نشریه علوم و فنون زنبور عسل ایران
پیاپی 28 (بهار و تابستان 1403)

Antioxidants, which are among the most active bioactive compounds in honey, play an important role in protecting living organisms against oxidative damage and prevent the occurrence of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Honey has a variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, including glucose oxidase, catalase, L-ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotonoids and organic acids, amino acids and proteins. The antioxidant activity of honey is mainly due to the presence of valuable phenolic and flavonoid compounds in it, which inhibit free radicals produced in the oxidative reactions with various mechanisms. The amount of these compounds is influenced by various factors such as plant origin, season and environmental factors. Meanwhile, the herbal origin of honey has the greatest effect on its antioxidant activity. The use of honey to treat diseases has had a special place in medical science for a long time. Therefore, in this paper, the antioxidant properties of honey, its therapeutic and health-giving properties, especially in breast cancer is reviewed.

Probiotic bacteria are becoming increasingly important in the content of human nutrition. Nowadays, probiotics are being increasingly promoted worldwide, with suggestions that probiotics can play an important role in immunological, digestive, and respiratory functions and could have a significant effect in alleviating infectious disease. Lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria are the most common types of microbes used as probiotics. Honey and bee products have been used in healing for centuries. Unfortunately, information about probiotics bacteria in local honeybee is not currently available and scant. Thus, the aim of this study was to isolate and identify the predominant Lactobacillus as probiotic from the honey stomach of Apis florea in the Iran. Samples of honeybee were collected from Apis florea colonies from Iran. Samples were preserved in fridge till test starts. Lactobacillus bacteria are isolated from honey stomach using MRS broth and agar medium. The isolates were Gram-stained and tested for Catalase reaction. Then DNA extracted of bacterial colonies amplified with PCR using lactobacilli primers. After sequencing, all bacterial gene identified by using Blast software.DNA from all lactobacillus in the honey were exhibited to be catalase negative, gram positive and the other with catalase positive and gram negative were eliminated.6 new strain/ species of Lactobacillus bacteria were identified from honey stomach in different colonies of A. florea and almost 28.4% of them identified as new species and candidate to register in NCBI.Most of them are Lactobacillus kunkeei. Lactobacillus in the honey stomach may have the potential to promote human performance and health.

this study aims to investigate the acaricidal and insecticidal activities of different concentrations of Hengwan plant extract on Varroa mite and its host in the honey bee colonies during 2021 to 2023 . Hengwan plant was collected in May 2021 from different regions of Kurdistan province in the flowering stage, identified and then extracted. The present study was performed based on a completely randomized design with six experimental treatments (treatments include concentrations of 20, 35 and 50% of Hengwan extract, one 2.3% oxalic acid treatment and two control treatments (positive and negative) and seven replications. In general, the results of this study showed that all different concentrations of Hengwan extract had favorable acaricidal activities compared to the negative control treatment. Based on the results, the concentration of 50% of the extract of this plant showed the most significant effect on the percentage of Varroa mite mortality in the studied bee colonies compared to the negative control treatment and other different concentrations of the extract of this plant (P<0.01). Also, its difference was not significant in terms of mite mortality percentage compared to oxalic acid treatment. According to the results, the percentage of bee’s mortality was not more than seven percent in any of the experimental treatments except for the oxalic acid treatment. Therefore, it is possible to recommend the concentration of 50% of Hengwan extract as a suitable alternative to synthetic acaricides for controlling Varroa mites in honey bee colonies due to its favorable acaricidal activities and safe for bees.

Numerous studies have highlighted the positive impact of plant-based foods on human health, which can be attributed to the biological activity of plant secondary metabolites like simple phenols and flavonoids. Recently, it has been discovered that plant miRNAs have the ability to regulate the expression of mammalian genes influenced by diet. A significant breakthrough in this area is the identification of rice miRNAs in the blood and tissues of mammals that consume rice, which control genes associated with cholesterol metabolism. Given the evidence of plant-derived miRNAs in honey, it is suggested that the regulatory function of these molecules in human blood or tissues be independently investigated in laboratory studies to reveal their true role in gene expression. By conducting these laboratory investigations, a new aspect of the relationship between the nutritional and especially medicinal properties of honey with its plant-derived miRNA content can be elucidated, taking an effective step towards unraveling this valuable substance.

Food value and potential of honey bee larva and pupa (Apis Mellifera L) AbstractThe results of scientific research showed that honey bee larvae and pupae are rich in protein (including essential amino acids), fat (saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids), carbohydrates, vitamin C and B complex vitamins and minerals such as potassium, magnesium, calcium and It is phosphorus. The results further show some changes according to the growth stage, with an increase in fat and protein content and a decrease in carbohydrates from larval to pupal stages. The production of honey bee generation in the hive as well as its removal can affect the health of the hive. This limits the potential of producing babies for edible purposes. Consumption and purchase of honey bee babies as food may be accessible in specialized markets where, for example, ethnic communities consume this type of food. However, in some markets, insects or products produced from insects are not easily accepted due to fear and disgust. The role of culinary chefs dependent on traditional methods of preparing culinary foods that include honey bee babies is relevant in motivating people in human societies to consume these types of food products.

The mites of the genus Tropilaelaps are parasites of honey bee brood. Their Feeding on haemolynph of bee larvae and pupae causes brood malformation, death of bees, and subsequent colony decline or absconding. Their development takes about 1 week and the mites are scattered on the body of the bees. There are at least four species in the genus Tropilaelaps, Each species tends to be associated with a particular bee species. Two species (T. clareae and T. mercedesae) are damaging pests of Apis mellifera. The other two species (T. koenigerum and T. thaii) appear to be harmless to A. mellifera.In this article, an attempt has been made to carefully review the Tropilaelaps mite as a newly emerging parasite from various aspects including the characteristics of the parasite, its life cycle, distribution in the world, methods of diagnosis, treatment, and its potential in the country. It is hoped that by paying special attention to this pest, the entry and spread of this parasite in the country will be prevented and a step forward will be taken toward to progress of beekeeping in the country.