نشریه مطالعات سبک شناختی قرآن کریم
پیاپی 14 (بهار و تابستان 1403)

In their translations, the translators of the Holy Quran have paid attention to language units such as phonemes, words, combinations, phrases and sentences and they have chosen their translation method word by word, literal, free (adaptation), interpretative and semantic (conceptual, expressive, content to content). Each translation method relies on a linguistic unit and translators define their approach based on it. The present study, with a diachronic approach and descriptive-analytical method, examines the evolutionary process of linguistic units in various methods of translation of the Holy Quran and their evolution over time, and based on the translations of Surah Fatiha, explained and distinguished each one from the other. And by determining the linguistic units, the writer has explained the positive and negative points of each of these methods along with the challenges in the process of translating the Quran. The result shows that the developments related to the methods of translation of the Holy Quran have been in two fields of approach and linguistic units; It means that it is based on linguistic units from author-oriented or audience-oriented and has evolved from word to sentence; Also, in the beginning, the translators of the Holy Quran benefited from the linguistic unit of the word and proposed the method of word-for-word translation, then they turned to sentence-oriented and used methods such as semantic and interpretive translation. Therefore, the main difference between the translations of Surah Al-Fatiha is in the level of the primary meanings of the words, verses and the entire surah, which is caused by the author-oriented or audience-oriented view of the Qur'an.

Phonetic stylistics, as one of the branches of stylistics, has an important position in linguistic research. Based on the descriptive and analytical method, the present study has studied the stylistic analysis of Surah Saffat from two phonetic and lexical levels in order to examine the most prominent phonetic and lexical aspects of the mentioned Surah, such as the nature of the letters and the frequency of its repetition, rhythm, puns, and syllables used in it. The findings indicate that phonetic elements such as repetition, rhythm, puns, etc. as examples of phonetic elements, play an important role in conveying concepts and meanings. From the lexical point of view, the use of sound masculine plural from with high frequency and past verbs in baab-e-taf'eel has been more effective in the Surah. And finally, both sounds and words are in line with the topic of the Surah, which is the expression of God's monotheism and the punishment of polytheists.

A number of Quranic verses contain allegorical events, and in order to present an accurate, correct and comprehensive interpretation of the Quranic text, it is necessary for the commentators to be informed about the language of these statements in order to achieve the purposes of the verses, and to clarify their school regarding linguistic opinions. This research is written with a descriptive-analytical method based on library data and information, especially using literary, rhetorical books, early and late interpretations and the results obtained from it include: the Quranic language is not single-faceted in expressing allegorical propositions, but it is multi-faceted; In such a way that the facts of the Quran are expressed in a literary and artistic format in an allegorical language and in an enlightening and realistic manner, and through the use of these allegorical propositions, while understanding the surface and external meaning of the propositions, at the same time, the deep, inner and real meaning behind the appearances of the words is also instilled and there is no way for imagination, illusion and lies. Its sacred language is the language of correcting inner beliefs in beliefs such as polytheism, hypocrisy and worldliness; and the language is a modifier of social behaviors in matters such as breach of covenant and undesirable charity (INFAQ); also, several other types of its application can be listed in the following matters: the language of guidance, truth-oriented, forward-looking, lesson-taking, and objective cognitive and epistemological value.

Every language style is made up of phrases and words that make that language have spirit and meaning. Language plays an essential role in communicating with others, but if music is given sufficient attention in addition to these words, a better result will be obtained and the desired meaning will be accurately and well conveyed. Therefore, music is very important in language and poets and writers can use it to increase the literary value of their words. The Holy Quran is the most sublime text in which the words convey the desired meanings in the best way. In the Holy Quran, the music of words and phrases has been chosen in the best possible way, and the examination of different surahs shows well how the music of words and phrases in the verses has helped convey their meaning and concept. This research has been written with a descriptive analytical method and using library resources to examine the Taqvir surah in terms of its musical layer and to reveal the role of musical elements in expressing the meanings of this surah well.  Finally, it was concluded that the music governing the different parts of this surah fits well with the intended meanings and concepts; Whether the music is derived from the repetition of letters and words, whether it is internal music, as well as the music in the upper letters, which fluctuated from short syllables to long syllables, and in categories such as expression after ambiguity, warning and informing, and other concepts well showed itself.

