فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
پیاپی 55 (زمستان 1402)

Jane Jacobs's quest for urban vitality has had an undoubted impact on researchers and urban planners, yet her theory has received little attention in many parts of the world. Where Jacobs's principles for urban vitality fit well with the traditional features of these urban settlements. Even if their core nature has been gradually challenged under the pattern of modernity. Numerous studies have been conducted in the past few years with the aim of experimentally testing Jacobs's ideas. In this study, we examined urban vitality in District 6 of Shiraz Municipality from Jacobs's point of view. Urban vitality analysis in the form of a systemic approach allows spatial interpretation of the study area. The results were determined in 4 groups (high vitality, moderate vitality, low vitality and no vitality) using grouping method and k-means algorithm.

Urban vitality means that the city provides a safe place for its residents to live and can provide all the necessary activities for them. Since the 1950s, the study of urban space has become more accurate. One of these theories is Jane Jacobs's theory of diversity.

In order to study Jane Jacobs' ideas about urban vitality from a practical point of view, six conditions have been considered: concentration, diversity, contact opportunity, the need for aged buildings, accessibility and border vacuums. These 6 conditions can be extracted based on 11 observable variables and the JANE index can be created. After collecting all the variables and fixing the problems in the data, the variables were examined at the block level. In order to integrate the 11 original variables to their corresponding urban vitality conditions, we have created six scores. Lastly, in order to facilitate the analysis and interpretation of the spatial distribution of JANE results, four categories have been identified based on the Grouping Analysis tool available in ESRI ArcGIS 10.5.

Concentration and Diversity go hand-by-hand in Jane Jacobs’ arguments on urban vitality. High levels of concentration are found in areas where building density, housing, and population overlap. This is especially evident on both sides of MaliAbad Street. In addition to this axis, the concentration can be seen in the area of the old neighborhood of Qasrdasht. MaliAbad Street and the old Qasrdasht neighborhood also scored the highest points in other indicators.
we have synthesized the five conditions of urban vitality in the JANE Index. Higher values of this index correspond to areas that are more likely to nest vibrant street life.

The results show that in fact, a small part of District 6 of Shiraz Municipality; It has high vitality (2.5%) and medium vitality (17.5%). Meanwhile, a significant share of the territory of Shiraz Municipality District 6 in this study is classified in the group of low vitality (36%) and lack of vitality (44%).

This research examines the factors affecting the development of interfaza in revitalizing inefficient urban areas with a contextual approach, aiming to increase resident interactions in the 6th district of Mashhad metropolis. This descriptive and correlational survey study will be conducted this year. It aims to be practical, using results from previous research to improve behaviors and methods. This research is cross-sectional, collecting data at a single point in time. QMS and Q methods will be used to present the functional model, with analyses conducted using PLS and SPSS software. The statistical population includes city managers and citizens living in the study area, including members of the social council and local development working groups.The theoretical results show that inefficient urban areas are parts of the city that, compared to other areas, lag in development, are disconnected from the evolutionary cycle of life, and have become focal points of problems and inadequacies. Inefficient areas in Mashhad have been identified, and specific identifiers have been determined for each, though some may require adjustments. It is preferable to use comprehensive indicators to identify inefficient urban areas, avoiding the separation of different types. Additionally, historical, industrial contexts, abandoned commercial areas, etc., should be considered inefficient contexts and addressed integrally. Indicators should be adjusted to minimize ambiguities by providing clear measures for assessment. 

Mashhad metropolis has experienced rapid and sporadic physical expansion in recent decades and has witnessed problems such as environmental degradation, lack of attention to traditional patterns of the main fabric of the city, lack of attention to urban identity, etc. It was. While there are many capacities and potentials of domestic such as deteriorated and less developed lands and undeveloped lands (including empty, abandoned, abandoned lands) in the city in the form of single-piece and extensive areas that are suitable for development from within and growth within the boundaries of the city of Mashhad. Region (6) is one of the areas with potential that about 20 percent of the area is gross urban land (such as agriculture, arid and ruined) and according to the studies of the master plan of Mashhad city is considered as one of the most worn neighborhoods. The neighborhoods occupied by informal settlement, worn-out texture and undeveloped areas have been converted in past periods and do not have proper urban use and do not have the necessary dynamism and efficiency. Therefore, the use of this inter-additive approach, regardless of appropriate contexts and residents' interactions and providing strategy, cannot be realized. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting the development of inter-additives in regeneration of dysfunctional urban textures with contextualism approach. In increasing residents' interactions (case study of the 6th district municipality of Mashhad metropolis).

This survey is a descriptive correlational study which will be carried out in the current year. Because in this research, the results of previous research or existing knowledge will be used to improve behaviors, methods, tools and devices, so it will be practical in terms of purpose, because it is mainly aimed at finding solutions and a method to meet the needs of the subject of study. In terms of time criterion (cross sectional and longitudinal), this method will be used to collect data about one or more traits at a time point. In the application model, the modeling method using the combined QMS and Q methods will be used. 

The results showed that because the significance level of Friedman test was less than 0.05. Therefore, there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of each of the factors and the semantic-contextual-content-structural factors had the highest to the lowest effect.

The theoretical results of the present study have shown that urban inefficient textures are areas of the city that, compared to other areas of the city, have been separated from the developmental process of backward development, from the evolutionary cycle of life and have become the focus of problems and failures. As a result, inefficient textures have been investigated for each of which are identified which may not be comprehensive in some cases and need corrections, but it is better to use indicators to identify inefficient urban textures that have a comprehensive view of urban problems and avoid the separation of inefficient urban textures.

Urbanization and its expansion is one of the most important human achievements. Undoubtedly, the participation of all individuals, layers and classes in the urban management process has an important role in its development and sustainability. Participation in urban affairs affected by the cultural, social, economic contexts of each society is different, but what matters participation at all levels, including the city level, must be created from the heart of society and in effective communication between people and people with urban management. The purpose of this article was to investigate the social factors related to participation in urban affairs. The present study was a survey and a statistical population of citizens aged 15 years and older in Chelgard city. Based on the Cochran's formula, a suitable sample size of 324 people was obtained. Data were collected by using a questionnaire and multi-stage cluster sampling. The validity of the questionnaire is based on content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to test its reliability. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables of social trust with a significant level (0.001), religiosity with a significant level (0.002), gender with a significant level (0.030), employment status with a significant level (0.004) and monthly income with a significant level (0.025) with participation. Regression analysis showed that the variables of social trust, religiosity, employment status and monthly income in total were able to explain 1.11of the variance of participation in urban affairs. The results showed that the level of participation of the citizens of Chelgard in urban affairs is affected by underlying factors such as gender, employment status and income of citizens and increasing the variables of social trust and religiosity. 

 Urbanization and its expansion is one of the most important human achievements. Undoubtedly, the participation of all individuals, layers and classes in the urban management process has an important role in its development and sustainability. Participation in urban affairs affected by the cultural, social, economic contexts of each society is different, but what matters participation at all levels, including the city level, must be created from the heart of society and in effective communication between people and people with urban management . In recent years, the class structure and social interactions of the citizens of chelgard have expanded by changing the production method and income of residents, creating new job opportunities, expanding the city and facing domestic and foreign tourists. However, many citizens still have an ethnic-tribal mindset, through which they deal with the social world in general and urban issues in particular, which is an obstacle to participation in urban affairs. The purpose of this article was to investigate the social factors related to participation in urban affairs. Accordingly, in this study, we decided to examine the level of citizen participation in urban affairs, to identify the social factors associated with it. This goal has been tracked by asking two main questions: 1) what is the level of participation in urban affairs in the city of chelgard? 2) what are the social factors associated with participation in urban affairs?

The method of the present research is survey. The statistical population of the study is citizens of 15 years and older in Chelgard. After using the cochran's formula, according to the measurement error of 0.05 and the acceptable confidence level of 1.96, the sample size of 324 people was determined. The required data were collected using a questionnaire and multi-stage cluster sampling. The validity of the questionnaire is based on the validity of the content and cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to test its reliability. In order to analyze the research data, Spss software version 25 and statistical methods of correlation, regression and non-parametric statistical tests were used.

Findings showed that there is a positive correlation between social trust and participation in urban affairs, which means that with increasing social trust, their participation in urban affairs also increases. The existence of social trust in society is a powerful force for the formation and development of secondary relations, which gives a special atmosphere to the public space and is an effective source for collective actions such as participation in urban affairs. Social trust as a catalyst encourages citizens to do voluntary, group and participatory work. When citizens trust each other and city managers and planners, they will feel more responsible for their city affairs and ultimately more involved. The results also indicate a direct and significant relationship between religiosity and participation in urban affairs. Thus, with the increase of religiosity, we see the promotion of citizen participation. Given that iranian society is a religious community and citizens from the first years of their lives are formally and informally faced with religious education, so they are familiar with the principles of religious beliefs. On the other hand, islam not only holds the individual accountable and committed to god, but also holds him accountable to society. As a result, those who are more committed to religious affairs will feel obligated to participate in the political and social activities around them. Finally, the results indicate that there is a significant relationship between gender, employment status, and monthly household income with participation in urban affairs.This significance is higher in women with average (71.14) than men with average (67.90) and in non-employed with average (71.77) than employed with average (67.46). Also, the group "no income" with an average (74.95) has the highest and the group "more than 5 million" have the lowest level of citizen participation. The prerequisite for moving in a sustainable urban path is the participation of all citizens in effective areas, including decision-making in the areas of urban planning and urban management. Access to this situation is possible only with the responsibility of individuals in society and the joint efforts and support of women and men. In traditional iranian society, where men have a breadwinner duty and spend most of their time and energy on business, they have fewer opportunities to volunteer and participate in urban affairs, but women and unemployed on the one hand because of the more time they have on the other hand, the existence of urban security in small cities such as Chelgard have more opportunities to participate in the public arena of the city and participate in voluntary and voluntary programs.

Overall, this study showed that there is a relationship between social factors and participation in urban affairs. Thus, high levels of social trust and religiosity among citizens play an important role in their participation in urban affairs and can play a role as a facilitator for participation in urban affairs. In the end, it is suggested that workshops and training and justification programs be held to persuade and justify men and employees, and to provide a platform for safe and reliable participation and investment for all. Urban institutions can also increase trust as a social asset in the city by increasing frankness, honesty, conscientiousness and integrity in order to increase the participation of citizens in urban affairs.

Today, urban development is more than anything influenced by the urban construction system, and in the meantime, the approved rules and regulations play an important role in regulating urban development. With the rapid development of urbanization and the increasing increase of construction in recent decades, we are witnessing fundamental changes in the urban landscape that the cities have become the manifestation of each building in height, color, type of materials, etc. in the continuous wall of the streets. In this construction process, city managers and officials have tried to control the unfavorable conditions of this period by approving and enforcing various laws and regulations. In this regard, in the urban communities of Iran, the rules and regulations defined in the field of urban development, unfortunately, have not been significantly effective and this has caused serious disruptions in urban development. In this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method and field method and using a questionnaire tool, the sample size of 20 experts and experts of urban development projects in question in the field of strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities for efficiency of these rules and regulations Included (Article 100, 5 and 55 commissions). Therefore, first, the factors of strength, weakness, threat and opportunity were collected through the Delphi method through the Delphi method, and then the components of the research were identified. . The results of this study show that a defensive strategy with a measured value of 4.078 is recognized as a superior strategy in the field of providing strategies to increase the efficiency of urban development plans, followed by an offensive strategy with a value of 3.895 as a complementary strategy. Which shows the effect of pairwise comparisons of the items in the SWOT model. 

Urban development in the era of the need to approve and implement urban development plans more than ever. In this regard, the problem that causes problems in large metropolises is the lack of accurate implementation and violations in the implementation of urban development plans. In this study, we intend to investigate the areas of occurrence of these problems and violations in the implementation of urban development plans. 

In this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method and field method and using a questionnaire tool, the sample size of 20 experts and experts of urban development projects in question in the field of strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities for efficiency of these rules and regulations Included (Article 100, 5 and 55 commissions). Therefore, first, the factors of strength, weakness, threat and opportunity were collected through the Delphi method through the Delphi method, and then the components of the research were identified.

The results of this study show that the defensive strategy with a measured value of 4.078 is recognized as a superior strategy in the field of providing strategies to increase the efficiency of urban development plans, followed by an offensive strategy with a value of 3.895 as a complementary strategy. Which shows the effect of pairwise comparisons of the items in the SWOT model.

Based on the results, the most important strategies for implementing urban development plans are: resolving conflicts of law and developing transparency in determining crimes, developing specialized workshops in the field of spatial and physical development vision of the region with emphasis on the role of local institutions and Neighborhoods, resolving conflicts of law and developing transparency in determining severe punishments, paying attention to social justice by strengthening local institutions in the region and ... .

The term development has been widely used since World War II. This phenomenon is a value, multidimensional and complex category that is the most important discussion of countries today, especially developing countries. Development is a comprehensive process of economic, social, cultural and political activities that aims to continuously improve the lives of the entire population and the fair distribution of resources is one of its main pillars. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the evolution of the demographic hierarchy system. The research is applied and the required data have been collected from the results of the last official population and housing census of the country in 2016. The results show that the western half or semi-developed space of the province includes the north-south axis from Julfa, Marand, Tabriz, Azarshahr to Malekan, which is adjacent to national and inter-regional communication networks and suitable infrastructure networks. Establishment of large industries, small and medium industrial workshops, irrigated and horticultural areas, large villages, densely populated cities, industrial livestock and commercial activities are the features of this area. The eastern half of the province, which has always been deprived due to the natural and mountainous features of the region and the impossibility of central communication with other neighboring provinces, although in some cases the potential for development in them has been more than other regions of the province. Conclusion Establishment of most of the sparsely populated and scattered villages with the dominant economy of traditional herding and animal husbandry, rainfed agriculture and the establishment of sparsely populated cities are the main features of the eastern half of the province. 

Distribution of facilities due to past unprincipled policies in industrial and service mechanisms in the growth pole of the region (Tabriz), and the trend of centralization in one or two large cities as dominant cities and spatial imbalances between regional levels are one of the important issues that have arisen due to various factors, influenced by the mechanisms governing economic, social and political structures. This anomaly and imbalance, with the increasing role of the central government and the low presence of local authorities in the economy due to the nature of its concentration and sectionalism, has increased the problems further, and in this regard, the participation of local people has decreased, and large and small cities have not been seen in an integrated whole. Lack of accurate identification of different dimensions of inequalities and disproportionate executive policies to achieve the aforementioned goals. 

This study is of the practical and theoretical type, the method of doing it is descriptive - Analytical, the type of analysis, quantitative. The collected documentation method includes reviewing the research and studies carried out on the topic and using the statistics and data required for Demographic Analysis collected from the statistics center the road and Urban Development Organization and the municipality of Tabriz.

The result was the lack of optimal distribution of facilities, welfare and wealth, the elimination of regional equality, the increase in the development gap and the loss of The main reason for this was also due to the Given that all the efforts of a balanced regional development are based on providing the best conditions and facilities for the comprehensive development of all areas, minimizing and ultimately eliminating the differences in quality of life between different areas and cities, it can be said that the importance of the present research is to attract the attention of development managers and planners to adopt policies and programs to reduce regional inequalities by understanding the different dimensions and angles of the existing situation and identifying the backward areas in the province. In this regard, it is necessary to target the development of deprived areas and cities to distribute economic, social justice in order to reduce inequality. In the meantime, Urban Development Planning and management in the form of regional and national programs plays an important role as a logical and useful strategy to raise imbalances in the region. 

The distribution of the distribution of cities by surface separation in cities also indicates that firstly, most of the provincial cities are located in the western half. Therefore, the spatial distribution of cities is not uniform in the province. Second, the province lacks a Level 2 city in the settlement system, and this is in turn considered a serious breakdown in the Space Organization of the urban settlements of the province. Thirdly, the distribution of Level 3 and 4 cities is higher in the western half of the province, and in this half, cities at levels 3 and 4 have developed with a smaller distance from each other

Achieving optimal housing status in the world is one of the important indicators of economic and social development. However, there are several major problems facing city managers, planners and policymakers to provide adequate housing. The aim of this study was to analyze the indicators of housing and construction in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and its research method is comparative analytical and the scope of the research is 17 cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in 2019. Using the multi characteristic Aras technique, an attempt has been made to analyze and evaluate the selected indicators related to the housing and construction sector. The quantitative results of the research show that the highest value of the total desirability index belonged to the cities of Yasuj and Dogonbadan. The highest score of Aras technique for housing and construction indicators has been assigned to Yasuj city (0/971) and in this regard, the score of Dogonbadan city (0/306) has been obtained. The score of Lekak (0/139), Dehdasht (0/138) and Sisakht (0/056) have been obtained and the mentioned cities are in the second level together. Lande with a score of (0/036), Charam with a score of (0/028) and Madwan with a score of (0/022) are next to each other in the third level. The quantitative results of Aras technique show that the cities of Basht, Sough, Pataveh, Ghale Raisi, Sarfaryab, Dishmuk, Margon, Grub and Chitab scored poorly and need special attention. In order to establish Regional balance and move towards urban and regional sustainable development in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces, it is necessary that housing and building development policies have a special focus on sparsely populated rural areas and marginal settlements. Otherwise, we will see an increase in more inequalities in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province. 

 Rapid and unplanned urban growth and urbanization without designing the necessary infrastructure is a threat to sustainable urban development. Rapid urban growth, high population density, and high consumption rates of residents and citizens in large cities have led to a wide range of socio-economic and environmental impacts that require the attention of the international community. This factor will have significant effects on the future stability and prosperity of the world. Urban areas in developing countries are growing rapidly. With the increasing population of cities, there are several challenges to how to manage crowded and dense areas. One of these challenges is building the physical infrastructure to support this growing population. At the same time, the development of urban infrastructure is essential for the creation of sustainable cities. This increasing growth has caused many issues and problems in cities, one of which is related to the housing issue. Housing is one of the most important outputs for human resource production. Housing after food and clothing is the third basic and vital need that has many reflections on other aspects of the life of the capital. Today, around the world, providing adequate housing is one of the main problems of managers and planners, and in the current situation, the world is facing a global housing crisis. Achieving the desired housing status in both urban and rural areas is considered as one of the indicators of economic and social development in different countries of the world. At present, due to the growth of urban population and the uncontrolled increase of rural migration, the need to study the housing situation and plan to organize it in developing countries such as Iran is a necessary issue. Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces are not separated from this situation and the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the indicators of the housing sector in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. To achieve this goal, using Aras multi-indicator technique, selected housing indicators in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces have been studied and analyzed. 

In the present study, which is of a comparative analytical type, using the ARAS technique, the indicators related to the housing and construction sector in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces have been analyzed. The data required for the research have been collected through the statistical yearbook of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in 2019. The measurement tool for analyzing the research data was the Aras technique and using this technique, housing indexes in 17 cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in 2019 were analyzed.

According to the scores obtained by the cities of the province in the field of housing and construction sector indicators, the research hypothesis as the final score obtained from the ARAS technique for housing indicators in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces indicates inequality. Take. There is a lot of imbalance and difference between the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in terms of various indicators, including housing indicators. One of the most important reasons for this increase in inequalities is the lack of recognition of the dimensions of inequalities and incorrect executive policies to achieve the goals. The cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces do not have favorable conditions in terms of economic, social and cultural structures. The existence of 9 cities of Basht, Souk, Pataveh, Qalae Raisi, Sarfaryab, Dishmuk, Margon, Grub and Chitab, which get weak points, has indicated this imbalance. It can be acknowledged that this imbalance is the result of various ecological, economic, political and other factors. Yasuj city has maintained its superiority in the province due to its political centrality and superiority in various economic, social, cultural, etc. fields and its growth pole in terms of having the studied indicators. Yasuj city is one of the climatic regions of Iran that many immigrants from all over Iran, especially neighboring provinces such as Bushehr, Khuzestan and Fars, migrate to this city permanently and temporarily, and this is one of the factors along with others. Micro and macroeconomic factors and variables of the country have increased the price of land and housing in this city. The present study sought to investigate the question of which final score of housing indicators was higher in which cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces and which was lower. As the scores obtained from Aras technique show, the highest score of Aras technique for housing indicators is allocated to Yasuj city (0/971) and Dogonbadan city is in the second place with a score (0/306). Chitab city with the score (0/004) has the lowest score among the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces

Achieving the desired housing status, especially in urban areas, is considered as one of the indicators of economic and social development. Housing and building indicators as a necessary tool to express the various economic, social, cultural, environmental and physical dimensions of housing are of great importance in housing planning. Recognizing the status of desirable housing indicators and reducing existing inequalities is an important issue that contributes greatly to sustainable urban development. In order to establish regional balance and move towards sustainable urban and regional development in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces, it is necessary that housing and building development policies pay special attention to sparsely populated rural areas and marginal settlements; otherwise, we will see an increase in more inequalities in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province. The main challenge in the housing sector in the studied cities and the country is mostly due to the lack of coherent and integrated planning in this sector, while the failure of policies adopted in this field is the main reason for the construction recession, which not only did not reduce housing prices. , But has also led to an unreasonable increase in rents and the purchase price of housing. Housing facilities have little effect on the prosperity of construction and home ownership of people, especially the low-income groups in the cities studied and on a larger scale. That is why it is necessary to prioritize infrastructure reforms in macroeconomics

This research investigated optimal urban governance in the metropolis of Rasht using a future-oriented approach. In this study, various dimensions of urban governance were evaluated, and key factors were identified and ranked. Initially, through the Delphi technique and by consulting 30 experts, the most important key factors of urban governance, as well as indicators of consensus, certainty, priority, and importance, were identified. Subsequently, 53 key drivers were selected for analysis using Micmac software. This research is applied and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology, focusing on transparency and accountability in urban planning processes.Based on 2714 values calculated in the initial matrix of cross-effects, 836 items with high impact, 1357 items with medium impact, 472 items with low impact and 49 items with higher impact have been evaluated. Assessing the impact and effectiveness of key factors shows that the three drivers provide clear information on technical and executive issues (P1), accountability of councils and description of urban development plans (J1) and selection and merit in the selection of urban managers (P6), in The first rank of direct and indirect influence and 3 drivers is the request of city managers from citizens to participate in affairs (L5), the central justice approach of city managers in various city issues (L6) and the impact of social networks on the participation of civil and cooperative institutions. And the private sector (T1) rank first in direct and indirect impact. Considering the similarity of the scenarios and the total of 221 conditions on the scenario page, 116 states and 52.48% of the desired state, 64 states and 28.95% in the static state and 41 states and 18.55% of the critical state. Also, among the 14 believable scenarios favorable governance there are 10 scenarios with favorable status. 

