فصلنامه رشد فناوری
پیاپی 11 (تابستان 1386)

There is a great and considerable distance between today’s china and the past china. From the first of 1978 up to now, the promotion of economic reform, and sustainable open door policies, was the main movement of changes in the china’s economy structure. Based on the government strategies, the Chinese economy had a good and controlled acceleration and improvement. After two decades of reform, in spite of important plans and policies in developing private sector, there is still some monopoly applied by the commonest party, and the education, Research and development plans still are under government control. China government has succeeded in absorbing huge amount of investment with the help of high technologies, foreign management, adjusting laws and regulations, applying incentive policies, using know-how and offering special facilities. From a pragmatic point of view, to achieve these goals in china, some projects and plans has been done such as special economic zones, developing science and technology parks and special training and research projects. In this paper we investigate the fact that how can we customize these experiences and ideas in economic development in Iran.

This article seeks to browse among history, role, significance as well as economic function of venture capitals. To this end, it is endeavored to consider venture capital concept with a comprehensive and full detail view. Therefore, in order to clarify the concept of venture capitals, we have assumed a lot of related key words. Yet, due to abundance of related key words and based on this fact that many of them have convergence with each other, therefore, an objective of this paper is to elaborate the mentioned terms. It is worth mentioning that necessity, significance and the role of such investments in economy and especially in investment scopes, have also been surveyed in this article. As a matter of fact, entrepreneurs are one of the main elements of every venture capital; therefore, we have tried to give enough information about their roles in this regard. Anyhow, this article plans to provide a proposed structure for carrying out venture capitals by investment companies, which is applicable domestically. For this reason, we have provided related records of global venture capital companies along with domestic ones. Based on previous propounded subjects, final part of the article is allocated to introduction of a feasible proposed structure for carrying out venture capitalism by investment companies. According to the accomplished studies, all of domestic venture capital companies have been established by the government, which their number does not exceed the fingers of a hand. Thus, shortage of these companies is obviously felt in domestic financial market and as before mentioned; lack of a feasible structure to do such investments is a main reason for this vacancy.

Change and transition is one of the challenges of 21st century. Countries have faced with unanticipated situations because of developing the increasing range of changes so they can not guarantee their survival with small change in manner, structure, technology and so on. Organizations should start a revolution in their managements and employees mind until the concepts of organization, work and competition basically change in their mind. In this situation we need entrepreneurs that can blow fresh blood in the economic state body through creativity, innovation, stability and self confidence and pacing effective step for solving employment crisis. It is obvious that entrepreneurial university is one of the strategic and key tools for this matter in the higher education level. Entrepreneurship University has made diversity mechanisms such as business incubators, science and technology parks, and entrepreneurship centers and so on for fulfilling their goals. The task of business incubators is to support the university graduates and young entrepreneurs that familiar with new technologies and owning creativity but they are often idle because founding a business by them is not possible without entering a high risk of failure. Business Incubators help these entrepreneurs to pass the primary growth stages and when they acquire the capabilities for activity in market they can leave/graduate the incubator. The concept of business incubator have been reviewed, analysis and habited in our country for some years. The object of this paper is to review the place of university incubators in developing employment and technology transfer. At first we pay attention to relations between the university, incubator and industry. Then we review the role of them in developing and transferring technology and finally we show a conceptual model for University Incubators

Nano Technology is known as one of the origins of the technological changes and industrial revolution in recent years. Because of this fact, many countries have started to enable themselves in this field of technology. In 1980s, this technology got involved in industry and has been assigned a lot of research budgets by itself. Now this technology is in the primary stages of growth and it would be impossible to predict it is trends precisely. But no one can be inattentive to its evolution in our country. In this paper we have considered the necessity of Nanotechnology development in the country and three factors have been identified; the first factor is the economic opportunities, the second one deals with commercialization polices, and the third one is intellectual property rights.

Knowledge Management is somehow the corporation hidden assets. This process includes creation, achievement, storing, and distribution, sharing and finally applying the knowledge. Nowadays, in the rapid international market, the success will be not achieved by traditional work force, investment and the land, but it will stem from work forces ideas means knowledge - the vital new source. In this paper, by a case study, we try to find out right answers to these questions; whether establishing knowledge management is always successful and what are the main causes of failing knowledge management in corporations?

This paper focuses on the important issues of the Intellectual Capital, which plays crucial role on the predisposition and establishment of the societies and organizations based on the knowledge and at the same time it considered as the product of the society and Knowledge base organizations. This capital or asset is under consideration at the society level, government, industry and university alike, and their integration constitute the country’s Intangible or Intellectual Assets. In this paper, considering the key role of the University on establishing society or organization based on the knowledge, the technology of establishing and evaluating this kind of the capital will be investigated in the University. The paper also introduces some of the peculiarities of the Knowledge Society and characteristics of Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital.