Acta Medica Iranica
Volume:38 Issue: 1, Jan-Feb 2000

Abstract: We have studied the ulcerogenic effect of indomethacin in stretozocin. Induced diabetic rats. Streptozocin (65 mg kg-1) was injected intraperitoneally to male wistar rats. The blood glucose concentration was determined continuously. Blood glucose level increased significantly (P<0.001) after 30 days. Gastric erosions were induced by intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin (50 mg kg-1) in fasted animals. A significant (P<0.001) increase in ulcer index was found in diabetic rats

Abstract: Although measurement of intracranial pressure by noninvasive methods has been suggested, but mainly invasive methods are used for this purpose-Increase in episcleral venous pressure can be expected to result in a linear increase in intraocular pressure. Congested oculat veins with capillary leakage and hemorrhage are seen when the ICP is increased, thus theoretically measurement of intraocular pressure can be a procedure for estimation of the ICP. This study was performed to find whether there is andy relationship between intraocular pressure and ICP, so we used 12 albino rabbits in two divided groups. Our study was not designed to elucidate the mechanism of change but merely to record any changes observed. All measures except an increase in ICP were applied on the test group as well as on the control group. After general anesthesia with the combination of ketamin, rampune, and pentobarbital a burr hole was made in the lambda region of the skull and a cannula was placed in the subdural space. The ICP in the test group increased up to 15 mmHg and was constant throughout the experiment. Intraocular pressure was measured by Schiotz tonometers afte general anesthesia, after cannulation of the skull, and immediately after increasing the ICP which was repated in 15 minutes interval for 4 hours. There was no statistical difference between the two groups (P:0.997). results show that neither cannulation nor general anesthesia for 4 hours produce alteration in IOP in the control group nor increasing of the ICP to level of 15 mmHg produces any alteration in IOP on the test group.

Abstract: Thrombocytopenia has been reported as a complication of phototherapy. In this study the effect of conventional phototherapy on platelet count was studied in 101 newborns with indirect hyperbilirubinemia, out of whom 50 patients (49.5%) had decreased levels of platelets; 20 (19.8%) of the latter had a platelet count of below 100000/mm3. Decreased platelet count was maximum during the first 24 hours of phototherapy. Ultrviolet light may increase plateled turnover and injury during phototherapy by and unkown mechanism.

Abstract: The frequency of tinea pedis in patients with tinea cruris has not been elucidated. The main objective of this study is to define this frequency all patients referred to the Mycological Laboratory of Razi Hospital, Tehran, during a 3-month period in 1997, who had a positive KOH smear for dermatophyte in the groin area were included in the study. A culture from this site, and a smear and culture from the foot (regardless of the presence of any lesion), were performed. Sixty patients (46 males and 14 females) entered the study. Epidermophyton floccosum was the most frequent isolated fungus in tinea cruris. Four patients (6.4%) had concurrent tinea pedis proved by smear and culture; and the sole isolate form the foot, was Trichophyton mentagrophtes. In three of them, the corresponding dermatophyte in the groin was E. floccosum. In this study, the frequency of tinea pedis in patients with tinea cruris was low

Abstract: In this investigation wer studied the effect of dopaminergic system on the conflict behavior in rat, using vogel’s test. The related drugs were injected intraperitonealy (IP), and produced the following Diazepam at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg increased the lick –shock responses in the Vogel’s thest. Quinpirole (D2-Agnosit), at doses of 0.1 and 10 mg/kg, increased the confict responses, wheraes suplpirde (D2 Antagonist) did not affect them.Apomorphine (D1 and D2 agonist) had a biphasic effect on the conflict responses. This drug decreased the number of shoks at low dose (0.01 mg/kg) while increased them at high dose (1 mg/kg). Haloperidol at dose of 1 mg/kg reduced the conflit responses significantly. Administration of both sulpiride (30 mg/kg) and quinpirole (10 mg/kg) together, increase the confict responses.These results suggest that D2-receptor agonist drugs may exert anixolytic and D2-receptor antagonists may produce anxiogenic effects in rat.

Abstract: Ohtahara syndrome or ealy infantile epileptic encephalopathy is a rare cause of epileptic seizures during infancy and represents the earliest type of age related symptomatic generalized epilepsies. The main etiologic factor associated with ohtahara syndrome is cerebran dysgenesis. This case was the product of in vitro fertilization (IVF) after 18 years of infertility. Neuroimaging findings consisted of diffuse white matter abnormalities, cortical atrophy and hemimegalencephaly. There is a previous report of this syndrome from Canada that was conceived throught IVF. A relation between IVF and the occurrence of Ohtahara synforme needs further observations.