Today's civilization has become more urbanized and urban growth has had adverse consequences on the bodies of cities. The dimensions of urban settlements are becoming more complex day by day and as a result, security instability is becoming more apparent in urban areas. In this regard, the administration of cities has also become a significant issue, and without a doubt, a successful urban management can move the city towards sustainable development and increase the welfare of the city's residents. What is considered and emphasized in city administration today and is introduced as a paradigm in city management is to use the model of good urban governance in which the government, citizens and private institutions participate in a horizontal and cross-sectoral flow.  In fact, good urban governance is a different way in which individuals, institutions and the private and public sectors manage and plan for the common affairs of the city. Today, managers are looking for a model to reduce the management problems of cities. One of the models that has attracted the attention of experts in this direction is the model of good urban governance. In Iran, this model is known as a model that can be an ointment for the problems of cities. The Future studies is a new paradigm in the field of long-term planning that has emerged in recent decades to address unpredictable, complex, intertwined, and uncertain issues. Therefore, this study seeks to study the challenge of urban management based on important indicators of good urban governance based on a future studies approach so that the results of this study may serve as a guide for managers and planners of Rasht and similar cities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to answer the following questions:-Which components and driving forces play a key role in the good urban governance of metropolises?
-What are the intersections of the driving forces and the identification of the most impressionable and influential factors affecting the good urban governance in the future of metropolises?
-What are the possible, probable, and desirable scenarios for the future situation of good urban governance in Rasht metropolis?

This research is practical in terms of purpose. Also, in terms of nature, it is based on new methods of future studies, analytical, and exploratory science, which has been done by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative models. It is also a method of collecting documentary and library information. Qualitative data were prepared with an open questionnaire through interviews and review of documents and quantitative data used in this study numerically and through the weight of Delphi questionnaires. The research method of the present study is mixed and is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of future studies approach based on exploratory analysis using Micmac software and cross-analysis using Scenario WIZARD software. It should also be noted that the statistical sample size using the available sampling method, 30 specialists with non-random method or purposive sampling has been determined, including faculty members, executive and administrative experts of Rasht metropolis and experts in the field of urban management.

In terms of the matrix of influence and potential direct and indirect dependence, it can be said that the three drivers provide clear information on technical and executive issues (P1), accountability of councils and description of urban development plans (J1) and selection and merit in the selection of urban managers (P6), were ranked first in direct and indirect effectiveness. Also, three drivers are asking urban managers to participate in the affairs (L5), the central justice approach of urban managers in various city issues (L6) and the impact of social networks on the participation of civil society organizations, cooperatives, and the private sector (T1), were ranked first in direct and indirect impressionability. According to the findings, key driving forces will be available in terms of impressionability and effectiveness. In this regard, according to the 53 general variables studied, 53 key driving forces were also presented from the highest to the lowest importance, respectively. Based on this, the drivers of managers' awareness of current issues (1L1) and the use of experienced and specialized people in urban management (L3) were ranked last with the least direct effectiveness. And the drivers of using the good management approach (E5) and accountability of councils and description of urban development plans and projects (E6) were identified with the least direct impressionability.

Evaluating the effectiveness and impressionability of the method of distribution and dispersion of variables in the scatter plot shows the degree of stability and instability of the system. What is clear from the status of the distribution page of variables affecting the future status of Rasht urban management is the relatively unstable state of the system. Most variables are scattered around the diagonal axis of the sheet. Except for a few factors that indicate the high effects, all other variables are in a similar situation. According to the results, the factors of consensus (C), efficiency and effectiveness (E), participation (P), transparency (T), responsibility (R), legitimacy (L) and justice (J), affecting the process of unsustainable urban management developments of Rasht, respectively. And in such a way that the continuation of the current situation will lead to the formation of a catastrophic scenario and at best, if the current situation continues, the existing management system changes in parallel and there is no regular and coherent plan and lack of inter-organizational coordination, reducing the level of social empowerment. Failure to strengthen the local economy and reduce the participatory role of citizens will reduce the level of private sector investment and reduce physical oversight of built spaces. There are a total of 14 believable scenarios for the advancement of good governance in the Rasht metropolis, most of which are in desirable condition, which indicates a promising situation for the advancement of urban management. Out of 221 states on the scenario sheet, 116 states and 52.48% show the desired state, 64 states and 28.95% indicate the static state, and 41 states and 18.55% illustrate the critical state. These states demonstrate that more than half of the modes on the scenario sheet are in the desirable state, followed by the static state, and finally, the critical state.

There are several concepts in order to achieve sustainable urban development. One of the most important of these elements, sometimes referred to as the fourth pillar of sustainable development, is a sense of social security, due to the existence of an acceptable level of it among citizens, Mental and physical health, sense of identity, participation, happiness, active presence of citizens in different urban spaces, etc. can be expected and conversely. The purpose of the present quantitative and applied research, where documentary data and field studies have been used to collect information, Examining the state of social security and identifying key social and economic factors affecting it Which has been done as a case study in Yasuj. The statistical population of the study consists of all heads of households of which 380 are considered as a statistical sample. Descriptive and inferential statistics in the form of SPSS software were used to analyze the collected data.The results showed that the calculated average for life, financial, value and cultural, family, moral, occupational and economic security status, As the main dimensions of the feeling of social security, respectively with values of 2.87, 2.33, 2.52, 2.39, 2.8 and 1.98, was significantly lower than the baseline (number 3) And General condition of feeling of social security with an average of 2.48, Due to the key dimensions of its component, it is significantly lower than average. The results showed the final and confirmed model of determinants of social security using multivariate regression Among the seven variables that had a statistically significant relationship with the dependent variable of the research, the effect of four variables was significant and in total they were able to explain 51.8% of the variance of the dependent variable. The key variables of identification in order of importance are: Socio-economic status, police performance, social capital and social anomalies (with negative effect) The standardized regression effect coefficients of each of them are: 0.347, 0.228, 0.195 and -0.175, respectively. 

There are several concepts in order to achieve sustainable urban development. One of the most important of these elements, sometimes referred to as the fourth pillar of sustainable development, is a sense of social security, due to the existence of an acceptable level of it among citizens, Mental and physical health, sense of identity, participation, happiness, active presence of citizens in different urban spaces, etc. can be expected and conversely 

The purpose of the present quantitative and applied research, where documentary data and field studies have been used to collect information, Examining the state of social security and identifying key social and economic factors affecting it Which has been done as a case study in Yasuj. The statistical population of the study consists of all heads of households of which 380 are considered as a statistical sample. Descriptive and inferential statistics in the form of SPSS software were used to analyze the collected data. 

The results showed that the calculated average for life, financial, value and cultural, family, moral, occupational and economic security status, As the main dimensions of the feeling of social security, respectively with values of 2.87, 2.33, 2.52, 2.39, 2.8 and 1.98, was significantly lower than the baseline (number 3) And General condition of feeling of social security with an average of 2.48, Due to the key dimensions of its component, it is significantly lower than average. 

The results showed the final and confirmed model of determinants of social security using multivariate regression Among the seven variables that had a statistically significant relationship with the dependent variable of the research, the effect of four variables was significant and in total they were able to explain 51.8% of the variance of the dependent variable. The key variables of identification in order of importance are: Socio-economic status, police performance, social capital and social anomalies (with negative effect) The standardized regression effect coefficients of each of them are: 0.347, 0.228, 0.195 and -0.175, respectively.

The topic of spending leisure time is one of the important needs of citizens in the contemporary era, which faces many problems in developing countries. This research aims to introduce a comprehensive and efficient tool for evaluating and understanding the quality of urban open spaces related to leisure time. The current research is applied and, in terms of method, descriptive-analytical, and has been conducted with a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. To collect data, the exploratory walking technique was used in the open spaces of Arak city. In this research, the proposed model for the analysis and investigation of urban open spaces has been compiled and confirmed by using Lisrel software and checking the fit indices of structural models. The results of this research can effectively help urban planners and managers in creating less imperfect open spaces.Based on the findings from examining suitability indicators in the analysis of the quality of open spaces in Arak city, the component of environmental qualities acted independently, while the component of functional qualities—form and experience-aesthetic—are correlated. Additionally, the component of "experiential-aesthetic" qualities has had a greater impact on the quality of open spaces for spending leisure time. Among the 45 indicators of quality examined, the indicator "existence and conditions of cozy and secluded spaces and facilities for creating climatic comfort" has the greatest effect in improving the quality of open spaces for spending leisure time in Arak. This item is considered part of the criterion of "comfort and coziness" from the component of aesthetic-experiential qualities. 

 In addition to the importance they place on working time, citizens also have a special importance in using their time outside of work (leisure). A large part of leisure activities are carried out in open urban spaces, and these spaces have an effective role in promoting a positive quality of urban life due to the opportunities they provide to their users in all fields, especially leisure. In open urban spaces, quality is commensurate with the extent to which users' needs are estimated and the use of opportunities that motivate the design and construction of space, and the challenges of providing high quality services in these spaces seem more difficult when urban planners and designers The demands of the stakeholders are not properly informed. Therefore, in urban open spaces, quality is not only related to facilities, techniques and procedures, but also includes the desires and wishes of users. With the advent of modernity and the rapid growth of urbanization , the issue of leisure in many cities of developing countries has become a major problem. Therefore, the most important necessity of this research is to address this issue and find solutions to evaluate and improve the quality of urban open spaces and take advantage of this potential in order to develop leisure time and meet the needs of users. 

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and methodologically, it is a descriptive-analytical research that has been done with a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the process of this research, first, the considered relationships and correlations between the variables of the concept of quality in urban open spaces were proposed as a structural model based on the theoretical foundations of the research. In this model, how the quality indicators affect the constructive criteria and the main components of quality are drawn and then in order to evaluate the significance of the predicted correlations, the necessary data in the study sample (open spaces of Arak city - Iran), with The use of exploratory walking technique has been collected and the structural model has been analyzed and evaluated using the confirmatory factor analysis method (quantitative method) and LISREL software.

In general, in the study of structural models, the purpose is to determine whether the theoretical relationships between the variables that were considered by the researcher in the conceptual framework stage (proposed initial model) have been confirmed by the data or not? Therefore, the result of the study of two structural measurement models and a structural model of path analysis, which is extracted from the proposed model by considering the cause-and-effect relationships of variables and the main purpose of the research. Based on the fit standards obtained from (fit andicated) software file, the mentioned structural models have been approved and as a result, the explanatory power of the proposed model and the quality components of open spaces for spending leisure time in the studied sample (spaces The city of Arak) is also approved.Based on the factor load and the coefficient of effect of the predicted correlations between hidden and obvious variables, in the approved structural models, the most effective components as well as indicators of the concept of quality in urban open spaces were identified. In addition, according to the information obtained from the study of the structural model of the aforementioned path analysis, the independence and dependence of the effect of quality components on the main purpose of the research is also explained.

