نشریه پژوهش در آموزش مطالعات اجتماعی
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 17، پاییز 1402)

Farhangian University, based on the upstream documents and especially the six aspects of the fundamental Evolution document and itsconstitution,since 2014 changed the title of theacademic fields from "Dabiri"to"Education" in order to put an emphasis onthe acquisition of Pedagogical Content knowledge along other general capabilities and thematic. Therefore, the acquisition of "artistic literacy" to create an aesthetic sense, cultivate artistic creations and philosophical thinking and the correct attitude in the minds and behavior of learners, was emphasized in university curriculum as one of the six fields of education with the addition of a new lesson entitled "The application of art in "Education". One of these curriculums is " Geography Teaching ". Based on the goals of this program, student get to know geographical knowledge, thinking and skills so that their attitude towards their geographical and environmental location should beimproved. The findings of the research, obtained by descriptive-analytical method, show the strengthening of "literacy" byusing various elements and components such as texture, background, color, image making replicas, models, anddrawing geographical maps in drawing and teaching topographical maps, while acquiring geographical literacy,canleadto strengthening of cognitive, attitudinaland skill bases of learners and make FarhangianUniversitymore successful in achieving the goals listed in the educational programs.

the main objective of this research is to identify the challenges of teaching geography from the perspective of humanities geography teachers. For this purpose, a qualitative research method (interpretive analysis) was utilized, in conjunction with semi-structured interviews with 20 humanities geography teachers from the second level of high schools in North Khorasan province. The findings showed at least five main issues, titled: 1- Technological challenges with five sub-issues Inclusive of; lack of schools' equipment with geographical tools, interactive maps, GIS, satellite images, and online education; 2- The gap between theory and practice with two sub-issues; lack of connection between conceptual examples and the real world, and the gap between theory and practice; 3- Teaching method challenges with four sub-issues; teachers' lack of awareness of effective teaching methods in geography, time constraints, lack of school support in organizing field trips, and unawareness of the geography curriculum; 4- Resource limitations and shortages with three sub-issues; educational, financial, and experienced human resources; and finally, 5- Content challenges with two sub-issues; complexity of concepts and unawareness of content changes are among the fundamental challenges in geography education as perceived by the participants. The conclusions also include explanations of the issues along with possible solutions.

The general goal of teaching geography in the Farhanian University is to train students who are committed and expert teachers who are also interested in the knowledge of geography. Learning how to prepare all kinds of functional maps through DEM data is one of the most important ways to get information from the natural and human environment. The digital height model or the digital model of the earth can be considered a raster digital map, which contains the height information of all the points of a range. The digital elevation model for each surface is presented in pixel form, the spatial resolution and accuracy of which depends on the size of each pixel. In general, the data required for the production of elevation models can be prepared and produced using ground survey, radar interferometry, lidar, and photogrammetry methods, which produce the same product (elevation data) with different accuracies. do The purpose of this research is to teach how to prepare elevation profile, rate curve, slope and direction map through DEM data. The main data of this research is the DEM map that was downloaded from the United States Geological Survey website. The tool used in this research to produce maps

The purpose of the current research is to review the software applications in geography education. The traditional research method is based on the developmental goal. The results have shown that the most common software in teaching geography is Power Point, among other software used are Google map to get latitude and longitude, Google Earth to get geographic coordinates, Seterra to get information about different countries, world map atlas World atlas geography, NASA World Wind is a 3D virtual world, its production philosophy is also education, Orbit about the solar system, planets and stars. Pc globe for the continents and countries of the world, Surfer in the field of topography and mapping, ER Mappe for the analysis of satellite photos-applied in remote sensing and processing of geographic images, World Atlas 3D for a better understanding of geography in geography data. Finally, technology in the system While the new educational system has changed the philosophy of education from teaching to learning, it has changed the learning circuit from teacher-centered to learner-centered. Taking advantage of information and communication technology due to its educational advantages of long-term memorization in geography education can have a significant impact on lifelong, broad and deep teaching-learning.