مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
پیاپی 3 (تابستان 1381)

This experiment was planned to investigate the nature of α and β adrenoceptor in blood vessels supplying the posterior capsule of the acutely inflamed rabbit knee joint, and results were compared to findings from previous experiments on the normal joint, to assess any alteration which may occur in the adrenoceptor profile due to the inflammation process. This study was conducted with 30 white New Zealandian rabbits under pentobarbital induced general anesthesia. They were divided into two α and β groups. Blood flow of posterior articular nerve of knees was measured by laser flowmeter. α and β agonist drugs were injected intra-arterial in the presence and absence of their antagonists. Acute inflammation was induced by intra-articular Carrageenan. Posterior articular nerve was stimulated by nerve stimulator. Electrical stimulation of the posterior articular nerve resulted in vasoconstriction which was reversed to vasodilatation by phentolamine and yohimbine. The dose – response curves intra-arterial injection of α adrenoceptor agonists showed a rank-order potency of: adrenaline= phenylephrine= clonidine. The adrenaline dose-response curve was shifted to the right by administration of antagonists with a rank-order potency of: phentolamine= yohimbine= prazosin. At this stage of the experiment there was an equal response of α1-and α2- adrenoceptors in blood vessels of the acutely inflamed rabbit knee joint. In other two groups of animals the neurally mediated vasodilatation, (which appeared after administration of phentolamine), was completely blocked by propranolol, and was reduced to about 50% by atenolol. The dose-response curves in intra –arterial injection of β adrenoceptor agonists showed a rank-order potency of: isoprenaline> salbutamol = dobutamine. The isoprenaline dose- response curve was shifted to the right by administration of antagonists with a rank-order potency of: propranolol> atenolol. This experiment also showed an almost equal response of β1-and β 2- adrenoceptors in blood vessels of the acutely inflamed rabbit knee joint. Overall, compared to previous experiments on the normal joint in which α1-and β1- adrenoceptor responses predominated, acute inflammation resulted in a shift from α2-towards α1- and from β1-towards β 2- adrenoceptors responses. Generally in comparison to previ o us experiments on the normal joint in which α 1 and β 1 receptor responses predominated, acute inflammation resulted in a shift from α 2 towards α 1 and β 1 towards β 2 – receptor responses.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the world. Today in Iran depression constitutes 35-45% of psychaitric disorders which unfortunately, this rate is increasing. Therefore new methods for treatment and prophylaxis must be suggested. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of movement therapy on this burden in elderly women, convened at Mashhad, Toos elderly center. This study was a semi-experimental research. The sample size consisted of 30 women 60-74 years old. These individuals accomplished movment therapy program 30 sessions for 30-45 minutes every day in presence of the researchers. The depression score was measured by Beck test, and demographic data was collected by questionnaire. The depression score of samples was measured before and after the movement therapy program. The mean of the depression score was 20.87 before the movement therapy program and after the program it was decreased to 16.4. The results of this study showed that movement therapy program has decreased the depression score in the elderly women.

The situation of medicine and its inadequacy is the main problem of people. One of the important causes of drug insufficiency is unusuall consumption of drugs and irrational prescription. Therefore WHO has established guidelines to survey the consumption of medicine in this region. Following these guidelines we can compare the pattern of using drugs in different regions and different times. This study is planned to survey the indices mentioned above. This was a cross-sectional study that analysed the prescriptions in two steps (years 1374 and 1379), which were referred to Rafsanjan pharmacies. Totally, 2791 prescriptions were analysed in the year 1374 and 4104 in year 1379. In these prescriptions, the average of prescribed items, precentage of antibiotic, percentage of injectable drugs, and the percentage of drugs with generic names were evaluated. The average items prescribed by general physicians (GPS) and specialists were 4.26 and 3.2 respectively, in the year 1374 these items were 3.75 and 3.39 in the year 1379. There were significant differences between GPs’ prescriptions and specialists’. In the year 1374, 80.7% of GP’S and 14.9% of specialists’ prescriptions contained at least one injectable item. The precentage of prescriptions contained injectable drugs, in the year 1379 was 46% and 16.93% respectively. This item was significantly different between GPs’ and specialists, in both years. In 1374, from GPs’ and specialists’ prescriptions, the medicines that were written in generic names were 96.8% and 96.7% respectively, but in the year 1379 this index was 91.85% and 87.4% respectively. The drugs written in generic names were significantly fewer in 1379 compared to 1374. In 1374, 70.8% of GPs’ prescriptions and 22.2% of specialists’ contained at least one antibiotic item which this difference was also significant. The results of this evaluation showed that the prescribed indices in both steps by specialists were better than GPs’. Prescribed indices were improved in the year 1379 compare to 1374 but they were not changed by the specialists.

There is not any in vivo studies that shows inducing of euglycemia by vanadyl is independent from plasma insulin. Therefore in the present study we planned to investigate the antidiabetic effects of vanadyl in diabetic rats. Rats became severely diabetic by an IV injection of 50-55mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ), 15 days after the injection, the blood glucose of animals was more than 500mg/dl, with plasma insulin 14±3 μ u/ml that was 25% of normal rats, the daily water consumption also increased. Subsequently, the rats were divided into two groups, group I received 0.5-1 mg/ml Vanadyl sulphate in a base solution orally, and group II received base solution containing 50meq/l NaCl. Vanadyl therapy for 90 days did not change blood glucose in group I from (420±10 mg/dl) to normal levels, therefore euglycaemia was achieved for a period of two months by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of NPH insulin. The required daily doses of insulin in vanadyl-treated rats of group I (8±1 U/kg/day) were only 8 percent of those in group II animals (103±7 U/kg/day). It seems that vanadyl per se cannot induce normoglycaemia in diabetic rats with very low plasma insulin levels, but can augment the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin.