Based on the structural model of measuring the impact of the main components of qualities on the main purpose of research in urban open spaces, indicates the existence of an acceptable relationship between these variables, and in the open spaces of Arak, among the three main components "functional-formal", " Experimental-aesthetic "and" environmental ", the component" experimental-aesthetic "due to the higher factor load it has gained, has had a greater impact on the quality of open spaces for leisure.The direct and non-correlated effect of the environmental quality component on the quality of urban open spaces for leisure is confirmed, and it can be said that the variables related to the environmental quality component, in the studied sample, act independently and are influenced by other components. Do not have. In similar studies, no research has been found that indicates the independent performance of environmental components compared to other components on the quality of open spaces.Also, according to the approved structural measurement models, it can be said that among the indicators (items) extracted from the research literature, which are considered as obvious variables affecting the quality of urban open spaces, the item "lack of input control" They do not have the necessary fit to the space with the specified timing "and the statement" the presence of general signs and readability in the space ". This means that according to the data extracted from the open spaces of Arak city, these species do not have the explanatory power of the concept of quality in open urban spaces in the studied sample.Considering the factor loads obtained for each of the indicators, in the approved structural models, it can be concluded that the indicator "Existence and conditions of cozy and secluded spaces and the existence of facilities for creating climate comfort", among all 45 items Surveys have the greatest impact on improving the quality of outdoor spaces for leisure, and city managers and planners need to pay more attention to them. This index is a component of the "comfort and convenience" criterion, a component of "experimental-aesthetic" qualities; It is consistent with the studies of Ian Bentley et al. (1990) as "The Possibility of Personalizing Space", Roger Transick (1986) as "Space Enclosure" and Peralia et al. (2019) as "Comfort".

Today, fires represent a significant hazard stemming from both natural occurrences and human activities, presenting multifaceted challenges across urban settings. Fire stations emerge as pivotal service hubs within cities, necessitating strategic placement to ensure timely and dependable response, unimpeded by urban constraints. This study endeavors to devise a suitable model for the establishment and distribution of fire stations in Ardabil city. The research methodology is predominantly descriptive-analytical, employing a combination of documentary studies, library research, and field surveys for data collection. The Moran index is utilized to assess the distribution pattern of existing fire stations, while the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method, facilitated by Super Decisions software, is employed to weigh 16 criteria determining optimal station locations. Subsequently, the Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS) model, within the ArcGIS software framework, is utilized to identify suitable zones for new fire station placement. Findings reveal gaps in coverage by existing stations concerning functional radius and population density, indicating a need for 11 additional stations to adequately serve Ardabil's population of 516,277. The Moran index underscores the randomness of the current station distribution pattern. Ultimately, the study delineates suitable areas for new station deployment across five distinct levels on a map. This research serves as a valuable resource for crisis management in Ardabil, offering insights into the current state and distribution pattern of fire stations, as well as delineating areas for new station establishment.     

At present and in the future, ensuring safety in life is essential for human beings. Fire stations are one of the most important and vital centers for providing security in the city in critical situations. Fire stations can provide their services in a timely and safe manner if they are located in suitable places and can reach the accident site in the shortest time and without facing obstacles and limitations of the urban environment. The most important problem in servicing these centers is the lack of proper distribution of stations and the limited operating radius of existing stations. This has also been true of locating fire stations in the city of Ardabil; and every year, many people lose their lives and property due to various accidents, including fires. It is involved in the spatial distribution of municipal services, including fire stations. As 7 fire stations in the city are not able to serve the whole city. Therefore, in this research, spatial distribution and suitable zones for locating fire stations in Ardabil city are done using Fuzzy Topsis model in GIS software.

Stations in Ardabil by the end of 1399 were extracted from the official statistics of the fire department and transferred to the GIS environment and the necessary analyzes were performed using spatial statistical techniques. By determining the status of existing stations and research objectives, we have identified suitable areas for locating fire stations. In general, the location selection process in this research can be expressed in four general parts: 1. determining the study area, 2. Determining the evaluation or decision criteria, 3. determining the weight of the criteria, and 4. Weight and overlapping criteria maps. Accordingly, after selecting the study area, the criteria affecting the location of fire stations were selected from different sources and in the next step, the criteria were weighted based on the opinions of experts using the network analysis method in Super Design software. After determining the weight of the selected criteria, using the Fuzzy Topsis model in the GIS software environment, the criteria were evaluated and finally, a combination map of the criteria that showed the best place to build a fire station was extracted.

This study achieved its main goal, which was to determine the appropriate locations for the location of new fire stations. However, in order to complete the issue in the next step, based on the appropriate zones for locating fire stations, suggested sites for constructing new fire stations have been proposed. According to the population of Ardabil and the standard of one fire station for every thousand people, 4 fire stations are required for the city. In this research, in order of priority and based on the set of research criteria, stations in the priority of location selection are marked with numbers. There is no certainty in choosing the location of new stations and it depends on economic conditions, managerial decision making, traffic conditions, budget and facilities of municipalities and other dynamic and difficult conditions in terms of forecasting. In the proposal of new stations, attention has been paid to building density and highway network. The proposed stations cover the city well. The obtained results are in line with the findings of Nazari et al. (2015), based on the need of the city to create new stations. It also confirms the results of Warsi et al. (2015) that the number of available stations is not enough to cover the entire city. Moreover, the results of this study are consistent with the findings of Noheghar et al. Except for these cases, the results of the paper are based on Murray (2013) findings that the existing stations are located in an inappropriate position. And is consistent with the results of Janek (2013) on the need to use new methods and especially the new scientific and executive approach to the problems of fire stations in the city.

One of the most important factors influencing the construction of fire stations is the location, and determining the optimal location maximizes the efficiency of fire stations and provides better services to users. With this in mind, fire stations should be properly located throughout the city. In this research, in the first step, the status and distribution pattern of existing fire stations in Ardebil city were analyzed using spatial analysis techniques in GIS environment. The results showed that fire stations do not completely cover all areas of the city and only cover part of the city of Ardabil and part of the east and west and the suburbs of the city are outside this radius of operation. In the second step, the pattern of distribution of existing stations was analyzed and the results showed that the pattern of distribution of stations in the city is random. Due to the need of the city for new stations or their spatial rearrangement, in the third step, suitable locations for the location of new fire stations were identified using the main criteria affecting the location

Different people actively and passively establish different connections with the space, which can engage them with the space and create a diverse and lively life in that space, and as a result, have a great impact on increasing the attendance in that space. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay attention to different aspects of the engagement with space (active and inactive). The greater the possibility of people being involved in a space, the more the attendance of different strata in it increases and as a result, the level of attendance in it increases. In this regard, the issue of bazaar attendance as a public space that plays an important role in the economic, social and cultural prosperity of cities, is of particular importance that in the present study, the traditional bazaar complex of Shiraz has been considered as a case study. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the level of bazaar attendance based on the degree of user engagement with the market environment. Accordingly, the degree of attendance of people in the bazaar is known as a dependent variable and the quality of engagement with the bazaar environment is known as an independent variable; Also, the traditional Shiraz bazaar complex has been considered as a case study. Research method In this descriptive-analytical research is based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Methods of observation, interview, field survey, documentation and library studies were used to collect information. Depthmap software and content analysis are used to evaluate the subject. The results showed that there was a direct relationship between spatial engagement and the tendency to use the bazaar. Cones of view, qualitative elements of the city's visage, historical physical elements, visibility, quality of edges and the quality of neighborhoods are among the dimensions of spatial engagement in markets that have contributed to bazaar attendance.

 Engagement with space in a public place raises the level of use of public spaces and the individual's need for their environment.
Successful public spaces offer opportunities for different groups of users to engage actively with the space as well as passively engage and not communicate with others.
In this regard, the issue of the attendance of people in the bazaar as a pedestrian-centered public spaces that play an important role in the economic, social and cultural prosperity of cities, is of particular importance. Engagement with the bazaar space takes place through their entrances, rows and neighborhoods. Therefore, the more these inputs and the order and the neighborhoods related to them are of better quality in terms of space engagement indicators, the more the attendance will increase and, consequently, the more prosperous these collections will be. Therefore, the issue of engagement with bazaar space and its impact on the attendance and in this direction, the factors affecting this issue have been studied.
According to the research literature, the qualities of space engagement can be examined in two areas of active engagement and passive engagement in space. With this explanation, the present research is question-based and the main research question can be proposed as follows:- How has active and passive engagement led to bazaar attendance?

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the degree of market attendance based on the degree of user engagement with the bazaar environment. Accordingly, the degree of attendance of individuals in the bazaar is known as a dependent variable and the quality of engagement with the bazaar environment is known as an independent variable; Also, the traditional Shiraz bazaar complex has been considered as a case study example. Bazaar attendance refers to the degree of willingness of individuals to use each of the markets to perform voluntary activities. They were interviewed and asked about the reasons for choosing the entrance that was used to enter the bazaar. Therefore, to measure the presence in each market, questions were asked about the reasons for their attendance in the bazaar.
In relation to measuring the engagement with space in the bazaar, two dimensions of passive conflict and active engagement were considered. Passive engagement through analysis of ability level, historical physical elements, formal beauty and active engagement through visibility, edge quality and neighborhood quality. It was evaluated in each bazaar. In connection with data collection, various methods such as observation, interview, field surveys and review of documents and library studies, and in data analysis, methods of space syntax and content analysis were used.

Rows 3 and 2 have the most engagement with space, respectively, and rows 4 and 5 have the least spatial engagement among the different rows of the traditional Shiraz bazaar. On the other hand, in relation to the parameter of the tendency to be attendance in the internal space of the bazaar as a dependent variable, the highest values ​​are observed in the 2nd and 3rd orders and the lowest values ​​are observed in the 5th and 4th orders. This confirms the main hypothesis of the research that there is a relationship between conflict in the bazaar and the tendency of people to be in attendance in the bazaar.

The general results of this research can be in attendance as follows:- The most important achievement of the attendance study is to confirm the existence of a correlation between spatial engagement in the bazaar and the desire to be attendance in the bazaars.
Passive engagement in any bazaar can be assessed by: vision cone, the results showed that there was a direct relationship between spatial engagement and the tendency to use the bazaar. Cones of view, visage qualitative elements, historical physical elements, visibility, quality of edges and quality of neighborhoods are among the dimensions of spatial engagement in bazaars that have contributed to bazaar attendance.
 
And historical physical elements. In this regard, the existence of surface differences in the level of entrances and shops to the level of the bazaar order and the appropriate width of the order and entrances, direct geometric structure and spatial openness along the bazaar order, increase the level of efficiency in the bazaar order. The higher the level of capability at the entrances and bazaar s, the more physical units, events and details can be seen in it, which increases passive engagement and bazaar attendance.
Axial symmetry in the entrances and rows, harmony in the materials used and the decorations and details of the bodies, the attendance of rhythm in the bodies and the ceiling, the variety of colors in the bazaar, increase the visage qualitative elements and the tendency to watch and roam in the bazaar. Has increased bazaar attendance.
The attendance of old names and signs, the attendance of traditional architectural elements, the preservation of long-standing old uses, both attract residents through reminiscence and are very attractive to tourists. In this way, these components encourage users to move and roam and watch and stay in space, and thus cause inactive engagement and ultimately attendance in the bazaar space.
Active engagement in any bazaar can be assessed by: visibility, edge quality, and neighborhood quality. In this connection, the less the depth between the arena and the shops and also the separation of the arenas without physical barrier, the visual influence between the arena and the shops increases and the possibility of interaction and communication between passers-by and shopkeepers increases in both directions. Increases active and bazaar attendance.
Whenever there are edges in the interior of the bazaar that have the right structure, furniture and equipment to sit on, a variety of activities are formed along the edge, which increases the interaction between different user groups and active engagement along the edge, which Increases bazaar attendance.
The greater the variety and interdependence of compatible uses in the path field as well as the activities formed in the path field, the greater the relationships between uses and activities, and ultimately the interaction between uses and activities and the people attendance in the bazaar. In this connection, the appropriate width and width of the route causes the route to have the capacity and potential to attract more activities. In addition, the attendance of crowded uses along the bazaar route invites more people to the bazaar. Also, neighborhoods with a central open space that have the potential to stop and invite people in, increase active interaction and conflict between people because in these spaces, people are more likely to face each other. The sum of these factors increases the opportunities for interaction and promotes attendance.

