نشریه اقتصاد و جامعه
پیاپی 6 (زمستان 1384)

When increase in oil Revenue Causes the domestic absorbtion to exceed economic capacity, Inflationary Pressure would Occure. Economists would have their own reservations. The experience of Oil Producing Countries Show that a Sudden Increase in Revenues From Oil Exports Would Disturb their economies. There fore Some of these Countries designed a Schemes entitles exchange Reserve Fund to Untitlise Oilrevenues appropriately. In this Paper We Try to analyse Pecularities of Iran’s Exchange Reserve Fund

The Purpose of this Paper is to find answer to this question that whether Social Capital have any relevance in development theory. In order to find answer We have used the Logical fundation of Pluralism methodology and followed Quantomic approach at mota theoristic level and emphasizing on historical School Methodology. We have followed deductive approach for testing Our hypothesis. Suitalole level of abstraction is Used as Connecting bridge of Preliminaries which is the Central Idea of this Methodological approach.Looking in this way Social Capital has Its Own Paradoxes. Since It Contain Multi drmentional Concepts, from epislomoligical Positivistic Pluralism Point of view its methodology in not testable. However, if crookedness of Conceptology of this term for stages theory making is removed than, Social capital at the Stage of para Industrial capitalism in Frame of Mutual relation network Produces economies of network and lead to mutual interaction that becomes an Important Issue.

Economic adjustment Policies have been Propounded by and supportes by international Monetary institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, To be followed by developing Countries. However, these Policies have been Criticized by many economic thinkers and Policy makers as being Unsuitable to circumstances of developing Countries. Joseph Stiglitz the Noble Prize winner and Senvor ex-econ omist of World Bank is one of the leading opponent of adjustment Policies. In This Paper We Try To evaluate these Policies Critically emphasizing on the argument put forward by Joseph stiglitz

The Purpose of this Paper is to Study the administrative barrier to Economic Development of Iran. While Comparing Investment and Business Climate of Iran with Other Countries, Unfavourable Position of Iran are analysed and the role of government is exvernment intervened where it should not and alostained when Its intervention was actually required. The main reason for this discrepancy is absence of prerogatives, Judicial and Legal institutions and Lack of Transparency and accountability on the Part of authorities.

There has been a comprehensive change in the Concepts and role of budgeting in Public administration in recent decades. In Iran, However, The Organization and Management of budget Preparation are done on Traditional ways and Methods and Faces the Old Constraints. There is a high differences of Orinion among experts regarding the exchange of Current budget agreement of plan and Budget organization. As a result budget Preparation is highly restricted Tu a close circle of authorities. In this regards It Lacks transparency and hence have ambiguity in Content. This Paper Tries to show how the Process of budgeting is old Fashional and ambiguous in Content

Operating Budget shows the relation between the amount allocated and the Performance result of activities. It is expected that for any amount of expenditure in every plan some goals are to be ful filled. However, to achieve the plan objectives there should be a balance between human behaviour and Financial resources. If such a Transparent System Prevail then the relation between area of government expenditure and result obtained would be Clear and known to public, managers and Supervising authorities. However, budgetary Process as Practiced in Iran Provide no Information regarding result of expenditure, Performance and effectiveness of Funds allocated to different Sectors during the Plan Period. This way of Planning is mainly short sighted and limit the Power of management in Controlling expenditure and Supervising Projects. At seems that Operating budget is Introduced to end Such Problems. In this paper we Try to see Operating budget in the Context of these problems

Goverments as Custodian of Interest of Intergenerations, As a big enter prenuer in economic activities, sellected by mayority of Population Play a Very Important Role. In this Framework budget is Very Important Instrument for the government to discharge its duties. The Experience Shows that the less Integrated and the weak apparatus of government, the lesser would be their Cohesive Power and Credit to manage the budgetary Process and balance the Pressune of Interest groups. In this Paper while analyzing the role of government in preparing budget We Try to Examine the difficulties and problems of this Financial document for 1385.

In economics, annual budget documents is to allocate financial resources among different Sectors. In less developed Countries Budgetary Pressure by Interest groups and Political Parties is Very significant in allocating budget resources. This bargaining Power of Interest groups and Political Parties Occupy and Important Place in Institutional economics where It is believed that such a bargaining Position Play a determinant role in economic Planning. In this paper we try to analysis the budgetary Process of Iran from Political economic aspects taking into Consideration the budget of the year 1385.