Abstract: The purpose of the this study was to investigate the effect of direct current on montoneuron reflex exitability. Thirty six subjects (18 males, 18 females) 19.36 years of age (x= 24.06, SD= 3.63) participated in this study. The reflex excitability of soleus motoneruons was assessed by measuring the amount of change in the peak to peak ampitude of the H-reflex before and after direct current was applied to the skin over the sural nerve. Reflex recordings were taken before and after direct current was applied. Direct current was administered for 5 minutes at an intensity no greater than 4 m A.A complete randomized block with one sample in each block was used. Paired t-test with Scheffe correction for multiple comparisons were used.A significant in H-refelx amplitude was demonstrated for 5 minutes at an intensity no greate than 4 m A. a complete randomized block with one sample in each block was used. Paired t-test with Scheffe correction for multiple comparisons were use.A significant in H-reflex amplitude was demonstrated for all post baseline measurements when compared to baseline. These results suggest that direct current has a facilitatory effect on motoneuron reflex excitability. In addition, motoneuron reflex excitability remained increased for 10 minutes after stimulus had been turned off

Abstract: Tyrosinase has been recognized as a major autoantign in human vitiligo. Here we have shown that experimental autoimmune vitiligo can be induced by intradermal injection of mushroom tyrosinase emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant in C57BL/6 mice. The onse of vitiligo was characterized by hair hypopigmentation and total melanocyte depletion in the basal layer of the epidermis. Our results confirm that tyrosinase is the causative autoantigen in the genesis of autoimmune vitiligo.

Abstract: This study was conducted to define the prevalence and types of corneal astigmatism in relation with corneal optical power, axial length, sex and patient age. 641 cataract patients were included in a descriptive study. Complete eye examinations were included in a descriptive study. Complete eye examinations were performed. The data were analysed by standard procedures including analysis of variance, chi square test and multiple linear regression models. With the rule, astigmatism was 55.6% in younger cases and against the rule astigmatism was 55.6% in younger cases and against the rule astigmatism was 43.7% in older cases (P<0.0001). Against the rule astigmatism was 55.8% in older males and 34.6% in older females (P<0.0001).There was 0.023d decrease in kpol for each year increase in age 1 (P<0.0001). Axial length in males was 23.35±1.79 mm (P<0.05) for second degree model to show relationship between astigmatism and axial length R2 was 0.019 and 0.03 by increasing axial length up to 26 mm corneal power decreased, but further increase in axial length led to corneal power increase. For each diopter increase in corneal power there was 0.1 diopetr increase in net astigmatism (P<0.0001). In corneal powers less than 45.5 diopter there was no difference between direction of astigmatism, but in corneal powers more than 45.5 diopter with the rule astigmatism was dominated (P=0.01). younger cases had more with the rule astigmatism andolder cases had more against the rule astigmatism. Against the rule astigmatism was more common in older males than in older females. With the rule astigmatism ratio shifted to ATR astigmastism ratio with age but there was no change in against the rule astigmatism ratio with age. Males had 0.22 mm axial length more than females. There was significant relationship between axial length and net astigmatism. Abnormal size eyes had more astigmatism.Emmetropization mechanism of cornea did not work for eyes longer than 26 mm. Myopia was related to total astigmatism.Second degree model was more fitted to show relationship between astigmatism and axial length.

Abstract: Arterial blood gas parameters were analyzed in forty-nine healthy persons (31 males, 18 females) to detemine reference values fo these parameters and their relation to the time from last food intake to arterial puncture (T). The mean ± standard deviation of arterial oxygen pressure, arterial carbon dioxide pressure and pH at core body temperature were 84.4±7.0 mmHg (Male: 83.0±6.5, Female: 86.7±73), 37.7±2.8 mmHg (Male: 38.5±2.7, Female: 36.2±2.4) respectively 7.41±0.02 (Male: 7.41±0.02 Female: 7.42±0.03). the mean PCO2 was lower in comparison with most of the studies at sea level. The difference between males and females was significant in PCO2 and PH (P=0.004, P=0.02 respectively) but in was not significant in PO2 (P=0.07). The PCO2 and pH had no statistically significant relatioship with age (P=0.42, P=0.25 respectively). The relationship between Po2 with age, PCO2 and T was significant (P=0.02, P=0.017, and P=0.019 respectively). The best linear predictive equation was: Po2= 1.28 AO2-29.4 for T<10hours Þ AO2 =0.21 (Baro.47) –(1+0.02T) PCO2 for T >10hours Þ AO2 = 0.21(Baro-47) – (1.2PCO2

Abstract: Vulvar necrotizing fascitis is an uncommon infectious disorder. Since the first reported cases almost 100 years, ago, necrotizing fasciitis continues to present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. What usually begins as a subtle infection can become life-threatening. We report two cases of vulvar necrotizing fasciitis, one after posterior colporrhaphy in a woman with four risk factors and the other in a young woman without any risk factor.