Biophilic urban planning, drawing inspiration from nature, positively influences the physical, social, and environmental dimensions in city development. Tehran, as one of the country's significant metropolises, encounters numerous challenges in terms of development and urban planning. This research aims to examine Tehran's biophilic urban development indicators and their impact on the city's sustainable development. The research method is descriptive-analytical, relying on data collected through a survey. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, validated through an elite society, and its reliability confirmed using Cronbach's coefficient exceeding 0.70. The statistical population comprises specialists in urban development and urban planning. At the sample level, 150 questionnaires were distributed, and 123 were completed. The results indicate a lack of biophilic urban planning indicators in Tehran. The indices related to biophilic urban development infrastructure, places and spaces, as well as societal and individual activities in biophilic urban development, were significant at a level less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. The societal and individual activity index in biophilic urban development exhibited the poorest status, averaging 2.271, while the biophilic urban development infrastructure index demonstrated the best status, averaging 2.562.The regression model results confirmed that biophilic urban development indicators can account for 93.5% of the changes (variance) in Tehran's sustainable development. Notably, the index of biophilic urban development infrastructure, with a beta value of 0.351, exerted the most significant impact on the city's sustainable development process.

 Considering the importance of urban development issues and the necessity of foresight, one of the basic strategies for managing issues and problems is to use appropriate patterns of urban development and urban planning; Because urban development based on a single model and appropriate to regional and local conditions can lead to its sustainability. Biophilic urbanism is a clear example of the urbanism model that has become very important during the last decade. Considering that nature is the source of emotions, passion, joy, fragrance, space, and beauty, and considering that humans are naturalistic and nature-loving by nature, human-made creations should always be in harmony with be nature This type of urban development has been based on nature, and according to the changes and development of cities, especially metropolises, paying attention to the indicators of this type of urban development can bring various physical, social and environmental consequences.The city of Tehran is one of the important metropolises with many challenges and problems in various economic, social, physical and environmental dimensions, including excessive population growth, increasing marginalization, lack of green spaces, reduction of peace and stress problems for citizens, transportation problems And Naqal, air pollution and.... is facing. Many of these problems, especially in the physical and environmental aspects, are rooted in the prevailing type of architecture and urban planning. The type of urban development and the development process of this city can be effective in controlling and managing many of these issues. In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the extent of Tehran's biophilic urban development indicators and their impact on the sustainable development process of this city.

The current study is an applied research employing a descriptive-analytical methodology and falls within the category of quantitative research. The research methodology is based on the collection of survey (field) data, utilizing a questionnaire as the primary tool for data collection. The statistical population for this specialized study consists of experts and specialists in the field of urban planning and Shahres. To identify participants, a snowball method was employed due to limitations in accessing the community of experts. A total of 150 experts were identified and provided with questionnaires, of which 123 were completed. The research's validity was established and confirmed through the involvement of an elite society. To ensure reliability in the questionnaire analyses, the index's value was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, surpassing the standard value of 0.70, indicating acceptable reliability.

The results of this research showed that the city of Tehran is in an unfavorable situation in terms of biophilic urban planning indicators. In other words, the level of Tehran's possession of biophilic urbanism infrastructure indicators, biophilic urbanism places and spaces, as well as the activity index of society and people in the field of biophilic urbanism is weak. This weakness is due to the lack of attention and planning in the field of various indicators, such as the lack of urban agriculture, the lack of proper management of pollutants, the lack of compliance with the proper height of buildings, the lack of flood control infrastructure, the lack of diversity in land use, the lack of spaces A city with natural light, lack of trees in urban spaces, lack of diversity of green space, lack of use of indigenous and climate-based materials in urban spaces, lack of access of citizens to green and ecological spaces, lack of implementation of collective and voluntary environmental programs, lack of Protection of green spaces and urban forests, lack of education regarding the consequences of climate change is visible.In addition to this, the results showed that in some limited indicators, the city of Tehran, whether planned or in the form of various programs and projects, had an average status. These indicators include the public transportation index to reduce carbon production and the index of comfortable and safe movement in urban spaces. In general, the status of biophilic urban development indicators in Tehran city has been assessed as weak, and the level of enjoyment of these indicators has been low.The result of the research shows that the city of Tehran is favorable in some areas and weak in some areas in terms of sustainable development indicators. The indicators of economic efficiency of the city, access of citizens to technology and technology, access of all citizens to educational services, access to medical and health centers have favorable conditions. But other indicators, including quality of life, citizens' participation in city management, empowering citizens for various activities, preserving the city's environment, preventing air and water pollution, appropriate distribution of land uses, and preventing excessive growth of the city, have been assessed as weak. In general, the status of sustainable development indicators in Tehran is not favorable.Considering the importance of indicators of biophilic urbanization and sustainable development, as well as the proximity of the indicators of these two approaches in terms of urban development, the promotion of each can help to realize and improve the other approach. The result of the research also points to the existence of a significant relationship between these two approaches. Therefore, indicators of biophilic urbanism and sustainable development can be effective in promoting each other. The result of the research also showed that biophilic urban development indicators are effective in sustainable urban development, and in this context, the most effective indicator was related to biophilic urban development infrastructure index. Two indicators, the index of places and spaces of urban development and the index of community and people's activity in the field of urban development, are also known in the next ranks.

In sum, this research confirms that in the management and development of Tehran city, no attention has been paid to the biophilic urban planning approach and its indicators, and due to the importance of nature-based issues in urban visual and semantic development, it is necessary to give importance to the indicators of this approach. . In addition, giving importance to biophilic urban development indicators can help the sustainable development process of this city and prevent some problems from occurring in the future.

The issue of resilience has become very important both scientifically and theoretically, as well as in practice and practice in the world. The concept of urban resilience also includes the ways in which cities change and the capacity of individuals, communities, institutions, businesses, and systems within a city to cope with and respond to a variety of pressures. Today, the global view of risk has shifted from a focus on reducing vulnerability to increasing resilience. As a result, the application of the concept of resilient societies and the ways to create and strengthen them have become more widely used; In this regard, this applied research has been compiled using analytical-descriptive method with the aim of finding the role of economic indicators on physical-infrastructure resilience against runoff in District 7 of Ahvaz Municipality. The statistical population of this study consists of residents of this region and to determine the sample size using Cochran's formula, 382 questionnaires were distributed among the people of this region. The reliability of the research instrument was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha, which is equal to 0.852. In order to analyze the results of the questionnaire from statistical tests and structural equation modeling in SPSS and Amos software environment; Significance level of 0.189 in physical criterion and 0.040 in economic criterion indicates poor resilience of each of these criteria separately and also the results of this study in structural modeling show that economic indicators play a significant role in Has physical-infrastructure resilience and the unfavorable economic indicators, the physical resilience-infrastructure resilience of the region greatly reduces and on the other hand increases the risk of vulnerability in District 7 of Ahvaz Municipality. 

In the early years of the 21st century. It happened in human life that these changes in the context of globalization have affected the economy, culture, social relations and human life and reflected these relations in the spatial formation, especially in cities, which are in fact part of the institutions. Are dynamic society, manifested. According to the United Nations, more than half of the world's population now lives in cities, which by 2030 will reach 60%. On the other hand, increasing migration to cities has posed a wide variety of challenges to urban development. At present, the issue of resilience has become very important in the world, both scientifically and theoretically, as well as in practice and practice, and has provided a new perspective on complex social, environmental and sustainable development systems. Resistance, especially the concept of urban resilience, includes the way in which cities change and the capacity of individuals, communities, institutions, businesses, and systems within a city to respond and adapt to a variety of pressures. Today, the global view of risk has shifted from focusing on reducing vulnerability to increasing resilience. As a result, the application of the concept of resilient societies and the ways to create and strengthen them have become more widely used. Different individuals and schools, according to their views and approaches, have paid attention to the issue of resilience in the field of economics and have organized their studies accordingly. It is a resilient economic system when it can absorb temporary or permanent shocks and adapt to rapidly changing conditions without losing its stability. Among the dimensions of resilience, the economic dimension is basically one of the most important; According to recent discussions in urban planning and related economics, measuring economic structures is possible by identifying the weaknesses of the economic system in order to increase economic resilience caused by human and natural disasters. Water and sewage supply and water services in general are essential needs for human well-being. However, in many countries these services are not performed and organized in a planned and controlled manner. Especially in urban areas where systems are exposed to internal or external disturbances and may cause serious problems for the health and environment of individuals as well as the economy of communities.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and in the research literature section, library method and field studies have been used to collect information. So that the required information in the research literature section is obtained through documentary and library studies and research background, and in the next stage, the available data and information through the study of comprehensive plans and plans of the Ahvaz Municipality Improvement and Renovation Organization in order to identify The study area was collected, and field studies were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this study is the residents of district seven of Ahvaz municipality. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size and in order to process information to analyze the resilience of the region in the study area, structural equation modeling methods and statistical analysis methods such as SPSS and Amos software were used. The main data collection tool of the research is a researcher-made questionnaire and the variables used in the questionnaires have been collected by studying the research background and theoretical foundations. The statistical population of the present study consists of residents, businesses and individuals who travel or live in the seven districts of Ahvaz Municipality. The statistical sample of this research was obtained through Cochran's formula which is equal to 382 questionnaires.

The results of structural modeling show that the number of free parameters for the development of the NPAR model, which is 36 for the default model, indicates that the researcher in the development of the model does not easily spend degrees of freedom and this situation is acceptable. Be. Chi-square index (chi-square) is equal to 225.155 and the level of significance is 0.000, which has shown a good result. Considering that the degree of freedom in this model is far from zero and close to the degree of independent freedom, it can be considered a desirable model. The ratio of chi-square to normal, for which values ​​of 1 to 3 are considered good, in the above model is equal to 1.933, which indicates a good situation for the model. The value of the root mean square index of the estimation error or RMSEA is equal to 0.049, which has a good and acceptable fit value for the model. The normalized fit index of Bentler Boyt with 0.789 is also considered good. Also in the table below, the value of the comparative fit index of 0.760 shows the value close to the acceptable values. The probability proximity index with a value of 0.522 is also acceptable. With all these descriptions, these indicators alone can't be a reason for the suitability of the model, but they must be analyzed and interpreted together.

The economic criterion was analyzed using a one-sample t-test; The results of t-test show that the significance level of this criterion is equal to 0.040, so it can be concluded that District 7 of Ahvaz Municipality is economically weak against runoff; Physical and infrastructural criteria were analyzed using Anova test in SPSS; This criterion examined the location of the buildings of the residents of the area; The results of the analysis of this criterion show that this criterion with a significance level of 0.189 does not follow the location of the buildings of the respondents and the physical resilience and infrastructure of the area is not related to the location of residents. In this criterion only height items Buildings, density and compression and satisfaction with the communication network were related to the location of the residents and these three items had different resilience according to the location of the respondents. This study generally seeks to determine the effect of economic criteria on physical-infrastructure indicators against surface runoff in District 7 of Ahvaz Municipality and concluded that economic criteria have a direct effect on physical indicators and in other words by increasing The level of economic resilience in the region, the physical resilience of the region also increases.

