فصلنامه علوم حدیث
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 44، تابستان 1386)

It is related from the Holy Prophet, peace be upon him: "Happy People are born in Happiness and the Unhappy are Born in Unhappiness" (to be translated literally: "Happy is happy whilst he/she is in his/her mother's womb and …") Pointing to the sources of this hadith and its reliability, the author of the present paper analyzes the above mentioned hadith and provides four meanings for it and at the end chooses the first meaning.

Although narrative exegesis is one of the most profitable method of exegesis and plays a unique role in this regard, since it is not an easy task to separate reliable and sound hadith from unreliable and fabricated one, its use may lead to views which are contrary to the spirit and intend of the Quran. The writer of the present paper tries to demonstrate the strong points and necessities of this kind of tafsir in Fi Zilal al-Quran which is regarded as the greatest tafsir among the contemporary tafsirs.

The science of history, among the Arabs in the age of ignorance, had been muddled up with myth and superstition. This principle of human knowledge was centered around the character of the holy Prophet, peace be upon him in early stages of Islamic development and gradually turned into an independent science with different structures and categories. At the beginning, hadith was considered as part of history and narrated in the same way. For this reason some hadith collections have reported events of the early Islam, especially personality and biography of the holy Prophet, peace be upon him, along with fiqhi (jurisprudential) and tafsiri (exegetical) hadiths. Without doubt, Islamic historiography is indebted to hadith in its origin. Therefore there is a profound relationship between them. Of course, hadith has made advantage of this relationship. Historical knowledge has been of high importance in evaluating the strength and weakness points of hadith reporters (which is the base of Rijal science) and also in explaining, understanding and analyzing hadith texts and sources. After explaining the concept of hadith and history, the author of the present paper deals with the origin and development of Islamic historiography and then clarifies the existing relationship between them their interactions.

The existing hadiths concerning Darb al-Quran bl Quran is one of the reasons of opponents to this method. In their view, these hadiths demonstrates that this method is not an appropriate way of understanding the true meaning of the verses of the Quran and it will create some serious problems and contradiction in the field of the Quranic exegesis and perhaps following the method used by other celestial faiths will lead to the isolation of the verses of the Quran in our life.Gathering hadiths concerning Darb al-Quran bl Quran in the Shiite and Sunni hadith sources, the author of this paper tries to view these hadiths from document and hadith scholarship perspectives. By explaining about the difference between the commentary on the Quran with the aid of the Quran and the issue of Darb al-Quran bl Quran tries to provide a better understanding of hadiths concerning Darb al-Quran bl Quran.

There are many discussions about the exegetical methods and some writings are found which are concerned with narrative exegesis and exegetical methods used by the Infallible Imams, peace be upon them, with the aim of comparing their sayings with one of the existing exegetical methods. But little attention has been paid to the tafsir sample. In addition to comparing some existing samples in Nahj al-Balagha with exegetical methods, the author of the present article tries to study the exegetical sample independently. This article deals with seven exegetical samples in the light of four important exegetical methods. Every part of this article contains an exegetical method along with its explanation.

The issue of collecting and compiling the holy Quran and analyzing related hadiths is one of the most important issues in the field of the Quranic sciences. In addition to its importance, Islamic scholars have discussed on this issue in view of the fact that they attribute the virtue of collecting the Quran to a special caliph. But Western scholars have had other motivations for studying on this issue. Orientalists have always compared the different aspects of the holy Quran with the Bible and tried to find a Jewish Origin for the Quran and its concepts. On the other hand, it is seen that they have attributed the disputes concerning the history of compiling the Book to history of the collection of the Quran. After Noldeke, German scholars who has already accepted the Muslims views concerning the collection of the Quran, other Orientalists tried to reject the views of Muslims in this regard. Utilizing old and new sources and by using modern research methods in studying history, Herald Motzki, the author of the present paper, has investigated all hadiths concerning the collection of the Quran and by means of a joint analytical method of documents and texts proves that previous studies of Orientalists are not reliable because of both presuppositions and methodologies. After analyzing the views of Western scholars he concludes that Muslim's studies are more reliable and useful than Western studies.

Interaction between hadith schools is an issue of high importance in development of hadith scholarship. Sometimes this interaction becomes so profound that its deep effects are obvious in hadith approaches and views. Among hadith schools, two schools of Baghdad and Ray play an important role in strengthening Shiite hadith. Illustrating the extent of this interaction will help hadith scholars view it from different perspectives and get hold of new views. In order to achieve this goal, we try to investigate the rijal interaction of these two hadith schools.

Since Shiite hadith is found more in books and collections and less in oral narrations it can be said that there is an inseparable link between hadith books and establishment of the early hadith schools, in different regions of the Shiite World. Shiite scholars tried to bring the hadith books written by great traditionists from learning place into their hometown by their permission and license. The writers of this paper try to view the existing biographies in Shaykh Toosi's al-Fihrist and Najashi's Rijal and analyze its chain of documents, then come up with the written heritage of important cities dwelled by the Shiite and finally the process of formation of some great schools such as Qum, Baghdad, and Khorasan is put on view.

To be assured of hadith issuance from the Infallible Imams, peace be upon them it is necessary to know the judgment of reporters in the chain of documents. Viewing hadith from issuance perspective, every error in the chain of documents may distort the reliability of hadith. To remove the probable errors from the chain of documents of some hadiths, the author of the present paper only deals with misrepresentation in them and classifies the resulted outcomes in two categories: resolutions and reasons.

Shiite and Sunni Scholars have presented different criteria in the field of hadith scholarship and according to these criteria scrutinized fabricated hadith from other ones. Ibn Juzi believes that his definition of fabricated hadith is based on correct criteria of hadith evaluation. But it is found that he has made some mistakes in his method of hadith texts and documents analysis and his choice of fabricated hadiths. In the light of Ibn Juzi's personality and believes, the root of these mistakes are verified.