پژوهشنامه اقتصاد کلان
سال هجدهم شماره 39 (پاییز 1402)

The purpose of this article is value-added and total factor productivity (TFP) growth accounting of 17 food and beverage two-digit ISIC industries by the endogenous growth theory approach in the period of 2003-2018. The results of research showed that in the production process, labor force and capital stock are complementary and the return to the scale trend is upward, which is compatible with the endogenous growth theory. The analysis of value-added growth indicated that classical production inputs (capital stock and labor force) play a dominant role in the growth of food and beverage industries. However, a considerable portion of their contribution in the value-added growth is due to the mixed with technology. The findings showed that technology has affected the productivity of labor force more than the productivity of capital stock and on this basis, the share of labor force-embedded technology in value-added growth growth is high and the share of capital- embedded technology is low in food and beverage value-added growth . In addition, the traditional growth accounting method in estimating the share of total factor productivity is associated with an underestimation error, and in the new growth accounting theory, the contribution of free technology in growth is significant.

The Interaction of Globalization and Innovation on Poverty Abstract :Throughout human history, poverty has been considered one of the undesirable economic and social phenomena of different societies, and it is now recognized as one of the major problems of the world community, and efforts to reduce it have become one of the important goals of the countries of the world . has been Meanwhile, globalization and innovation are tools that can affect poverty and reduce it . Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the mutual effect of globalization and innovation on poverty in selected science - producing countries with per capita income above 20 thousand dollars and below 20 thousand dollars during the period of 2011 - 2019 using panel data techniques and the generalized method of moments ( GMM ) . The research results indicate a negative and significant effect of the mutual effect of globalization and innovation dimensions on poverty in both groups of selected countries during the study period . In addition, the effect of control variables of misery and inequality on poverty in both groups of selected countries is positive and significant . Keywords : Poverty , Globalization , Innovation .

Economic power is considered as one of the important components in geopolitical competition. The economic power of countries is mainly influenced by the factors that play a role in their national power. Meanwhile, economic factors are among the factors that are effective in both national power and economic power of countries. Some of such factors have a geopolitical nature due to their significant role in displaying the national power of countries in the international and global arenas. As sources of power, such factors are considered by the powers in geopolitical competition.They are also considered as effective geopolitical variables in the regional and global geopolitical system. Based on the identification of economic factors effective in economic power, the current research seeks to explain the geopolitical variables of economic power. The main research question is what are the geopolitical variables of economic power based on economic factors? The approach of the current research is theoretical and explains the causal relationship between the dependent variables (economic power) and the independent variable (geopolitical variables). The method of collecting information and data has been done in base on library and documents form.The research method is descriptive-analytical. In response to the main question of the research, the variables affected by economic factors affecting economic power were explained under the title of "geoeconomic variables". Each of these conceptual variables includes several operational variables that are effective in national power and national economy, which determine the country's economic power as a whole.

In this study the impact of oil revenue governance on the economic growth of selected OPEC member countries with an emphasis on the development of the stock market, using the PVAR GMM method was investigated. For this purpose, the required data related to the research variables was gathered from Global Financial Development Database (GFDD), World Development Indicators (WDI), International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the database of selected OPEC member countries (Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Venezuela, Nigeria, Algeria, United Arab Emirates and Libya) during 2003-2022 and STATA software was used for data analysis. The results showed that the governance indicators of oil revenues, or in other words, the share of public sector investment from oil revenues and the share of private sector investment from oil revenues, have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in the studied countries. Also, the development indicators of the stock market have positive and significant effect on the economic growth in the studied countries. In addition, the mutual effect of the share of public and private sectors investment from oil revenues and stock market development indicators strengthens the effect of the share of public and private sector investment from oil revenues on economic growth. Finally, oil revenues have a significant positive effect on the economic growth of considered countries, but with the increase in the rate of oil revenues, the economic growth of considered countries will decrease, which indicate the existence of the curse of natural resources or the Dutch disease in studied countries.

Considering the role of renewable energy sources in the sustainable development process of countries and the significance of economic and political stability in financing renewable energy projects, this research utilizes the Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model in various separate models to investigate the impact of systematic risk (including political, economic, and financial risks) on the relationship between financial development (stock market development and banking sector development) and the development of renewable energy technologies (RET) in oil-producing countries (including developing and developed oil-producing countries) during the period from 2000 to 2021. Using nonlinear behavior detection tests, the existence of a nonlinear relationship between financial development and the development of renewable energy technologies was confirmed. The systematic risk variable was chosen as an appropriate transition variable, and a nonlinear panel regression model with a two-regime logistic transition function with a one-time transition was considered as the proposed pattern for this relationship. The overall results of the model estimations indicate that the relationship between financial development and the development of renewable energy technologies varies depending on the level of systematic risk in countries. An increase in the numerical index of risk from its threshold value and entry into the second regime, indicating a reduction in risk levels in countries, enhances the positive impact of financial development on the development of renewable energy technologies. The findings also suggest that in the first regime and at higher risk levels (before the threshold), the banking sector, compared to the capital market, has a greater impact on the development of RET in oil-producing countries. However, in the second regime where the risk level is lower (after the threshold), both the banking sector and the capital market have a positive impact on the development of RET. Additionally, the results show that different indicators of financial development and risk have varying effects on the development of RET in developing and developed oil-producing countries.

The main purpose of this article was to analyze the state of the banking system in terms of the main influencing factors and specifically the interbank interest rate on the profitability of commercial banks. Therefore, after studying the theoretical foundations and literature review of this field, the background of the research was examined with the knowledge of previous experiences. The current research is applied research that aims to help improve the structure and performance of commercial banks by using the research results. To do this, a descriptive-analytical method is used. Also, library methods and the databases of the Securities and Exchange Organization and the Time Series Bank of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran have been used to collect the required data. The statistical sample of this research consists of 17 state, private, and privatized commercial banks. In addition, in this article, to analyze the data analysis, the econometric methodology of estimating the model of simultaneous equations is used. According to the research findings, the interbank interest rate has a direct and negative effect and the coefficients obtained from the model estimation are significant. It is worth mentioning that factors such as bank size, bank concentration index, and ownership ratio also have a significant effect on the profitability of commercial banks under study. Also, the results show that macroeconomic variables such as annual inflation rate and economic growth rate have a negligible effect on the exogenous variables of the model.