The mosque in Islam, the oldest institution in its history, plays a crucial role in shaping the concept of an Islamic city. The mosque is the most important symbol of the Islamic city in terms of landscape architecture and urban structure. However, the realization of an Islamic city requires attention to other aspects of the mosque as well. In today's era, especially in developing countries, a lack of trust and attention to societal needs can be seen in the lives of most city dwellers. As Islamic cities grow and transform into social centers, they often experience a decline in social solidarity and civic engagement, disrupting the system of collective relations and its functions. Therefore, it is essential to plan to increase social solidarity and prioritize these issues to raise social capital in cities.Among the places that can be effective in this field are mosques. By relying on Islamic teachings, mosques can help instill a sense of identity among citizens and significantly impact social solidarity and the development of Islamic cities, laying the foundation for a new Islamic civilization. This article is part of qualitative and applied research, conducted using library and documentation methods, aiming to explain the role of the mosque in achieving social solidarity and developing Islamic cities. The main question posed is: What is the role of the mosque in realizing social solidarity and the development of the Islamic city?The research findings show that mosques play a role beyond their physical presence in the emergence of Islamic cities. Mosques have various functions beyond religious use, and in the absence of alternative social and cultural institutions and spatial solutions in Islamic cities, the potential of the mosque as a religious and social center can be utilized to foster unity among citizens and promote social solidarity. This phenomenon has gradually spread to other Islamic cities due to their shared Islamic identity. Proper use of mosques can address many social problems of citizens in Islamic cities and contribute to their development. 

Today, the social context of Islamic neighborhoods and cities is very weak in terms of capital and assets derived from the network of residents' relations and how they interact with each other, and people should be addressed as people rather than citizens. The absence or lack of opportunities for citizen participation in the administration of the city has made them isolated. For this reason, it is necessary to look for elements in Islamic cities that are effective in realizing the title of Islamic city and its development and social solidarity. Religion is the deepest, truest and most enduring thing that can lead people to internal social solidarity, and this internal collective consensus is a prerequisite for social solidarity based on external indicators. And of course, the religion of Islam is no exception to this rule and having a social base such as mosques can play a significant role in this regard. Mosque in Islamic civilization can intervene in the urban body, pave the way for the realization of the title of Islamic city and also due to having various functions, including in social fields, can increase the rate of social solidarity. Furthermore, it should be noted that in Islamic cities, mosques have different types such as neighborhood mosque, city mosque and mosque.

According to the objectives and components under study, the type of applied research has been used in a library and documentary manner, and the method used in this paper has been a qualitative review method. Which has been compiled with the aim of explaining the position and role of the mosque in the realization of social solidarity and development of Islamic cities. The main question raised in this study is what is the position of the mosque in achieving social solidarity and development of the Islamic.

The main element and pillar of the pillar in the Islamic city is man. Because no city can be created without human beings, human beings can also have a direct influence on other pillars and elements in the design and construction of cities, namely law and body. The next pillar in the realization of the Islamic city is the law. Now, for the emergence of an Islamic city in which a pious person lives, there is a need for a law that meets the needs of this person and its implementation will cause the comfort and progress of the inhabitants of the city in material and spiritual matters. The third pillar is the urban body. This body should have a different function from other cities, so that the Muslim residents of the city, not only did not suffer from seeing these monuments and buildings on a daily basis, but watching this body all day long reminds them of Islamic thought and moves them forward in material things. And spirituality and humanity.An important point in the architecture of mosques is the height of the mosque, which is usually taller than other buildings in the neighborhood and the city. The Muslim inhabitants of the city to be effective in moving forward and progressing materially and spiritually.
In order to create social solidarity in the Islamic city, it is necessary to pay attention to points such as trust among citizens, participation and social cohesion among citizens, because these matters are the main structure of the social solidarity. One of the main effective factors in creating social solidarity is trust. It is among the citizens, so in the neighborhoods of Islamic cities, if there are centers where the people of that neighborhood gather; Such as cultural centers, mosques, etc. can be effective in creating this trust among the people. The second factor in creating social solidarity is participation among citizens. Matters such as participating in decision-making and decision-making, paying attention to solving the problems of the neighborhood and participating in solving them due to the awareness of neighborhood citizens about these issues, as well as being valuable and paying attention to the opinions of elders and trustees Respect of local trustees for the demands and opinions of residents, creates a sense of ownership and motivates citizens to participate in the development of the neighborhood and, consequently, the city. Mosques, because they have a special place among the citizens of the Islamic city, can be a good place to gather, express and take care of neighborhood and city affairs, and thus become a place to create social solidarity among citizens.
It should be noted that mosques are not one-dimensional and are not just a place for Muslim worship, but in fact a place for a Muslim community in a city, and this community can be active in various fields, the most important of which are: The place of worship is the place of holding religious ceremonies and occasions, promoting the practical principles and theoretical foundations of Islam in worldly and otherworldly affairs, teaching Islamic ethics and finally the place of training a perfect human being in material and spiritual dimensions. The architecture of mosques and their location as a neighborhood mosque, city mosque and mosque should be in a way that, in addition to its formation and impact on the creation of the body of the Islamic city, is also reminiscent of the Islamic concepts mentioned. Because the realization and development of Islamic cities requires a special look at mosques. If the mosque can be active in all the mentioned dimensions, it can definitely play a role in the development of Islamic cities, because by cultivating committed people and encouraging them to gain expertise in other specialized and academic centers and by implementing it, It can revive the spirit of Islam in the whole city and be the basis for the development of the Islamic city in every sense.

As long as the values of a society and the realities of an environment are compatible, society is free from social tensions and anomalies. Such a society can restore and maintain its social solidarity with the focus on mosques without experiencing social tensions and disruptions, and without being affected by new phenomena.By developing an urban planning policy based on the sense of ownership of the people, we can increase the rate of social solidarity among citizens, and thus take positive steps in achieving a healthy, safe, vibrant, identity-friendly neighborhood suitable for Muslim life. picked up.According to Durkheim's theory, the degree of religiosity of individuals is directly related to their social solidarity. People can come together and further help to solve most of the social problems of citizens in Islamic cities with a focus on mosques, can ultimately lead to the development of Islamic cities.

The process of regeneration of Derelict Fabric is done to revitalize, modernize, and enhance the quality of the environment to achieve a desirable future and to address future issues of urbanization and urban life in order to have a viable city and neighborhood. Sustainable city, in a simple definition, is a city that has the components of security, dynamism and vitality and also provides safe and attractive housing, education, health and culture for citizens. Among the different qualities expressed by different theorists in terms of spaces responsive to user needs can be security, dynamics and vitality. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of security, safety and vitality components on the regeneration process of worn-out neighborhoods in the White Soil neighborhood of Chahar-e-Tehran. The data were collected using a questionnaire which was used to assess its validity by Cronbach's alpha method, whose reliability was confirmed by 0.831. To determine the sample size, Cochran formula was used and 321 questionnaires were calculated and distributed among the residents of 69458 white soil neighborhoods. Then, data were extracted and categorized. In the Findings section, according to the tables, the variables related to the indicators of effective safety and vitality have the highest to moderate acceptance. In spite of the exhaustion of neighborhood texture, security and vitality can be seen in the neighborhood. In other words, it can be concluded that security, dynamism and vitality will advance the goals of regeneration and enhance the process of regeneration of worn-out neighborhoods.  

 The feeling of belonging to a place in ancient tissues has always been the most important factor for its durability and stability, both physically and functionally, and semantically and memory-wise. Spatial affiliation refers to a cognitive relationship with a particular environment or space, and in fact attachment to a place is a symbolic relationship created by individuals to a place that gives common emotional, emotional and cultural meanings to a particular space. (Altman & Low, 1992) A spatial place is an identity-building, relative, and historical that never completely disappears. Residential neighborhoods are one of the oldest urban heritage that the sense of belonging of residents makes it sustainable. Users are stated, we can refer to the quality components of the urban environment (sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality). Among the different definitions of these environmental qualities, it is emphasized that these components indicate the dynamism and vibrancy of the space, and as a result, that space will be suitable for the presence and activity of users. Therefore, these environmental qualities seem to increase the sense of environmental belonging, and through this, among the diverse range of qualities of urban spaces, the mentioned components are undoubtedly one of the influential qualities in creating space (Lynch. 1997.307) )Today, urban and citizenship issues have become the most important issues affecting the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of human life. Before this period, the city was important in its general sense, but in the contemporary period, this importance has been perceived by a wider range of people. Therefore, addressing the new theories of the city, each with the aim of solving urban problems, improving the quality and quantity of life of citizens in cities, improving the quality of the city environment, city management, advancing the city to become more desirable, etc. It is more important than ever. Viability, which ensures sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality, is divided into three interrelated dimensions: the economy, society and the environment. If the function of any of these three dimensions is disrupted, human settlements can quickly deteriorate, resulting in declining population, poverty, social conflict, and rising health and environmental issues. (Khorasani, 2011:35) In general, a livable city includes a diverse set of characteristics: sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism, vitality and participation. If urban areas do not have viability factors, the only motivation for new residents is to have a shelter, and despite many cultural differences, they live in this part of the city due to low housing prices. Therefore, due to the feeling of separation and alienation from neighbors and residents, it suffers from confusion and confusion, and consequently, social, economic and cultural instability occurs in these neighborhoods.

The research method of this article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. Its purpose is to evaluate the Sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality situation in Khak-e-Sefid neighborhood of Tehran's Chahar district based on the explained indicators. The statistical population studied in this study are residents of Khak-e-Sefid neighborhood, located in the sixth district of Tehran's four municipalities. According to the latest census in 2016, Khak-e-Sefid or Golshan neighborhood has a population of 69,458 people. Thus, the Sense of belonging to a place of the neighborhood is assessed using field data collection (distribution of a questionnaire among the residents of the studied neighborhood). Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size. 321 questionnaires were calculated for the population of 69458 people in Khak-e-Sefid neighborhood and distributed among the residents. To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the views of experts, experts and city managers were used. In this study, Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of the measurement tool. Cronbach's alpha obtained in this study was 0.831, which indicates that the reliability coefficient is at an acceptable level. Finally, after analyzing the information through SPSS method, finally based on the obtained results, recommendations to improve the performance of neighborhood spaces in order to improve its vitality and sense of belonging to a place and the effect of security, dynamism and vitality on the regeneration of Khak-e-Sefid neighborhood with emphasis on using The model of sustainable neighborhood development will be presented.

To achieve the purpose of the research and answer the main question of the research on whether the components of sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and compatibility affect the regeneration of problematic tissues, the variables and indicators that were in the form of a questionnaire were provided to the statistical community. The respondents are residents of Khak-e-Sefid neighborhood of Chahar city of Tehran. Due to the high population of the neighborhood, the sampling method and determining the sample size were used to study the area through the Cochran's formula and 321 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Considering that the components of sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and adaptation in each city, region and neighborhood are affected by the three dimensions of social, economic and environmental cities that constitute the indicators of urban livability, the response of neighborhood residents to each of the variables The trivia of livability is given in tables in the text of the article. 