Social life in Arab societies from pre-Islamic periods relied on a tribal system, and internal relationships among its members were based on kinship and relative relationships. In this system, a specific division of social units is observed, both within tribes and in higher-level units such as "sha'ab" (branches), and it has often been assumed that these designations are primarily indicative of kinship. The Quran employs terms like "sha'ub," "qabila," "faseela," "raht," and "ashira" to describe these social structures, and this study aims to explore the relationship between these tribal divisions and how the multiplicity of words of the tribal system can be understood through etymological analysis. The focus of this study is on the etymological analysis of the words of the tribal system using a descriptive-analytical approach with the aim of defining common meanings and semantic differences in tribal divisions to show the diversity and lexical importance of these infrastructural principles. This investigation can contribute to a better understanding of the fundamental concepts and foundations of these structures in Arab societies and provide insights into the relationship between these divisions and the associated lexical differences. The primary hypothesis of this study is that the core meaning of these words within these structures refers to groups and communities, and the existence of various branches and subcategories within the tribe serves particular group-related functions, depicting activities and objectives of kinship groups, from small to large, in Arab culture.

The present article is an analysis of a systematic example of the method of inferring the concepts of the words of the Qur'an in order to better benefit the audience of the Qur'an from its content. Based on the descriptive-analytical method, the writer analyzed the method of "Ayesha bint Al-Shati" in " Al I'jaz al bayani li al Qur'an (Problems of Nafi ibn al-Azraq)" and "Al-Tafsir al-Bayani l'al-Qur'an al-Karim" and selected eight words - "rabbiun", "makhmsa", "fi qulobham maraz" , put "Sarr", "Anas", "Fargh", "Nasb" and "Zal" as a base sample. Based on the results of the research, Bent Al-Shaty organized his method based on the principle of lack of synonymity and for a better and accurate explanation of the meanings of the verses, he followed and paid special attention to " thematic interpretation of a word by investigating all the verses containing the word " and "examining and criticizing the opinions of lexicographers and commentators under the verses and words". It seems that in many cases, his method has the ability to be modeled in the research of Quranic words, although there are criticisms such as the incompleteness and cumbersomeness of the reasons for rejecting the lack of synonymity of some words.

Keywords, as an important element of the text, have various uses, one of which is to identify the interpretive tendency of the interpreter. Different interpretive tendencies each have their own evidences and identification in an interpretive text requires spending a lot of time and studying all or most of the text, usually in detail. However, by using key words in less time and with more ease and accuracy, the interpretive tendency of the interpreter will be obtained. In this research, first, by using library and electronic tools, the interpretive text was speed read in order to identify and describe the key words. Then, by designing the semantic network of the key words, it was possible to compare this semantic network with the coordinates of different interpretive tendencies, and in this section, the data analysis and comparison method was also used. The semantic network obtained from the key words indicates the mystical tendency of the interpreter with an emphasis on spirituality and worship.

Correct understanding and familiarity with the Holy Quran, as a motivation rooted in the words of revelation and the life of religious elders, requires ability in many fields of knowledge, centered on Islamic and literary sciences. Meanwhile, some interpreters have analyzed the meaning of Khatam's miracle by using special but effective methods. Tanqim, or the use of rhythm and melody of words in reading and measuring the meaning of Quranic verses, is one of these methods. This is despite the fact that according to some, the phonetic-implicational use of melody in the Arabic language and, accordingly, the language of the Qur'an, is a new issue and has no history. The issue that prompted the present library research to identify the phonetic types and functions and the conceptual implications of melody in the interpretation of the Qur'an by describing and analyzing some verses of God's words. The present study found that there is an amazing order and coherence between the words of the Holy Quran and the meanings behind them. The songs and melodies of the verses of the Qur'an, in addition to their ability to have a wonderful effect and pleasing to the ears, have a complete connection with the concepts they contain, and the accuracy in their application becomes the basis for association and better understanding of the themes and intentions of the divine verses. Good consideration and careful attention to the consistency and stability of the phonetic and semantic system of the Holy Qur'an, which is the result of distinguishing between the ruling authorities of the word and the precision in choosing the song and melody that fits it in the monotonous three tones and intonation, upward and downward, is an efficient approach in understanding the Holy Quran and human beings with the words of God.

