نشریه سیستم های انرژی پایدار
سال یکم شماره 4 (پاییز 1401)

With the gradual reduction of available fossil fuel reserves and environmental impacts, the rate of use of renewable energy in the world has increased. One of the advantages of finite fuels is the constant availability of their use, to achieve sustainability in the supply of energy carriers. Subsequently, to meet the demand in various sectors, it is necessary. Develop technologies to use new energy. One of these renewable energy sources is the offshore energy of the seas and oceans, which has significant potential in the Persian Gulf of Iran. There are many ways to achieve kinetic energy due to the Stream of fluid created by the gravitational pull of the moon on the open waters, such as the use of horizontal axis turbines. Since these types of turbines have the same technology as the horizontal wind turbine built in different parts of Iran, they can be a good option for the construction of a power plant in Iran. In this paper, the effect of current amplifier diffusers on the tidal turbine and its impact on increasing the received power by the numerical method has been investigated. To investigate the numerically the turbine Stream, the confusion model of the two SST equivalents is used in the Ansys CFX fluid dynamics software. The geometry of the diffuser and turbine has been studied separately. And the proposed model includes a turbine with a channel, in which the increase in power is about four times that of the no channels mode.

In this research, firstly, a conceptual model designed of ten deep exploratoration wells has been developed, and based on this, a three-dimensional numerical model of the North-West Sablan geothermal system has been presented. For this purpose, the EOS3 module (water-air equation) of the Tough2 simulator code was used to simulate the model. The numerical model of the reservoir is expressed by a rectangular prism with a length of 11.5 km, a width of 8 km (92 km2) and a depth of 5.11 km, and it was expanded with 21 horizontal layers with a thickness range of 100 to 1000 meters from the maximum altitude of 4110 to -1000 masl. The number of 22 rock-types, whose distribution is based on the distribution of rock units and geological structures in 10 deep exploratory wells, was assigned to the model. The permeability of the rock types varies from 1*10E-17 to 9*10E-13 square meters. Modeling was done for the natural state of the reservoir and the validation results showed a good match between the data measured in the well and modeled for temperature and pressure. In the best fit, the simulation provided a zone of high temperature upward flow in the southeastern part of the range (sites D and E). This flow is transferred through permeable, faulted and fractured zones and is finally discharged through surface features (hot water springs) in the northwestern part of the area.

In hospitals, the issue of energy conservation, indoor climate control, and air conditioning is of particular importance, due to the high complexity and strict considerations in terms of comfort and safety. Hence, energy performance evaluation and energy efficiency measures for hospital departments are more complex compared to other buildings. In this study, the energy system of a hospital has been modeled using Design-Builder software and the results have been validated by the hospital's energy bills. Then, several scenarios have been proposed in order to reduce the energy demand for heating or cooling and improve the efficiency of primary energy systems. The amount of energy conservation in each scenario has been estimated. Ghiasi Hospital, located in the southwest of Tehran, was selected as the case study. Based on the modeling step, the current energy system of the hospital consumes 3.08 GWh of electricity and 4.23 GWh of gas annually. Adding a thermal recovery system can reduce the gas consumption of the system by 30%. On the other hand, improving the lighting system can save 22% in electricity consumption.

Buildings represent the largest energy-consuming sector; thus, exploring methods to decrease energy consumption within them is of utmost importance. Two energy-generating solutions within buildings are rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems and PV windows. Additionally, incorporating Phase Change Materials (PCM) into building walls presents an energy-saving solution. This research compares the reduction of energy consumption through PCM with electricity generation via rooftop PV systems and PV windows. Results indicate that reductions in electricity consumption for rooftop PV, PV windows, and PCM are 11.5%, 1.4%, and 2.1%, respectively. Furthermore, an economic analysis was conducted on the energy produced by the photovoltaic power plant for sale to Iran’s Ministry of Energy. Findings reveal that under the condition of selling electricity, the payback period for a rooftop PV system is 6.3 years.

Given the fact that there is a large impact of building energy consumption on our environment and modern society, there is an urgent need for efficient building energy management. The importance of this issue has grown in recent years due to rising concerns about environmental preservation and global warming. Researchers have been researching different strategies in order to achieve optimal energy use in buildings as well as to improve user comfort. This article studies building energy management by examining some studies related this topic and applying their results to a 4-storey office building located in Tehran. DesignBuilder software was used to simulate the building, taking into account the various factors influencing its energy consumption such as the occupants' daily schedules, location, and other external influences affecting thermal comfort conditions. Furthermore, solar panels were digitally incorporated into this simulation in order to find out how much solar energy could be used efficiently in order to provide part of the building's energy needs.

Scenario writing is a way to draw the future workspace. Different scenarios suggest different strategies that will have different applications. In the process of scenario writing, real options are found to decide what goals should be chosen and what the means to achieve those goals could be. This article has extracted the descriptors and modes that have been adapted to Iran's conditions after the discussion and exchange of opinions in the expert meetings. Next, the Cross-Impact Balance (CIB) was formed to evaluate the parameters relative to each other, and the simulation of descriptors and states was performed in the ScenarioWizard software. The results introduced 9 scenarios to achieve different goals in the state space. They followed 7 scenarios of technology development in the energy sector and two scenarios of technology development in the strategic sector of industry and mining. In the results, it was found that 8 descriptors were compatible in only one state and the remaining 5 descriptors found meaning in more than one compatible state. The development of distributed generation up to 15 thousand megawatts to expand the systems of combined heat and power, as well as use in areas far from the grid, and determining the penetration rate of renewable sources of 10 thousand megawatts in the country's electric energy network were among the important numerical states selected in the descriptors. Expanding international relations, attracting foreign capital, using domestic government credit resources such as the budget and credits of the National Development Fund of Iran, the development of targeted industrial knowledge-based companies according to the needs of the country and simultaneous attention to planning, infrastructural and operational parameters were considered important in the discussion of the resilience of the power grid from the selected non-numerical states At the end of the results, battery, hydrogen and pumped-hydro storage were selected as the preferred technologies.