In answer to the research question, ie the components of sense of belonging to a place security, dynamism and compatibility affect the regeneration of problematic tissues, it should be said that what is effective in the sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality of an urban neighborhood are things that can result in referring to urban space as a destination. In other words, coming to space and staying in it can make the space safe and lively and lead to the accumulation of memory. According to the results obtained from the tables and analysis of the percentage of frequency variables of livability dimensions, each of which has a high impact on creating sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality of the neighborhood environment. It is observed that the variables related to the indicators affecting safety and well-being, especially the variables related to the indicators of "recreation and leisure", "cohesion and belonging", "individual and social security" and "participation and solidarity" have the highest to moderate acceptance. It can be concluded that the more livable the neighborhoods and residential areas of cities and of course have the components of sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality, the goals and results of urban regeneration and regeneration projects are achieved more quickly and the neighborhoods and residential areas of their past originality are comfortable They will gain more principles.

Today, the growth of urbanization rates in the world has not only caused issues such as environmental degradation, inefficiency of urban structures and traffic problems, but also has had a negative impact on the health of urban residents. Citizens' health is severely affected and threatened by urban programs and projects such as housing, urban renewal, and the transportation system. On the other hand, urban development programs that are implemented in the form of plans are one of the most important tools of planners in order to intervene in the affairs of the city, and paying attention to them can be appropriate in increasing the health of citizens. Different methods are used to evaluate the designs. The Health Impact Assessment (HIA) method, by identifying the relationship between urban planning factors and health, measures the impact of an urban plan on citizens' health. The purpose of this study is to identify health in general in urban planning and in particular to evaluate the detailed plan of the ten districts of Tehran with the method of assessing health effects. Regarding the method of conducting this research, which is of an applied type, the research evaluation variables were extracted and then its detailed design was evaluated with the method of health impact assessment. There was. Findings showed that eight criteria in the four components of transportation and sustainable access, sustainable economy and social inclusion have the greatest impact on health. Finally, by evaluating the detailed plan of region ten by mixed research method, it was found that the criteria of quality of living environment (with a score of 0.271), access to public services (0.165) and optimality of housing size (0.143) have the most negative impact on health of citizens in this region. And in order to improve the health status of the citizens of ten district of Tehran, it is necessary to pay more basic attention to the issues of quality of housing environment, access to public services and optimization of housing size in the detailed plan of this district.

Today, the growth of urbanization rates in the world has not only caused issues such as environmental degradation, tissue inefficiency and traffic problems, but also has had a negative impact on the health of urban residents. In fact, the city as a whole and its social and political issues have shown their connection with the components of the city, i.e. its inhabitants and in this regard, new responsibilities of city planners have been revealed, which should pay attention to all the needs of city residents, including their physical and mental health. On the other hand, urban development programs are one of the main tools of urban planners for the development of human societies. Through the development programs that are applied to the whole city, the effects on the citizens will be put, which can endanger the health of the citizens. Assessment of which can determine their effects in different ways. 

The Health Impact Assessment (HIA) method measures the impact of an urban plan on citizens' health by identifying the relationship between urban planning and health factors. In this study, considering the problems of Tehran's District 10, such as tissue inefficiency and environmental and traffic problems, its detailed design was assessed using the health impact assessment method. In this applied research, after identifying the necessity of the problem, the research literature was compiled based on the method of assessing health effects. Then the proposed criteria and indicators were evaluated. In order to collect research information and data, the method of library / documentary studies (secondary data) and semi-structured interviews have been used. Therefore, health effects were assessed for Detailed plan region 10 of Tehran. Techniques used in the health impact assessment process include steps: screening, delineation, impact assessment, review, and transcendental. In the screening and delineation phase using selected indicators as well as available reports and documents, in addition to a thorough knowledge of the study area, the need and obligation to use a health impact assessment method in research is revealed. In the impact assessment phase, in order to assess the situation in region 10, after determining the indicators affecting health, each of the indicators of the study area is statistically and spatially analyzed and a comprehensive database of indicators is prepared. In order to analyze the information, according to the objectives and nature of the research, in which the application of spatial analysis is also obvious, and determining the weight of the importance of the indicators relative to each other and their combined evaluation, form the indicators. Finally, the effects of the formed process are reviewed for general analysis. 

In order to evaluate the program or in other words, the level of response of the detailed plan to the issue of health, the evaluation checklist was compiled in two parts of the theoretical and executive evaluation of the program. The response rate of each item to the selected criteria and indicators scores from zero to four. Then, the score obtained in the weight and the effectiveness of each of the selected indicators and criteria, which is multiplied by the Delphi method from urban planning experts as well as health department experts in expert choice software, will be the final score of each component in the selected criterion. As mentioned in the introduction of the detailed plan of the region, the plan has proposed a set of goals, strategies and executive strategies that can be assessed to assess the health effects of the program due to or not paying attention to the selected criteria in the stage. Before extracting was paid. According to the table provided, the final score of the strategies in the detailed plan of Region 10 is equal to 0.532 in the component of housing and living environment, which has the greatest impact. Examining the consequences of health determinants in the region shows that the most criterion (urban planning factors) affecting the health of residents in the region is the quality of the living environment. This is also confirmed by the evidence in District Ten, as District Ten is one of the most inefficient areas of the urban fabric and there are many polluting workshops and uses in this area; Therefore, according to the results of the present study and the evaluation of the health effects of the detailed plan of District 10, the most important criterion that affects the health of citizens can be considered the quality of the living environment. After that, equitable access to public services in the region, which in itself is a result of improper urban planning, has been the second most effective criterion. Optimal housing size, access to public transportation, quality housing, and participation are other criteria for urban planning that affect the health of residents in the detailed plan of District Ten, respectively. In the research method, it was stated that the closer the final score number is to +1 and -1, the stronger the relationship is. Therefore, it is now possible to answer research questions in a way that generally affects citizens' health planning. Also, in the present study in the region, ten criteria of residential quality (with a score of 0.271), access to public services (0.165) and housing size optimality (0.143) have the most negative impact on the health of citizens in this region and it is necessary to improve the health of citizens. This area of Tehran should pay more attention to the issues of quality of housing, access to public services and the optimality of housing size in the detailed plan of this area.

The increase in urban population in the world has had many consequences in various dimensions on the lives of city dwellers. In fact, in addition to the challenges of self-planning, such as housing and economic problems of cities and citizens, there is a more basic challenge, namely the physical and mental health of citizens. The health impact assessment method, by its own criteria, measures the effect of each of the urban planning factors on the health of the city and citizens and shows in an urban development plan and plan, such as a detailed plan, making suggestions in which areas can increase citizens' health. This study found that there is a significant relationship between urban planning and its tools such as development plans and citizens' health, which is very understandable in the detailed plan of the ten districts of Tehran due to environmental pollution. In this study, after studying the theoretical foundations of the health impact assessment method, the relevant criteria were extracted. The criteria were classified into four components of sustainable economy, social inclusion, transportation and sustainable access, as well as housing and habitable environment. Then, by identifying area ten and its detailed plan, the criteria of the health impact assessment method in area ten were assessed. Findings from the study show that the most important and most important determinant of health in District 10 is the quality of the living environment. In other words, improving the quality of housing in the region has a significant impact on the health of the region. Although this issue has been seen in the objectives of the plan, but the results of this study show that attention to the issue of quality of living environment from the perspective of health impact assessment still need to be considered in detailed plans. Also, other determinants of health based on the results of the research can be considered as the optimal size of housing, access to public transportation, quality housing and participation, which should be given more attention. Compared to other researches, the present study considered that according to the planning criteria, it can affect the health of citizens and, like other limited researches in this field, the health of citizens can be evaluated in an urban development plan.

Twenty-first-century cities are rapidly changing in shape and size. This transformation in the present century has accelerated urban growth without planning for the main element of the city, namely man. But have cities been able to adapt to this increase in population and meet the needs of the people living inside them? Today's cities in Iran are no exception to this rule, but more than other countries have sometimes been involved in this issue. Historically, creativity has always been the driving force of cities, and cities have survived in terms of creativity. A creative city is a place for the growth of people's creativity and open space for creative development and investment and the creation of creative urban growth in the context of peace and comfort for the future. The creative city seeks to remove deprecation from urban spaces that push people rapidly toward the abyss of urban decline. Therefore, creative planning seeks to identify and create creative urban spaces that lead to urban development. In this study, urban creativity indices based on Florida’s theory were analyzed by the SPSS method using 384 questionnaires designed based on the Likert method. To weight creativity indicators, the ANP network analysis model was used in Super Decision software and TOPSIS multi-criteria decision model was used to analyze the variables of urban creativity indicators. 

The world today is increasingly urbanized and more than half of the world's population lives in cities. Accordingly, the city is now a place where new combinations of cultures and economies are emerging and developing. Therefore, the city is conceptualized using terms such as creative city and creative class, which express the importance of culture in the urban context.  In modern approaches to the city, the creative city has been proposed as a strategic method in the field of thinking. The turning point of the third wave of urbanization is knowledge-based and creative cities. Cities and urban environments can be considered the best and most valuable technological, artistic, cultural, and social achievements of human beings over the centuries. Today, after the introduction of terms such as creative class, creative industries, and creative city by UNESCO, the approach of many cities has been towards creativity from urban planning to design and urban planning.The metropolis of Tabriz is no exception to this rule. The existence of cultural and educational places such as numerous universities, technology parks, research centers, industrial centers is very important in the field of economy and becoming the industrial hub of northwestern Iran. Finally, the existence of cultural, artistic, and tourist places such as the largest indoor market and historic houses with global and national registration has a great share in attracting foreign and domestic tourists. It may help to achieve economic prosperity and to become a creative city by attracting tourists and flourishing creative industries. According to the subject of the research, it is assumed that the historical-cultural region of Tabriz metropolis has the greatest ability to realize a creative city. Due to the importance of creativity in urban planning, this study seeks to find the answer to the following question.
What is the situation of the historical and cultural region of the eight metropolises of Tabriz in terms of creativity? 

This research is practical in terms of the type of research and purpose and the conducted method is descriptive-analytical. To weight creativity indicators, the ANP network analysis model in Super Decision software and to analyze the studied variables, i.e. indicators related to urban creativity, multi-criteria, or multi-criteria TOPSIS decision model was used to prioritize areas. After designing the questionnaires, the data of the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software and the results are extracted.

The hypothesis formulated in this research is that the historical and cultural region of the eight metropolises of Tabriz is the greatest ability to create a creative city. Analyzes performed using ANP and TOPSIS methods show that the historical and cultural region of the eight metropolises of Tabriz is in the first place. The score obtained for the eight cultural and historical regions of Tabriz in the view of Florida with the TOPSIS model is equal to CLI = 0.3133.Also, according to the analysis of the questionnaires, the eight metropolitan areas of Tabriz was ranked first among the ten districts of Tabriz.Therefore, with all the analyzes, it is clear that the historical and cultural area of Tabriz metropolis has the most ability to pay attention to the creative city among other areas of Tabriz. 

According to previous research on the relationship between culture and creativity, which was mentioned in the research background, the results of this study also confirm that there is an effective and significant relationship between cultural factors in the city and the creativity of that city. The stronger the cultural factors (arts, cultural industries, performing arts, music and folklore literature, etc.) along with other indicators of creativity in a city, the urban area is the most urban creativity and the most prone area for creative planning.