One of the theories of translation is the theory of Vinay and Darbelnet. These two French theorists, citing their contrastive studies of French and Englishi in the " Comparative Stylistics of French and English; A methodology for translation", have introduced models for translating texts that translators of other languages can also benefit from. Quran translators are not exempt from this rule. Vinay and Darbelnet, in their book, propose two groups of direct and indirect strategies for translation, each of which has several methods. The direct strategy encompasses techniques of borrowing, claque, and literal translation, and transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation are techniques of the indirect strategy. The last two techniques, especially adaptation, are related to the important category of a society's culture; therefore, the quality of their use by translators is very important. The present study based on the theory of "comparative stylistics" of Vinay and Darbelnet addresses how these two techniques are used in the translations of Salehi-Najafabadi, Zamani, and Koosha using descriptive-analytical and contrastive methods, while investigating examples of them in the three aforementioned translations. The purpose of this study is to identify the Quranic equivalences and adaptations and the quality of their use in the above translations. The results suggest that firstly, all the three translators have not completely changed the vocabulary and structure of the Quran in using the technique of equivalence in some verses. Secondly, in some cases, different equivalents of the same term have been provided by three translators. Thirdly, in translations of the three translators, the technique of adaptation is often used in singular words (not combinations and sentences) which are culture-based.

As a special literary text, the Holy Qur'an contains techniques that identify the style and practical situation of which play a significant role in the emergence and manifestation of the meaning of the word. One of the most used techniques in the Holy Qur'an is the technique of brevity, which, if used in its proper place, is worthy of remembrance and makes the text beautiful. The upcoming research tries to analyze the technique of elimination in Surah Al-Kahf, its place as well as its types in this Surah, and while showing its most frequent type, it also states its goals by relying on descriptive-analytical method.The present study tries to analyze the technique of brevity, elimination, in Surah Mubarakeh Al-Kahf, its place as well as its types in this Surah, and while showing its most frequent type, it also expresses its goals by relying on the descriptive-analytical method. By examining the verses of this surah, the results of the research indicate that there are a total of 85 cases of this type of art in Surah Mubarakeh Al-Kahf, which are: the omission of nouns (54 cases), the removal of verbs (23 cases), the removal of letters (8 cases) among which, the abbreviation of "eliminating the object" with 26 cases is the most frequent of its kind, which abbreviation and reduction, the reference of the mentioned and the ellipsis, the clarity of the omitted, and the beautification of the word are among the main rhetorical motives for the use of the brevity of deletion ,and abbreviation, as the most basic function of brevity of omission, fits perfectly with the content of Surah Al-Kahf, which contains a story.

From the point of view of layered stylistics, the Holy Quran has conceptualized moral-educational teachings with the most eloquent stylistic techniques; each of the linguistic layers in itself is not the basis of communication, but interpersonal relationships are formed by giving birth to new meanings. Among the concepts of the Holy Quran, "Qur'anic supplications (prayers)" as the core of worship has a high frequency of semantic subtleties in the context of distinguished linguistic features and especially the lexical layer. Therefore, the present study is based on descriptive and analytical methods and with the approach of layered stylistics and case study of the lexical layer, to extract educational teachings in seventeen Quranic supplications and is aimed to answer this question, what language options have been used to generate educational concepts? The resulting approaches, the analysis of the lexical layer in the form of phonetic components, lexical construction and lexical substitution, provided concepts such as perfectionism, conversational politeness, humility of the supplicant against the invited, the necessity of gratitude for blessings, etc., to form a Quranic model for the practicalization of a perfect human being and the embodiment of eternal happiness. It is worth mentioning that the type of requests, the ranking and prioritization of requests and the factors of reaching divine proximity can be evaluated by systematic and methodical examination of stylistic levels.

One of the theories proposed in the field of applied language science, which is used in discourse analysis and can provide grounds for further understanding of the meaning and interpretation of texts, is the speech act theory. This theory was developed for the first time by Austin and then with the help of his student Searle according to the teachings he learned from linguists. Searle divided speech acts into 5 groups: assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative, and explained the characteristics of each of these acts. Quranic stories are one of the rich sources of linguistic studies, and by analyzing their linguistic structures and textual contexts, it is possible to examine various types of speech acts. This research tries to analyze the speech act in the field of linguistics using the descriptive method and content analysis, and then, considering the context of the speech, to analyze the types of Searle's classification of speech acts in the verses of Noah's story. Among the important functions of these acts is the detailed explanation of linguistic forms in order to discover the implicit meanings of religious propositions. The findings of the research show that the dominant context of the verses of the story is the type of assertive and expressive acts, these acts mostly seek to express the call to obey God and the divine prophets (peace be upon them), introduce God, describe the world of creation, and the description of Noah's views and states. expression of situations is type (A). One of the implicit meanings of the declaration act is the announcement of the beginning of the mission of Noah (pbuh) and the end of his mission with divine force and the announcement of disbelief in God on the part of unrighteous generations. And one of the indirect meanings of directive act is asking for destruction for the unbelievers.