of Tehran by simple  random sampling . Participants) N=465) selected among 9th, 10th  and 11th grades by census method . Accordingly, all students in these degrees were selected if they had been satisfied to participate in the study.  Data were collected using a valid self- administered questionnaire based on  HBM   including 8 items   (47items) demographic questions, knowledge , perceived barriers , perceived benefits , perceived severity and perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy at initial and 2- month follow up of the study.  CVR, CVI and Cronbachchr('39')s alpha of the total questions were: 0.77, 0.92 and 0.83, respectively.
The intervention group were educated through an educational package based on  HBM through lectures and  question and answer in one session . Two months after intervention all data were gathered and analyzed using descriptive and analytic analysis  such as ANCOVA using SPSS Ver. 18.

Two groups were the same at the beginning of the study in terms of all variables . However, there were significant differences between two groups in terms of knowledge)P<0.05 (  and all health belief model constructs at 2- month follow up (P<0.001).

This study indicated the educational intervention could improve health perceptions of HIV/AIDS among students. Thus, use of this study  will suggest that school health education programs .

Endotracheal suctioning is one of the most important nursing intervention in critical care units. Increasing nurses’ knowledge about comprehensive criteria for suctioning can lead to improved nursing interventions. One of the main challenges in suctioning of the intubated patients is that nurses doing this procedure without comprehensive criteria. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of comprehensive endotracheal suctioning training on the frequency of airway suctioning in mechanically ventilated patients.

This research was an outcome-based study. Thirty intensive care unit nurses in different work shifts were randomly selected and entered the study with personal knowledge and consent. Mechanically ventilated patients who admitted to critical care units in a hospital were assessed before and after intervention (training the nurses). The nurses were trained using lectures, installing posters in critical care units, providing educational booklet and clinical practice. The duration of the lecture was 45 minutes using slides. The results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software version 21 and using t-test and chi-square. 

Comparison of the frequency of airway suctioning in mechanically ventilated patients before and after the intervention showed that the frequency of suctioning in mechanically ventilated patients have been decreased with  educational intervention.

Our findings show that the intervention in this study had decreased the frequency of suctioning in mechanically ventilated patients.

Occupational accidents have always been affected by the advancement of technology, with the emergence of emerging risks in the workplace, identifying the causes of accidents requires more careful study. With the aim of recognizing organizational and socio-psychological factors according to the mediating role of individual factors using structural modeling.

This is a cross-sectional-analytical study that was performed using structural equation modeling with AMOS approach in 2019(1398) in Baqiyatallah Hospital. The sample size was 480 people which was determined according to the structural studies model. Conceptual model evaluation was performed using IBM SPSS AMOS version 22.

The results of KMO and Bartlett test for the adequacy of the sample size was 0.890, which indicates the appropriate sample size. The results indicate the mediating role of public health as individual factors in the proposed model. Social factors with two components of work conflict - family and imbalance of rewards - effort has been one of the most important risks of occupational accidents. Also, the size of the organization has a significant relationship with the severity of the accident. Shift work is one of the most important organizational factors that has a significant and negative relationship with the mediating variable. The values of good fit index of X2/DF model, RMSEA, TLI, CFI, GFI and AGFI were equal to 2.315, 0.052, 0.909, 0.939, 0.952 and 0.957, respectively, indicates the optimal proposed model.

The analysis of the study hypotheses showed that the imbalance between reward and effort and the existence of severe conflict between work and family among the subjects is evident. These two factors and the type of work shift have a direct effect on accident severity and public health of people.

Title: Comparison of the incidence of covid-19 caregivers in the intensive care unit with the incidence of covid-19 caregivers in general wards: a descriptive cross-sectional study

Caregivers of corona patients in ICU wards and medical wards are at the forefront of treatment and care of corona patients who are exposed to infection with covid-19, differently based on the condition of corona patients in ICU wards and medical wards. This study was designed to compare the incidence of ICU wards caregivers with the incidence of medical wards caregivers.

