فصلنامه اعتیاد پژوهی
پیاپی 71 (بهار 1403)

The study aimed to investigate the mediating role of boredom in the relationship between cognitive abilities and addiction readiness in students.

The present research employed a descriptive-correlational approach using structural equation modeling. 200 students from the second secondary school in Khorramabad city were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The tools used in this research included the cognitive abilities questionnaire, the multidimensional state boredom, and the addiction readiness scale. To analyze the research model, the structural equation model was employed using AMOS 24 software.

The findings showed that cognitive abilities had a significant direct effect on readiness for addiction, and boredom played a significant mediating role in this relationship. Overall, the results indicated that the model had a good fit.

It is suggested that educational systems take steps to enhance cognitive abilities and focus on relevant and effective structures. This approach can help reduce boredom and potentially decrease susceptibility to addiction.

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of transcranial direct electrical stimulation (tDCS) on craving and decision-making styles in substance users.

The study employed a semi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest approach and included a control group. The statistical population of this research included substance users in Ardabil city in 2021 who had sought treatment at addiction treatment centers. Among these, 30 people were selected using cluster sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The participants in the experimental group underwent 15 twenty-minute sessions of anodic stimulation of the F3 region and cathodic stimulation of the F4 region. To collect data, we used a short scale to measure craving for substances and general decision-making styles. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Findings showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in rational, intuitive, dependent, immediate, and avoidant decision-making styles, as well as craving.

These results signify the dysfunction of prefrontal areas in the craving and decision-making processes in substance users. Electrical stimulation of these areas can be an effective intervention to reduce these deficiencies.

The present study was conducted to analyze the lifestyle meaning of young people who consume addictive substances in Farahzad, Tehran.

The present research method was qualitative and based on grounded theory. The statistical population of the present study included all young substance users living in Farahzad hangout in Tehran, and 35 of them were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured in-depth interviews, and data analysis was performed using open, central and selective coding methods.

Factors influencing the emergence and progression of the addictive lifestyle and self-inflicted suicide included individual and social factors (including pleasure-seeking and curiosity, misconceptions about drug use); underlying, sustaining, and aggravating factors (including family, social, environmental, and economic conditions); and intervening factors (including variables and psychological and emotional disorders, social labels, and consequences such as feelings of worthlessness, helplessness, failure, and departure from normal life). Also, the strategies involved assigning meaning to life in addiction, resisting change, and sharing struggles with peers in the hangout.

The interaction of individual, family, social, and institutional factors was effective in creating and giving meaning to the participants' addictive lifestyle. People who experience failure in life may turn to an addictive lifestyle to compensate for loneliness and isolation, leading to gradual self-destruction and self-inflicted suicide. It is recommended to pay attention to the realities of teenagers' and young people's lives, especially their disappointments and frustrations, and to understand the meaning of life from their perspective.

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of a family-based behavioral management program on dysfunctional attitudes and psychological well-being in adolescents with a propensity for Drug use.

The present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and included a control group. The statistical population of the research included all adolescents with a tendency towards Drug use who were referred to the Pardis Psychology Clinic in Rasht City in 2023, along with their parents. Among these, 28 people were selected using convenience sampling and assigned to the experimental group (n = 14) and control group (n = 14). Participants in both groups completed the dysfunctional attitude scale and the psychological well-being scale in pre- and post-tests. Group training on family-based behavioral management was conducted over 10 sessions, each lasting 60 minutes, with one session per week for the experimental group. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The findings of this research showed that family-based behavioral management program training decreased dysfunctional attitudes and increased psychological well-being in adolescents with a tendency towards Drug use.

According to the results of this research, family-based interventions can have significant implications in the field of psychological health and the prevention of Drug in adolescence.

The purpose of the current study was to explore the perspectives of drug users who are affiliated with Narcotics Anonymous regarding addiction, trends that precede treatment, and addiction treatment.

The research employed a qualitative approach and thematic analysis. The statistical population of the present study included all the members of the Narcotics Anonymous Association in Mehriz, Yazd. Nineteen of them were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through in-depth semi-structured interviews, and data analysis was performed using the thematic analysis method.

The findings showed that substance users initially experience multi-layered helplessness (including social, family, economic, psychological, and physical helplessness). After this procedure, members of the Narcotics Anonymous Association gradually develop a desire to overcome addiction due to various factors (such as family reconstruction, mental recovery, economic concerns, fear of the future, and identity recovery. Treatment is then initiated to support them in their recovery journey. Finally, by participating in Narcotics Anonymous, individuals engage in community-based treatment (including self-awareness, acceptance of addiction, identification, strengthening of will, empathy, understanding, and building social capital).

Addiction is a complex process, and its treatment is carried out within the Narcotics Anonymous Association in response to this matter. Focusing on social dimensions, such as participation, support, networking, empathy, mutual understanding, commitment, belonging, and responsibility within the addiction treatment foundation of this association contributes to the continuity of treatment for individuals.

