نشریه ایلات و عشایر
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1400)

In the Qajar and Pahlavi eras, the tribes and nomads of Iran, both rural and nomadic, in addition to livestock and brief agricultural affairs, many of them at that time when it was difficult to live, to other occupations such as looting and plundering caravans, They also paid for militarism, hunting, and so on. Hunting was one of the occupations that human beings have been doing on this planet since the beginning of their lives and it continued in the vast land of Iran from ancient times to the Pahlavi era because there were plenty of halal meat animals in Iran. Among the tribes and clans of the country who were particularly skilled in hunting and hunting to feed themselves and their families, we can mention people from the great Beiranvand tribe, many of whom live for their livelihood or for their stomachs and covenants. Their families were busy selling their prey or their skins to make a living in the era in question.

il shahsun baghdadi is one of the province s of centeralmarkaziprovince.nadir shahs primary nucleus was il baghdadi in 1145-46 AH during the battle with the ottomans from the nearby areas of kirkuk to khorasan.the main body of this baghdadi after migrating to khorasan with the onset of the murder of nadir shsh went to the faris area and after the death of karimkhan zand in the early qajar rule ghazvin protected areas were located in hamedan and adjoining areas and the kharaghan mountain range was confrimed by official authhority as a tribal residence.the range of these nomads around the cities of saveh and zarandieh in northern markazi province and their mountain peaks are the northern highlands of hamedan province.the present research seeks to answer the question of what features the al_qassish emigration of baghdadi based in markazi province?the reserch shows that the main structure of nomadic society in the province of markazi has been completeiy changeddue to the changes of the past decades. it only remains one of the names.

The aim of this study is to identify the potential of tourism in Nomad areas that According to weaknesses of usual methods, the Discriminant analysis approach was used for this purpose. To obtain information, used documentary methods, district view, interviews with tribes and experts, and a type of checklist. This checklist, which was the questionnaire containing the variables, observed by the researcher from the region and from view point of Nomads and Environmental Affairs of the province, completed and the values obtained were entered into the analysis The dependent variable of this study is the planar variable of regions, in both tourist attraction areas and areas with tourism potential have been diagnosed. This method shows combines two or more independent variables that best explain the difference between two or more groups. As result, the 53.414 for detection indicator (between 0 to 100) was estimated tourist areas and areas with potential for tourism that is obtained from 8 variables of The notification, Reputation, awareness of people from regional, tourism service availability, quality of access reads, the route map existence, access to water for washing and access to drinking water. Based on these criteria, four of the five target area has the potential for tourism.

The main objective of this research is Study and analysis of the situation of tribes and nomads in Lorestan province during 1987 to 2008. In other words, in this research, we try to answer this question: What is the status of the tribes of Lorestan province in the three decades of 1987, 1998 and 2008? To answer the main question, according to the censuses on nomads during the years 1987 to 2008, variables such as the status of the age and gender of the tribes, the handicrafts situation, the livestock situation, the state of agriculture and gardening, the number of families of tribes and tribes Their independent status, marital status, and nomadic population of the province were studied. The study method in this study is a type of secondary study, in which the required data is already collected and available. The statistical population of this study is data obtained from general census of tribes of Lorestan province which were collected during the years 1987 to 2008. The research findings show that the handicrafts of the nomads of Lorestan are on the upward trend in the dimension of production and sale, and this trend is visible from 1987 to 2008 years. In the field of livestock breeding situation, the livestock has fallen in the dormancy period and has risen in the honeymoon period. Also, the agricultural and horticultural variable has declined due to land area and dry land, and the number of households in the elk and clan is decreasing in the dormancy period and in the ascending course of livestock And the marital status variable also has the highest number of spouses in the spouse's later life. The findings also show that the nomadic population of the province has been decreasing over these three decades.

This study aims to investigate economic-social effects of Bakhtiari nomads habitation. The current study is the type of descriptive – correlation studies which is practical in terms of objective. Research statistical community are heads of nomad households resident in Shahid Gholipour city at Shooshtar pre-province with 350 households which 300 families were settled in the focus of development in the years of 1998-1999 and 50 families of nomadic tribes of mentioned tribe who were settled in the vicinity of development center of Shahid Gholipour and migrated to countryside areas of Masjid Soleiman and Kouhrang in the summer. 108 heads of households as an inhabited member were measured as sample size using Cochran formula and 50 heads of households of the families uninhabited surveyed as census. The main research instrument was questionnaire and its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and research reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different parts (0.85). The results showed that cosmopolitan orientation, variable access to welfare services and family size, social participation variables, age and a variable amount of agricultural land in the Gholipour city eight variables affecting the Bakhtiari Nomads. Access to utilities and household size variables show a negative impact on its willingness to settle.

This study aims to investigate outcomes of Bakhtiari Nomads habitation and implications for livestock development in habitation centers at ShahidGholippur at Shooshtar city. The current study is the type of descriptive – correlation studies which is practical in terms of objective. Research statistical community are heads of nomad households resident in ShahidGholipour city at Shooshtar pre-province with 350 households which 300 families were settled in the focus of development in the years of 1998-1999 and 50 families of nomadic tribes of mentioned tribe who were settled in the vicinity of development center of ShahidGholipour and migrated to countryside areas of Masjid Soleiman and Kouhrang in the summer. 108 heads of households as an inhabited member were measured as sample size using Cochran formula and 50 heads of households of the families uninhabited surveyed as census. The main research instrument was questionnaire and its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and research reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different parts (0.78). Obtained results show that four factors almost explain 57.40% of the variance related to implications for livestock development in the region. These factors include access to productive services, reducing the risk of manufacturing, marketing and access to productive inputs. Study of implications of nomad accommodation shows that five outcomes explain almost 53.13% of the variance related to factors. These factors include cultural effects, production effects, social problems, leadership and employment.