فصلنامه مطالعات اجتماعی - روان شناختی زنان
سال بیست و یکم شماره 4 (پیاپی 77، زمستان 1402)

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between cultural capital and economic capital with domestic violence against women. The research method used in this study is a survey, and the statistical population under study included all married women of Qazvin city which 380 were selected using Cochran's formula and stratified random sampling as a sample. Research statistics were selected. The tool for collecting information is also a questionnaire. In order to estimate the reliability of the measuring instrument, content validity type was used and the reliability of the questionnaire was also estimated using Cronbach's alpha technique. Also, SPSS and Smart-PLS software were used for data analysis. The results of the research showed that the average amount of domestic violence against women is 61.24, and the highest amount of violence against women is psychological violence with an average of 35.29. Linear and negative correlation between cultural capital and economic capital with all four variable dimensions of domestic violence against women with a significant level of 0.1 and with 99% confidence, The type of linear relationship mentioned was also negative and inverse. The results of the regression analysis also showed that the independent variables of the research predicted 34% of the changes in the variable of domestic violence against women. Also, according to the results of structural equation modeling, the variables present in the path model have been able to explain 42.5% of the changes in the dependent variable.

One of the harms of social exclusion is increasing the tendency to use drugs. The present study was conducted with the aim of sociologically explaining the effect of social rejection on the tendency to use drugs among women who refer to drug withdrawal and rehabilitation centers in Tehran. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the statistical population of the research was women referring to the above centers in Tehran, and 385 of them were selected as a statistical sample based on the multi-stage random cluster sampling method. The research results showed; The independent variables of the research have explained a total of about 37% of the changes in the dependent variable, i.e. the tendency to use drugs, and about 60% of the changes in the dependent variable of the research have been evaluated outside of the researcher's imaginary model, also based on the results of the research of the seven variables; Non-present social relations, present social relations, associational participation, intergroup support, intragroup support and non-associational participation respectively had the greatest negative effect on the tendency to use drugs, in contrast to the independent variable of exclusion from the labor market in the tendency of the studied subjects. It had a positive effect on drug use. In better words, the variables; Face-to-face social relations, non-face-to-face social relations, association participation and intergroup support and intra-group support and non-association participation have had a reducing effect on the tendency to use drugs, but exclusion from the labor market has had an increasing effect.

Women play an important role in promoting entrepreneurial activities and improving the economic status of society. The entry of women into the business space is motivated by necessity or opportunity. Necessity women's entrepreneurship as unproductive entrepreneurship and opportunity women's entrepreneurship is known as productive entrepreneurship. Businesses of opportunity female entrepreneurs have a longer and more stable life cycle than those of necessity entrepreneurs due to their high entrepreneurial capabilities and various human, social, and financial capitals, and they reach the stage of established entrepreneurship and therefore contribute greatly to economic growth and development. However, necessity entrepreneurs due to their lower entrepreneurial capabilities and lack of access to all kinds of capital, are prevented from reaching the stage of established entrepreneurship and do not contribute much to the economy. The aim of the present study is to identify the factors affecting the transition of necessity female nascent entrepreneurs to established entrepreneurship. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and exploratory in terms of its nature. The statistical population of the research consists of 15 necessity female nascent entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship specialists from Poldakhter city, Lorestan province, who were selected in a purposeful way. The findings of the research showed that the main themes of financial support, Appropriate laws and tax system, access to empowering centers, technical and commercial infrastructure, formal and informal education, social capital, business management competencies, social status, market freedom, traits and psychological capital are effective in the transition of necessity female nascent entrepreneurs to established entrepreneurship

