فصلنامه پژوهش های حسابداری مالی
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 56، تابستان 1402)

Cost behavior plays an important role in the growth of sales and profitability of the company, and its effect on users' decision-making and determining the value of companies has made researchers pay attention to the asymmetric cost behavior again. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the moderating role of corporate governance on the relationship between financial risk and the stickiness of the cost of goods sold. The data of this study was collected from the audited annual reports of 128 manufacturing companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2013 to 2022 with a total of 1280 company-year observations, and the structural equation model approach was used to present the model. The findings showed that the cost of goods sold in the studied sample has a sticky behavior and financial risk and corporate governance have a positive and significant relationship with the stickiness of the cost of goods sold and also corporate governance moderates the relationship between financial risk and stickiness of the total price. The product has been sold. The results of the study can be useful for managers in order to understand cost behavior for planning, controlling and reducing costs, as well as for financial analysts and investors to evaluate the performance of companies and finally make investment decisions.

Risk and ambiguity, distinctive facets of environmental uncertainty, significantly influence a firm's disclosure decisions. In theoretical and empirical literature, risk disclosure emerges as a pivotal facet of interpretive disclosures within corporate financial reports, representing a rational response to uncertainty. Nonetheless, the mechanism guiding risk disclosure determinations amidst conditions of risk and uncertainty, while considering the equilibrium between agency advantages and costs, remains a gap within risk disclosure literature. This study investigates the nexus between risk disclosure and uncertainty at the corporate level, hinging upon business strategy and alertness criteria. Employing a multiple regression model, the research examines these hypotheses within firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the 2016-2021 period. The risk disclosure was assessed through content analysis of annual financial reports. The results demonstrate that firms pursuing the prospector-oriented strategy provide more risk disclosure than defender-oriented firms, aiming to mitigate information asymmetry and its agency benefits. Moreover, the findings illustrate that alert firms, through continual environmental scanning, diminish ambiguity cyclically, enhancing their comprehension of exposed risks and consequentially augmenting risk disclosure. In essence, this research underscores that a firm's strategic stance encompasses implications beyond operational and competitive domains, permeating financial reporting and risk disclosure determinations. Consequently, this study underscores the criticality of incorporating risk dimensions and environmental ambiguity into the interpretation and scrutiny of disclosure of risk related information.

The institutional shareholders inattention or lack of attention as the weakness of the supervisory mechanism and management overconfidence as the management’s behavioral factor can reduce the effectiveness of the incentive programs to maximize the company value and contracts efficiency. Based on this, the aim of this research is to investigate the effect of Institutional Investors’ Distraction on the stickiness of the board of directors' compensation with an emphasis on the management overconfidence of the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The test of the research hypotheses with the data of 123 companies in the period of 2012-2021 using multiple regression models, showed that while there is the effect of compensation stickiness, the Institutional Investors’ Distraction increases the intensity of compensation stickiness and by increasing the management overconfidence, the positive effect of Institutional Investors’ Distraction on the stickiness of the compensation stickiness increases. That is, the institutional shareholders inattention and management overconfidence causes a decrease in the proportionality of the paid compensation with the performance and an increase in the opportunistic behavior of the management.

Todays, business environment is facing a lot of uncertainty, and this increases the importance of budgeting in companies. This is why in recent years; various researches have been conducted in this field. Accordingly, this paper aims to evaluate them and answer to these questions: “what are the budgeting weaknesses in companies? What are the budgeting improvement obstacles in companies? And what are the approaches to improve budgeting in companies?” So, we search journal papers in this field using a systematic literature review and based on PRISMA protocol. After screening papers based on eligibility criteria, 32 papers were finally approved as papers related to the purpose and research questions. For achieving the trustworthiness of data and research findings, while using valid databases and applying a systematic process in literature review, research input sources were present to two experts and in addition an attempt was made to provide a rich description of the research process. Then, by analyzing the selected papers, 9 weaknesses, 6 obstacles and 20 improvement approaches were extracted. finally, considering the theoretical gap of existing researches, suggestions for future researches were presented.

The management's ability to use resources, through creating a sustainable competitive advantage, is a factor in increasing intellectual capital and, as a result, increasing the value of the company, and capable managers have more motivation to invest more favorably in intellectual assets, which can also improve the company's performance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of management ability on the increase of investment in intellectual capital according to the life cycle of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The current research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of methodology, it is descriptive of causal (post-event) correlation. To test the hypotheses of the research, 149 companies were selected from 2012 to 2021 using the systematic elimination sampling method from among all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. To test the hypotheses of this research and determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables, econometric models have been used and the relevant hypotheses have been investigated using the panel multivariate regression method. The findings of the research show that management ability increases intellectual capital. Also, the CEO's job concern (the CEO's lack of influence) increases the positive effect between management ability and intellectual capital. Contrary to that, the job concern of the CEO (the decline stage of the company in the life cycle) does not have a significant effect on the relationship between management ability and the increase of intellectual capital.

Ethical judgment is a thought process that is influenced by many factors such as the auditor's personal values ​​and external influences on audit judgments. In the field of auditing, people's risk tolerance can affect the volume of proceedings and the type of tests and ultimately overshadow the auditor's professional judgment. The purpose of this research is to develop the auditor's risk tolerance model with the aim of improving the auditor's professional judgment (multifaceted foundation data approach).The present research was conducted by interviewing 20 experts in the auditing profession, who were part of the auditors and members of the Certified Public Accountants Society of Iran, and by using the snowball method and multifaceted foundation data theory. In this way, 500 conceptual codes, 40 sub-categories, 15 main categories and 1 conceptual model were extracted and components such as professional experience, specialized knowledge, psychological factors, professional ethics, supervision of supervisory institutions, leadership, teamwork, cooperation, Stakeholder community, work complexity, auditor's internal satisfaction, stakeholder pressure, time pressure, motivation and personal interests, opportunistic behavior, cultural structure, justification power, etc. were identified. The results of this study showed that auditors' motives and unethical behaviors originate from factors such as individual characteristics, organizational position, professional characteristics, internal and external factors. Failure to pay attention to the occurrence of such behaviors shows a decrease in transparency and unwillingness to respond at the community level.