فصلنامه پازند
پیاپی 11 (زمستان 1386)

The present study introduces what is called grammatical semantics. In grammatical semantics, linguistic meaning is represented in two levels, one consisting of those meanings which interact with the grammatical system, the other expressing the additional meaning contrast between linguistic forms. The distinct levels are tried to be shown in lexical meaning as well as sentence meaning. It seems that grammatical semantics can play an important role in providing a more comprehensive linguistic analysis.

The study of some words in Saravi variety of Mazandarani dialect and their comparison with Persian equivalent reveals that there is alternation between /v/ and /b/. The main goal of this research is the study of this alternation and to find the substructure of that. This article is a Field work in which a list of current words was firstly prepared, Then their exact pronunciation according to the native speaker’s speech was recorded, the words were transcribed phonologically and compared with its standard and also pahlavi counterparts. The main conclusion resulted from this comparison reveals that glide /w/ is the underlying form and it has changed to the phoneme /v/and/b/ by fortition.

Natural morphology is one of the natural linguistic approaches.Naturalness is one of the key concepts in this field which does not amount to repetition or simplicity. It is a basic principle in linguistic approaches and is based on empirical evidences.Naturalists believed that a morphological process or construction is natural when having a wide distribution or being acquired sooner in the language learning process or showing resistance to language change or being the latest element forgotten in language aphasia. Naturalness of process and construction is in opposite relation with markedness i.e. the more unmarked is the morphological process, the less natural it is and vice versa. In this paper the structure of compound nouns,adjectives and verbs have been examined based on criteria of natural morphology. The paper has two main sections including:compounding process in Persian and the study of compound nouns, adjectives and verbs based on natural morphology.

The present research is aimed to provide a general introduction to Optimality Theoretic (OT) framework, and reviews the main assumptions of OT, together with its evaluation of linguistic structures by the use of so-called Tableaus. In general the paper introduces OT as a Meta theory which focuses on the comparison of competing candidate analyses that makes it compatible with linguistic representations from various frameworks.The data is then followed by an illustrative example of an analysis in OT syntax, taken from Grimshaw’s (1997) account of inversion in English, which is set in the style of Governmentand-Binding Theory (GB).

Analyzing genre means investigating instances of conventionalised or institutionalised textual artifact in the context of specific institutional and disciplinary practices, procedures and cultures in order to understand how members of specific discourse communities construct,interpret and use these genres to achieve their community goals and why they write the way they do. The genre of application letters written by English natives have been studied (Bhatia, 1993) and some ‘moves’ have been identified. The purpose of the present study was to do a similar investigation on the same genre written by Iranian applicants and to explore and trace any possible similarities and differences in terms of the moves applied. In so doing, twenty seven unsolicited application letters were randomly selected. Data analyses revealed that although Iranian applicants do follow regular,conventionalised and institutionally-encouraged patterns similar to English natives’; they also differ in some other respects. Crosscultural and institutional differences are referred to provide possible explanations for points of departure.