The present study sought to phenomenologically review the life experience of women in polygamous families and describe their lived experiences. A descriptive phenomenology study was conducted, and the field of study consisted of polygamous families of Minab in Hormozgan Province, Iran. Purposeful sampling method and snowball method were used. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 33 women who had lived in such families for many years, and their narratives were analyzed using the Colaizzi analysis technique.Data analysis revealed five key concepts of ruined life, maladaptive emotional reactions, spiritual and mental disorders, second wife, the favorite, tranquility in life, and encounter with co-wife from strife to pity; there were also 17 secondary concepts and 105 primary concepts. The results manifested that today the phenomenon of polygamy is no longer an acceptable norm for women in the study field, in contrary to the perception that it was considered as a cultural and relativistic matter. today the phenomenon of polygamy is no longer an acceptable norm for women in the study field, in contrary to the perception that it was considered as a cultural and relativistic matter. This phenomenon is considered as painful for women with identical conditions, religion, and culture as it is perceived as painful for other women with different religions and conditions; this is a completely internal matter for all women.

The present study was conducted to investigate the lived experience of working mothers regarding their lifestyle changes in the face of covid-19 virus pandemic.

This qualitative study was performed using phenomenological methodology. The research was conducted using purposive sampling of working mothers in various educational fields in Tehran during 1400-1401. After conducting 20 persons, data saturation was reached. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed with Smith's phenomenological method.

In this research, 8 main themes and 19 secondary themes were obtained, which main themes are: physical habits, psychological vulnerability, job problems, change of cost-income pattern, couple conflicts, mother-child conflicts, forced presence at home and difficulty of caring responsibilities.

The results of this study indicate the need for comprehensive attention to the issues and challenges of working mothers in the face of the multidimensional and complex phenomenon of the Covid-19 pandemic and its numerous positive and negative consequences in the field of women`s lifestyle. The results of this research are important for cultural planners and the field of mental health. Key words: Lifestyle, Covid-19 virus, Working mothers, Lived experiences, Phenomenology

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between gratitude, apology, and marital intimacy by moderating the role of arrogance among women in Tehran province. The research utilized a descriptive correlation design. The statistical population consisted of all women aged 20 to 50 in Tehran province in 2022 that had been living together for at least one year. The sample of 308 women was selected using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected through online questionnaires and measures including a Researcher-Made Apology Questionnaire, Authentic Pride and Hubristic Pride Scale (Tracy and Robbins, 2007), Gratitude Questionnaire developed (McCullough, Emmons & Tsang,2002), and Marital Intimacy Scale developed (Walker and Thompson,1983). SmartPLS-3 software was used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that gratitude had a positive association with marital intimacy, whereas apology and arrogance had a negative association with marital intimacy. Furthermore, arrogance moderated the relationship between gratitude and marital intimacy, but did not moderate the relationship between apology and marital intimacy. Based on these results, mental health experts are recommended to organize educational workshops to increase couples' awareness of the aforementioned factors, which can enhance the level of marital intimacy and improve the general health of women in relationships.

COVID-19 has led to numerous effects on mental health and family-related issues. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between domestic violence and marital instability with the mediation of ineffective attitudes on the commitment of women in Karaj during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method was descriptive and of the correlation type and structural equation model. The statistical population of this research included all married women living in Karaj in 1401-1400. 200 people were selected by available sampling method and answered the marital commitment questionnaire, domestic violence questionnaire, standard marital instability questionnaire, and ineffective attitude questionnaire. The proposed model was analyzed by the structural equation modeling method and using SPSS version 26 and AMOS software. The findings showed that the direct paths including the effect of domestic violence on women's commitment, marital instability on women's commitment, ineffective attitudes on women's commitment, and domestic violence on marital instability in the sample at the 0.05 level are correlated and have a significant relationship. Also, the indirect effects of marital instability and domestic violence through ineffective attitudes on marital commitment are correlated and have a significant relationship between them. The modified structural model of the research had a good and desirable fit with the research data. Therefore, the relationship between domestic violence and marital instability with the mediation of ineffective attitudes on the commitment of women in Karaj during the COVID-19 pandemic is confirmed. The research findings were also discussed with Johnson's power theory and Stanley and Markman's commitment theory.