Coronary artery diseases (CAD) is the most common cause of death in the developing counteries. Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of CAD. A number of studies have shown that total leukocyte count is a risk factor for CAD but there is little information on the role of eosinophilia and allergy. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between eosinophilia and history of allergy with CAD. This case-control study was performed on 95 cases with known CAD and 95 age and sex matched controls. History of allergy was taken by physician. Blood samples were collected from all subjects early in the morning. The white blood cells(WBC), neutrophils and eosinophils count and eosinophil/leukocyte ratio were determined by the use of blood coulter and evaluation of the peripheral blood smear. Mean and standard error of means (SEM) of leukocyte count was 8802±253 and 9813±351 cell/mm3 in case and control groups respectively. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean and SEM of eosinophil count was 124.8±15.6 and 79.1±11.8 in case and control groups, this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Eosinophil to leukocyte ratio was 1.43 and 0.88 percent in case and control groups respectively. This diference was also statistically significant (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups for history of allergy. T here is a positive correlation between peripheral blood eosinophilia and CAD, therefore blood eosinophilia may predict higher rate of CAD.

C.V.A is an important health problem. Efforts to reduce the incidence of C.V.A are essential and such attempts should be based on the knowledge of risk factors. In this study C.V.A risk factors were evaluated. We used a case control method. The cases comprised of 146 patients admitted to stroke unit with acute stroke. The controls comprised of 147 participants free of stroke. Two groups were matched by sex, age and place of residence. Diagnosis of stroke was based on clinical findings and the results of MRI. The risk factors included high blood pressure, diabetes, history of cardiovascular diseases and smoking. The mean age of the study group was 63.8 years and the control group was 63.4. Mean of the risk factors in the study group was 2.3 ± 1.3 and in the control group was 1.3 ±1.2 which shows a significant difference between the two groups P<0.01. P revalence of risk factors such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation (AF), diabetes mellitus, smoking and coronary artery disease were significantly higher in the case group (P<0.05). In laboratory finding only fasting blood sugar was significantly higher in the case group (P<0.05). Control of C.V.A risk factors significantly reduce this fatal health problem. This study showed that the accidental risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabeties and cardiovascular diseases.

Bachground: Root canal sealer is a helpful material to increase the quality of root canal obturation. The aim of this study which has been carried out in vitro and by the use of dye penetration method was comparison between apical leakage of four root canal sealers. In this study, 140 anterior natural teeth having one canal each, were divided into 4 experimental groups and 2 positive and negative control groups. Each of the four mentioned groups were obturated with one of four sealers 1-AH26, 2-ZOE, 3- Apexit, 4-Dorifill and gutta percha with lateral condensation method. After decalcification procedures the teeth were put in india ink and centrifuged 3000 rpm for 15 minutes, and were left immersed in the dye for 72 hours. After longitudinally sectioning, the rate of dye penetration were studied by 3 dentists using double blind method, the results were analysed by Anova and t-test The mean leakage of groups were as follows: AH26:3.08mm, ZOE:3.25mm, Apexit: 3.82mm, Dorifill:3.86 mm. There was no remarkable statistical difference between AH26 and ZOE in leakage rate but the difference in the results between Dorifill and ZOE were considerable. The results showed that the Ah26 sealers are the best from the apical leakage stand point. It needs a clinical long term study on human or animal for futher confirmation.

Prenatal care plays an important role in the reduction of the maternal and infant mortality rates. This study was conducted in order to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of prenatal care among women in Rafsanjan. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was done in the year 2000. The KAP eas determined by interviewing 642 women during three months in six urban health centers. Findings of this study showed a high awareness level (70.9) with a high positive attiude (90.1%) and a high practice level (94.79%) of prenatal care among women. The relation between knowledge, attitude and practice was statistically significant (P<0.05). This study showed that women reffering to the health care centers had a high and positive attitude and knowledge about prenatal care, and are actively involved in their prenatal care.

Mental retardation is seen in 2-3 percent of population, and it is the major difficulty, for any family and any society. Families who take care of their mentally retarded children at home are faced with problems of forms and sizes. Identifying their difficulties and factors related to them, can be usefull for family support and guidance by supportive organizations. This survey has been carried out to determine the psycho - social problems of parents with mentally retarded children. This survey is a descriptive analytical study. In this survey with simple and longitudinal sampling of 60 parents, a 120 questionaries was given to them. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive and X2 statistics. The results showed that 58.3%�of mothers were above the suitable age for pregnancy. 53/3% of them had family marriage, and 51.7% had mental retardation history in their family. 56.7% of mothers had not any health care during their pregnancy, 38.3% of them had consumed drug without consultation with a physician, 76.7% of mothers had severe psychological problems and 61.7% had severe social problems. Whereas fathers had 55% and 38.3% moderate psychological and low social problems, respectively which is statistically significant (P< 0.05). There was a statistically significant relationship between child’s gender, parent’s social problems, and father’s occupation and their social problems. Also the education level of mothers had a significant relationship with their psycho- social problems (P< 0.05). The results showed that mothers with mentally retarded children have many psycho-social difficulties, and were suffering from more psycho- social problems compared with the fathers. So it is rcommended that these parents get under health risk group catogorization.