Journal of Advanced Sport Technology
Volume:7 Issue: 3, Summer 2023

One of the main challenges of intellectually disability children is the high prevalence of gait and balance problems due to muscle weakness. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of an eight-week training protocol focused on the combination of strength and proprioceptive exercises on the balance and motor performance in boys with intellectual disability. 34 boys with intellectual disability aged 9 to 13 years were selected among the available people and randomly divided into two experimental (n=17) and control (n=17) groups. The experimental group performed selected sports exercises for eight weeks, and the control group did not participate in any regular exercise program. Static balance, functional balance, lower limb strength and gait speed were measured before and after the training period. The results showed that the combined protocol of strength and proprioceptive exercises had a significant effect on static and functional balance, gait speed and lower limb strength (P=0.001). No significant change was observed in the control group (P>0.05). Combined strength and proprioceptive exercises lead to the improvement of balance and movement performance of intellectually disability boys; Therefore, it is suggested to use this exercise protocol to improve the physical fitness factors of these patients.

Creation a relationship between athletes and physical closeness between them can increase the risk of coronavirus at during team and group training. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to design a new smart training tool for ball sports in order to use at pandemic covid-19 period. This training tool includes 4 fixed mechanical rods to install the net on it, a movable column that can be adjusted at different angles, and 3 fixed mechanical rods to keep smart tool fixed on the ground. Also, another mechanism was used in this tool was a complex of electronic components which can count all impact there. The smart training tool can be a very useful tool in order to continue exercise program during the covid-19 pandemic and it can provide a healthy environment for athletes.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of acute fatigue on the plantar pressure distribution in professional young male volleyball players. A total of 38 young male volleyball players (aged 16-20 years) volunteered for this study and were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n=20) who performed the functional fatigue protocol, and the control group (n=18) who did not perform the fatigue protocol. The fatigue protocol in this study was of a functional and volleyball-specific nature, consisting of six repetitive cycles of movements until fatigue was reached. Plantar pressure distribution was measured using a foot scanner before and after the application of functional fatigue during walking task. One-way ANOVA was used to investigate between-group differences, and repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the fatigue effect within each group. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21) at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The results showed that after fatigue, between-group differences of plantar pressure distribution increased in both feet. Significant differences between the two groups were observed in the force values of the left small toe, first, second, and third metatarsals, midfoot, and heel medial of the right foot (p < 0.05). The results indicated that fatigue leads to an increase in maximum distributed force. These factors can potentially increase the risk of injury in individuals.

The purpose of this study was to design and manufacture the safety conveyor device in treadmill maximal tests. This device was designed and manufactured considering the subject not falling off the treadmill, and not getting injured during a maximal test. First, the safety conveyor device, was made in small sizes of 30 cm as a prototype before, so that the size of the device can be examined and evaluated realistically. Then a sample was made with iron alloy. The results indicate that the safety conveyor device in the prototype did not have the ability to withstand overload, however after strengthening the conveyor device protector, it acquired the ability to maintain the overload. The safety conveyor device, which has the ability to open and close, prevents the subject from falling and getting injured during extreme tests.

Athletes with nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) may have different kinematic patterns during cutting maneuver compared with healthy individuals. To investigate the kinematic risk patterns of anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) during an unexpected cutting maneuver in athletes with non-specific CLBP and compare it with those without nonspecific CLBP athletes. Twenty female athletes (10 with nonspecific CLBP and 10 without nonspecific CLBP) participated in this study. All participants engaged in sports whose common movements included cutting maneuvers. Participants performed an unanticipated cutting maneuver based on the direction in which the visual stimulus was shown by the examiner. A three-dimensional motion analysis system was used to collect the data on the knee and trunk flexion, knee valgus and tibia rotation on the femur at initial contact and peak value. Kinematic data were processed by Nexus software. An independent t-test was used in SPSS software at a significance level of 5% to compare variables between two groups. The results showed that peak trunk flexion, trunk flexion at initial contact, and peak knee valgus were significant between the two groups during the cutting maneuver. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in other variables. The results of this research indicated some kinematic pattern alterations in individuals with non-specific CLBP during the unanticipated cutting maneuver. Therefore, to prevent secondary injuries and exacerbation of back pain in athletes, it is recommended to take the non-specific CLBP of athletes into account and investigate the possible causes of its occurrence and treatment.

One of syndromes that arising from muscle imbalances in the sagittal plane is lower crossed syndrome, and characterized by "crossed pattern" of postural dysfunction and lumbopelvic motion. The aim of this study is investigating the effects Janda's and Sahrmann's correcting exercise approaches on trunk muscles function in young girls with lower crossed syndrome. The present study was semi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical sample of this research was 45 non-athletic young girls’ students from 18 to 30 years old in the dormitories of Shahrekord University. They were randomly divided into three groups of 15 subjects of Janda's and Sahrmann's training group and the control group. The muscle function was evaluated with sit and reach test, McGill protocol, and Plank test. The training program consisted of eight weeks and three sessions per week. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 27 software and a one-way ANOVA test at a significance level of 0.05. One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant difference among the groups for all variables after trainings (P≤ 0.01). The LSD post hoc test revealed that significant differences are between the control group and both training group in all variables (P≤ 0.01), also at sit and reach test and right-side plank test between Janda's approach and Sahrmann's approach corrective exercise groups (P≤ 0.04). Although stretching and strengthening trainings could be affect and retreat the muscular functions in musculoskeletal abnormalities like that lower crossed syndrome, further neuromuscular and sensorimotor trainings should be considered for better rehabilitation because of changes in muscles coordination and balance in abnormalities.