The expansion of urbanization and the concentration of facilities in metropolitan areas have forced people to live in these cities. However, this increase in population has led to insecurity, unemployment, air pollution, and environmental issues. New cities have been established to solve these problems and to organize the overpopulation. Examining the urban infrastructure of new cities leads to extracting their strengths and weaknesses. More accurate planning should be formed to attract the population and the coefficient of survival in these cities should be higher. Accordingly, in this study, two new cities, Andisheh and Parand, have been studied to measure the level of citizens' satisfaction with urban infrastructure. Explanation of criteria and indicators was extracted through a review of international articles and the level of satisfaction was assessed through a questionnaire (381 items) in each city and field survey. The research method is descriptive-analytical and to examine the indicators, t-test, factor analysis model, and linear regression in Amos software have been statistically analyzed. First, the significance of the indicators was examined and then the factor analysis method was performed and a load of each factor was extracted. Using the linear regression method, the indicators were prioritized in the studied areas. The results show that the level of citizens 'satisfaction with the index andsub-indices of the ecosystem and urban and technical-thematic landscape and inthe city of Andisheh, the index and sub-indices of justice and equality and ecosystem and urban landscape have a higher impact on citizens' satisfaction than other factors. On the other hand, financial-economic, technical-thematic factors, and human development in the new city of Andisheh have the lowest, and access and spatial and institutional formation in the new city of Parand has the lowest level of satisfaction among people. 

A comprehensive theoretical framework can help planners and managers deal with urban problems. On the other hand, looking at the physical dimensions of urban infrastructure shows that the soft dimension of urban infrastructure has been neglected. Therefore, the present article focuses on providing a comprehensive framework of urban infrastructure to take a comprehensive approach to the urban infrastructure for new cities, by considering its various dimensions. The present study has two aims 1- present a comprehensive theoretical framework of urban infrastructure 2- Examining the level of citizens' satisfaction with the state of urban infrastructure in the new cities of Andisheh and Parand.

The purpose is to investigate the residents' level of satisfaction of the two new cities of Parand and Andisheh as indicators of urban infrastructure. In order the level of citizens 'satisfaction, which of the components of urban infrastructure is more relevant and which component in urban infrastructure has a greater impact on residents' satisfaction and can determine the preference for housing in terms of infrastructure, the Factor analysis, and classification of criteria according to the output of the questionnaires was used. Using multivariate linear regression and considering citizens' satisfaction as a dependent variable, the criteria, and indicators obtained from the theoretical framework as independent variables are measured to measure their relationships. First, the questionnaire data is entered into the Amos software, then the variables are extracted using the factor analysis method. There are several fitness indicators to evaluate the fit of the structural equation model.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the level of satisfaction of residents of the two new cities of Andisheh and Parand with urban infrastructure indicators. In order to obtain the level of satisfaction of citizens, which one of the components of urban infrastructure is more related, and which component of urban infrastructure has a greater impact on the satisfaction of residents, and can determine the level of preference for residence in terms of infrastructure.

According to the surveys, in the two new cities of Andisheh and Parand, the criterion of ecosystem and urban landscape is at the highest level of citizens' satisfaction, which should be maintained and improved. On the other hand, in order to increase the level of satisfaction of the residents, the weak points should be given more importance than the strong points. In the new city of Andisheh, the factors of financial-economic, technical-thematic and human development, and in the new city of Parand, the factor of accessibility and spatial and institutional formation is at the lowest level of satisfaction, which requires more attention at different levels of management and planning. The present study explained a comprehensive theoretical framework in the field of identifying urban infrastructure in the new city.

The expansion of urbanization and the many issues and problems arising from it in urban life have made it more necessary to pay attention to all aspects of urban development and prosperity. In this regard, the examination of cities based on the urban prosperity Index as a broad and comprehensive conceptual framework is an important issue in the discussion of urban planning. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the comparative evaluation of the eight districts of the Karaj City based on the Urban Prosperity Index (CPI). The research method is descriptive-analytical and its purpose is applied. This research is based on the method of descriptive-analytical research and based on practical purpose. The method of data collection was documented-library, and the method of their analysis was quantitative-qualitative. Also, Shannon Entropy methods (to calculate the weight of the criteria) and WASPAS multi-criteria decision-making technique have been used to analyze data and information. The results of the research show that the condition of Karaj metropolitan areas is very unfavorable condition in terms of productivity indicators and infrastructure development. The stratification of the districts in terms of Urban Prosperity Index (CPI) has shown that region 9 of Karaj City with a final score of 0.510 has a favorable condition, regions 1, 8 and 11 have semi-favorable condition and districts 2, 5, 6 and 7 (four out of eight Karaj metropolitan area) have an unfavorable condition. Also, zone five is in the most unfavorable condition with a final score of 0.235. The conclusion of this research shows that based on the final score (Qi) there is a severe inequality between the eight districts of the Karaj City in terms of urban prosperity Index (CPI). Also, the deprived districts of Karaj are geographically, the unfavorable districts of Karaj are mostly located in the east of this metropolis, and the unfavorable condition in terms of infrastructure development is a common point of these districts. 

Today, urban areas are more than half of the world's population. These areas, before being a place for growth and prosperity, have become the biggest threat to the planet in various ecological, social and economic fields. The rapid growth of urbanization, especially in developing countries, has fueled these threats, which will have destructive effects on citizens. The current urbanization trend shows that by 2050, more than 3 billion people will live in cities, which will increase the population distribution ratio by two-thirds. It is expected that this global trend of urbanization, on the one hand, will cause economic growth and development, and on the other hand, it will cause emerging challenges such as social anomalies, reduction of social identity, the spread of environmental problems, and socio-economic inequalities. The lack of proper infrastructure and the overall decrease in the quality of life in cities.The concept of prosperity was proposed by describing success, health, progress and living well. The dimensions of urban prosperity include infrastructure development, productivity, justice and social participation, governance and urban legislation, quality of life and livability. In fact, in order to become sustainable, the cities of developing countries should pay attention to the participation of different social groups, especially the poor and the preservation of the environment, in addition to improving their overall economic structure. In fact, urban prosperity, along with preserving the environment, economic production and technological development, also pays attention to indicators such as happiness, vitality, and dynamism, and it can be said that it seeks higher goals than sustainable development. This new attitude has two important functions for cities; first, it acts as a structure for measuring global competitiveness, where cities can evaluate their condition and compare their performance with other cities in the world, and secondly, it can identify problems.

The research method is descriptive-analytical, and its purpose is applied. The librarian and documentary methods were also used for data collection; articles and similar internal and external patterns and other scientific sources have also been used. The required data were collected from the official statistics of the Iranian Statistics Center and the detailed plan of Karaj. And then Shannon's entropy methods (to calculate the weight of the criteria) and the multi-criteria decision-making technique (WASPAS) are used to analyze data and information.

One of the most important tasks of urban and regional planners is to evaluate and identify the development of geographical areas to provide balanced development and development of urban areas and neighborhoods. The classification of the districts can reveal their spatial, social, cultural, and economic differences, so leveling requires careful study and study. The advantage of this is that there is a competitive atmosphere between different cities and districts in a city, which in turn provides more motivation for urban development, as well as city officials being aware of the awareness of urban development. The current performance of the city in each of the aspects of this index can make better decisions. In this study, with an analytical -descriptive approach, the measurement and comparison of Karaj city were based on the urban prosperity Index. The results of the WASPAS model and the score of the districts of Karaj city (based on the criteria of urban prosperity) show that the nine districts (0.510) are in a favorable condition in terms of urban prosperity. Also, districts one (0.346), eight (0.397) and eleven (0.328) are in a semi-favorable condition and in terms of prosperity (relatively prosperous). Districts two (0.252), six (0.253) and seven (0.248) are in an unfavorable condition in terms of prosperity, and finally, region five (0.235) is in the most unfavorable condition in terms of urban prosperity, and also, this region is at the first level of priority for development planning. Also, districts one (0.346), eight (0.397) and eleven (0.328) are in a semi-favorable condition and in terms of prosperity (relatively prosperous). Districts two (0.252), six (0.253) and seven (0.248) are in an unfavorable condition in terms of prosperity, and finally, region five (0.235) is in the most unfavorable condition in terms of urban prosperity, and also, this region is at the first level of priority for development planning.

In fact, the more than double difference between the final score (Qi) of the ninth region as the most privileged region with a score of (0.510) and the fifth region as the most deprived region (0.235) in terms of urban prosperity Index, indicates imbalance and inequality. It is deep between the districts of Karaj metropolis. Also, the deprived districts of Karaj are Geographically, the unfavorable districts of Karaj are mostly located in the east of this metropolis, and the unfavorable condition in terms of infrastructure development is the common point of these district.

The worn texture has created physical, environmental and social problems in the urban space of Gorgan and Gonbad. Participation in the reconstruction of worn-out tissues is influenced by various factors, of which social capital is the most important prerequisite. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of social capital on citizen participation in the renovation of the worn-out Gorgan-Gonbad texture. Theoretical framework of the research is mainly based on Putnam's theories; Coleman and Bourdieu. Research method; In terms of purpose, it is applied, in terms of nature, it is descriptive of correlation and in terms of methodology, it is a survey. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. Cluster sampling and sample size are 382 worn-out tissue residents. Findings show that social capital has a positive effect on residents' participation in renovation projects. Social trust index; Sense of social cooperation; Social cohesion and introverted and extroverted social capital that became cognitive, communicative, and structural components; they had the greatest impact on the participation of residents in the reconstruction of worn-out tissue.

Old textures in most cities over time and due to new developments have lost their past function and are gradually disappearing and today are considered as the biggest problem and insecurity in cities. One of the tools of planning in the new world is to pay attention to the active and effective participation of people in society in all different dimensions of development. Participation seems to be a complex phenomenon that depends on a large number of social capital variables.
 Considering the physical size and large population in Golestan province, it is very important to pay attention to the situation of urban areas for better urban development planning. However, in the country, little effort has been made to study this issue from a sociological perspective in Golestan province and the cities of Gorgan and Gonbad. Based on this, it can be stated that social capital and its dimensions are effective on the level of social participation of urban actors in the reconstruction of worn-out tissue in Gorgan and Gonbad?

This paper uses the survey method in a quantitative methodological framework. The statistical population of the research is the scope of generalization of research results and findings, which includes all residents and owners of dilapidated urban fabric and around Gorgan and Gonbad to the number of 21456 thousand people. The unit of analysis is people over the age of 18 who are able to answer questions. The number of men is 11104 and the number of women is 10352. The sample size was estimated to be 382 using the Cochran's formula and an accuracy level of 0.055. Sampling method is a multi-stage cluster random method.

Findings show that social capital has a positive effect on residents' participation in renovation projects. Social trust index; Sense of social cooperation; Social cohesion and introverted and extroverted social capital that became cognitive, communicative, and structural components; they had the greatest impact on the participation of residents in the reconstruction of worn-out tissue.

The role of social capital in the renovation of dilapidated urban fabric is influenced by the recent perspective of urban development, which attaches great importance to people's participation in the renovation process. Undoubtedly, more attention of the managers of worn-out tissue renovation projects in Gorgan and Gonbad to social capital and strengthening the potential funds and relying on the actual funds of these capitals can give a participatory direction to the renovation program and thus facilitate ; Provide better acceleration and advancement of projects. Institutionalization and support of non-governmental organizations Importance to neighborhood councils, advisory working groups; fulfilling the promise of the officials and fulfilling the promised obligations are other things that are effective in the success of the worn-out tissue renovation program in Gorgan and Gonbad.