In this study, 198 caregivers of corona patients including caregivers of corona patients working in medical wards and ICU wards from the three hospitals were studied. The study included demographic information, caregivers 'underlying diseases, clinical symptoms, hospitalization and caregivers' treatment after coronary heart disease. All this information was collected in the form of a checklist of these caregivers and finally the results of this study were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.
 

. The results of the study showed that 120 caregivers of patients with covid 19 were employed in the intensive care unit and 78 patients were employed in the  internal ward. 15 (19.2%)   of medical wards caregivers and 38 (31.7%)   of   ICU wards caregivers were hospitalized due to severity of infection, that was significant (Pvalue = 0.037). The mean age of participants in this study was 34.6 years. Six of the ICU patients and 3 of the internally employed patients had diabetes. Twenty-five ICU ward staff and nine internal wards were smokers. In terms of clinical symptoms, caregivers of ICU wards were significantly more likely than those with medical wards to have symptoms of fever (Pvalue = 0.001), shortness of breath (Pvalue = 0.013), weakness and lethargy (Pvalue = 0.000), and weight loss (0.001) = Pvalue).

According to the results of this study, caregivers of ICU wards were more exposed to the more severe type of coronavirus infection than caregivers of the medical ward, and continues training is needed on how to prevent coronavirus infection. Specialized personal protective devices and equipment should also be provided to ICU and medical wards caregivers so that they can better protect themselves against the coronavirus.

Air pollution is a major problem worldwide and is a serious problem for athletes who exercise or compete in urban environment. Exercise results in increased minute ventilation and increased exposure to pollutants and environmental pollution Hence The aim of this study was Strategies to prevent the harmful effects of environmental pollutants on the athletes chr('39')  respiratory performance.

This study is a systematic review and the literature of this study  are collected in mesh without time limit using the websites of Pubmed, google Scholar, SID, PubMed, Irandoc, Science direct, Scopus and searching for the two keywords "environmental pollutants" and " the athletes chr('39')  respiratory performance ". Of these, 84 articles related to the subject of the present study were adapted and divided into two categories: abstracts and complete articles and were examined in depth based on the degree of novelty.

Protective behaviors of athletes, such as running away from pollutants, exercising in parks and during the hours with the lowest concentration of pollution, being aware of the concentration of pollutants in the environment, exercising early in the day (before 7am), Not attending and competing in the early hours of summer especially for athletes with asthma, absence of asthmatic athletes in places and high hours, use Protective masks during exercise, indoor exercise in times of severe air pollution, and transporting them from low-traffic areas to stadiums or racing environments, improving air quality and vitamin intake C, A, E, D and consumption of probiotic products help reduce the harmful effects of environmental pollutants on athleteschr('39') respiratory performance.

The severity of respiratory symptoms and the consequent decrease in respiratory function in athletes following exposure to environmental pollutants are influenced by the duration and intensity of exercise, the athletechr('39')s underlying disease, the type of pollutant, Distance and proximity to areas with high pollution and hours of exposure to pollutants.

The main cause of death of children in the world is accidents. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on health belief model on accident-preventive behaviors in mothers with children under 5 years in Takestan city in the years 1398 to 1399.

This study is a quasi-experimental interventional study with two intervention and control groups. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. The sample size in this study was 60 people in each group who were divided into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention group was trained in different methods during four training sessions. After the training of the intervention group, post-test was obtained from both groups and information was analyzed.

The mean score of knowledge increased after the educational intervention. Also, according to the P-value, the difference at the significant level is 0.001. In the intervention group, except for the perceived severity, other components are significant. In other words, in the intervention group, except for the perceived severity, the mean scores increased in other components.

According to the study, it was observed that educational intervention based on the health belief model has a positive effect on increasing motherschr('39') awareness and practice in accident prevention in children under five years.