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on oppositional defiant behavior and self-control in children with substance-dependent parents.

The research method employed a semi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest and follow-up, including a control group. The statistical population of the research included all students with substance-dependent parents in Ahvaz city in 2022-2023. Among them, 30 people were selected through the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental (n = 15) and control groups (n = 15). The participants in both groups completed the SNAP-IV and self-control rating scales during the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments. The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions of compassion-based therapy, with a frequency of one session per week. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The findings showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of oppositional defiant behavior and self-control. Compassion-based therapy reduced oppositional defiant behavior and increased self-control in the experimental group, and these results were sustained during the follow-up phase.

Compassion-based therapy, utilizing techniques such as raising awareness of positive and negative experiences, generating positive experiences through mental imagery, teaching compassion, and adjusting behavior through environmental reinforcement, can be an effective intervention to decrease oppositional defiant behavior and enhance self-control in students with substance-dependent parents.

The aim of the current research was to investigate the methods of managing notorious substance-dependent individuals globally to design intervention programs in Iran.

The research design involved an analytical systematic study. In this regard, to find documents related to the management practices of notorious substance-dependent individuals worldwide, an integrated search and analysis of articles published until 2023 was conducted in PubMed, Springer, Scopus, Pro Quest, Elsevier, Science Direct, National Institutes of Health, and Google Scholar databases.

The findings indicated that the texts focused more on pain management, self-management, motivational interviewing, primary care, barriers to health services, education, patient-centered care, quality of life, and mental health.

According to evidence-based findings, a range of interventions are recommended for Iran's notorious substance-dependent individuals, including comprehensive behavioral and pharmaceutical interventions, accommodation-based interventions, harm reduction strategies, peer mentoring programs, alternative therapies, employment and vocational training programs, faith-based interventions, and interventions based on criminal justice.

The current research aimed to identify methods of utilizing clans and tribes in combating substance trafficking.

The present research employed a qualitative approach based on the phenomenological method. The research community consulted experts from Sistan and Baluchistan province in 2023. Through purposeful sampling and employing the data saturation technique, 15 individuals were selected. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured in-depth interviews, and data analysis was performed using the directed thematic analysis method in MaxQDA software.

The study revealed 8 organizing themes, consisting of 32 basic themes that proved to be effective as informational and operational methods. Additionally, two inclusive themes emerged regarding the utilization of clans and tribes in combating substance trafficking. The organizing themes of this research on tribes and clans included attracting information agents, utilizing information, motivating, informing, equipping with new tools, promoting border knowledge, operational training, operational use, infiltrating them among gangs and networks, and creating operational teams.

Recruiting from tribes and clans, motivating and raising awareness, providing them with new tools, enhancing their knowledge of borders as information methods and operational training, infiltrating tribes and clans among gangs and networks, and establishing operational teams from within the target community are effective methods for combating substance trafficking.

The present study aimed to examine the role of brain-behavioral systems and metacognition in predicting psychological well-being in substance-dependent individuals undergoing maintenance treatment.

The research employed a descriptive-correlational approach. The statistical population included all substance-dependent patients who sought treatment at addiction centers in Semnan city in 2023. A sample of 310 individuals was selected using convenience sampling. The research utilized the psychological well-being questionnaire, the brain-behavioral systems questionnaire, and the metacognitive questionnaire.

The findings revealed a significant negative correlation between psychological well-being and the behavioral inhibition system, positive beliefs about worry, the need to control thoughts, and metacognitive processes of self-awareness. Conversely, a significant positive correlation was found with the behavioral activation system. Furthermore, 18% of the variance in psychological well-being was predicted by positive beliefs about worry, metacognitive processes of self-awareness, and cognitive uncertainty.

The results suggest that metacognitive beliefs play a crucial role in the psychological well-being of substance-dependent individuals undergoing maintenance treatment. Therefore, targeting metacognitive beliefs can be used to improve the addiction treatment process and increase the quality of life in patients..

The present study aimed to predict easy access to substances based on sociological factors.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research included all substance users in Isfahan city in 2021, from which 200 individuals were selected using the convenience sampling method. The tools used in this research were researcher-developed questionnaires assessing the feeling of social anomie, social control, relative deprivation, family system breakdown, and easy access to substances. The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation test and simultaneous regression.

The findings indicated that the feeling of social anomie, social control, relative deprivation, and family system breakdown had the most significant impact on easy access to substances, explaining 19.2% of the variance.

When there is a conflict between norms and social institutions, the system breaks down, and due to the lack of social control, a regulatory breakdown spreads at the family and community levels, facilitating substance distribution. Simultaneously, an identity crisis, weakening of members' relationships with their families, a growing inclination towards peers and friends, and the search for role models contribute to this trend.