 This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of administering oral acyclovir in conjunction with topical acyclovir and steroids in the treatment of necrotizing herpetic keratouveitis. All patients with necrotizing herpetic keratouveits who have been consulted during 1996-1997 at the farbi Eye Hospital were studied. the patients were randomly assigned to two groups. In the first group, topical acyclovir ointment and topical steroids were administered, while the second group took oral acyclovir, 1600 mg in four divided does in addition to the above mentioned treatment. The patients undervent follow-up examination every three days in the first three weeks and therafter periodically for one year.After three weeks, 92% and 88% improvement was observed in the first and second groups, respectively. The observed difference was not statistically significant. Making nonpharmacologic interventions such as application of soft contact lenses, corneal grafts, and conjunctival flaps were inevitable in some cases in both groups. Secondary infection was observed in three patients (first grop) and two patients (2 and group).The sample size was not large enough to draw a definite statistical conclusion, but it seems that the addition of oral acyclovir has no added effect in the treatment of necrotizing herpetic keratouveitis than topical acyclovir and steroids. In this study, the males were affected more frequently than females.

Abstract: 140 hypernatermic dehydrated infants aged 2-24 months, were hospitalized during at 21 month period. They were treated with oral electrolyte solutions A and B in which the concentration of sodium and potassium was equal (50 mmol/L sodium and 30 mmol/L potassium) but he sodium bicarbonate content differed. The serum sodium concentration returned to normal 48 hours after treatment. Seven cases became hypernatermic and in two cases hyponatermia became symptomatic on admission, 8 cases were hypokalemia, that were corrected 12 hours after treatment. Convulsions occurred in 18 patients (12.8%). Serum bicabonate concentrations, 12 and 48 hours after treatment were not significantly different in those who revived solution A and B (contatining 30 mmol/L and 40 mmol/L respectively). Oral rehydration solution consumed in 72 cases was incorrectly prepared in 29 cases (40.27%). No mortality was recorded. Mean increase in weight was 4.5%, 48 hours after admission and duration of hospitalization was 5.6days.Hydration, hypernatermia, hypokalemia hyponatermia, acidosis and improvement in general condition all occurred in a period of 48 hours

Abstract: Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal corcinoma is frequently misdiagnosed as large cell malignant lymphoma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic role of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy in this tumor. 81 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were studied. Patients ranged from 9-90 years in age (mean: 48.5 years). The age incidence curve was bimodal with two peaks in 2-3 and 5-6 upper cervical mass was the first manifestation of the tumor in the majority (87.6%) of cases. Microscopically most o tumors were undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Who type III. Differentiation between undifferentiated nasopharygeal carcinoma and malignant lymphoma, large cases cell type was not possible in 12. Ten of these cases were chosen for immunohistochemical and electron microscopy studies.In our cases cytoplasmic reactivity for cytokeratin and/or epithelial membrane antigen was persent. These tumors possessed desmosomes and tonofilaments in eletron microscopy.While in malignant lymphoma (three cases) tumor cells had leukocytic common antigen remaining. They were discohesive and had irregular nuclei. In the cases, the studies were inconclusive

Abstract: Computer model of the patellofemoral joint was developed and the effects on the anterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity were investigated. The input geometrical and verification data for the model were obtained form an experimental study on a cadaver knee, mounted in an instron machine. The computer program found the configuration of the patellofemoral joint which satified both the geometrical and force equilibrium conditions, simultaneously, using a trial graphical approach.verification of the model was achieved by determining the patellar sagittal plane motion and patellofemoral contact locations and comparing the results with the experimental results of the same specimen and published data. Simulation of the anterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity by the model showed that the location of contact area migrates distally on the femur and proximally on the patella following operation. The contact force of the patellofemoral joint decreased significantly by 70% at full extension, 30% at 30 degrees flexion and around 15% at higher flexion angles for a 1 cm anterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity and nearly doubled for a 2cm anterior displacement. The change of the effective moment are of the quadriceps was not considerable. The results suggest that the major effect of the Maquet operation on the contact force appears in extension and mid-flexion rather than deep flexion amgles. Further displacement of the tuberosity enhances the reduction of the contact force, however, the total reduction is less than what was predicted by Maquet. The change of the contact location relieves pain in short term but causes hyperpressure in the proximal retropatellar surface which might be detrimental in long term