پژوهشنامه فیزیولوژی ورزشی کاربردی
پیاپی 7 (بهار و تابستان 1387)

The purpose of this study is to survey the relationship between organizational communications system and the interpersonal conflict in physical education offices of west Azerbaijan province. The study uses the survey method. All employees working in physical education offices of west Azerbaijan province were included in the sample for this study (N= 153). The reliability and validity of the questionnaires as  instrument of the study was confirmed through physical education experts and university professors’ opinions; the pilot study as well as its internal validity was found significant by Cornbach’s alpha coefficient. Descriptive statistics(f-frequency distribution, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Spearman coefficient, coefficient of determination and Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests) were used in the study. Based on the result of spearman correlation coefficient, there is significant relationship between organizational communications system and interpersonal conflict.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute creatine-monohydrate (CR) and creatine plus carbohydrate (CR+CHO) supplementation on anaerobic performance in young soccer players. Twenty one young male soccer players (19±1.61 years) participated in the study who were matched and assigned to 3 random trials: CR+CHO (N=7, 4× 5 g/d of creatine + 25 g CHO) or CR (N=7, 4×5 g/d of creatine) or placebo for 5 days using a double-blind research design. Before and after the supplementation protocol, subjects performed a counter-movement jump test (CMJT), and Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) after the measurement of body composition. T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to establish if any significant differences existed within and between groups at P ≤ 0.05 respectively. Maximum and average power and body mass improved significantly in the CR+CHO and CR groups, whereas there was no significant change in CMJT and fatigue index at post-test. Furthermore, there were no between group differences in maximum and average power; CMJT and fatigue index in CR+CHO and CR groups compared with placebo group. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that although performance of an acute creatine loading together with CHO supplementation did not significantly improve anaerobic performances of soccer players but in spite of increase body mass, certain improvements were detected in Creatine groups which might have had an important role in the game results.

Comparison of psychological characteristics between athletes and non-athletes to find a possible personality profile for athletes has been one of the main goals of psychological studies in sport .This issue prevented us to deal with personality characteristics of athletes in several power events. In the present research we compared the characteristics of athletes' personality in wrestling, boxing, body building and martial arts as power sports fields. In this research 75 athletes (divided in 4 groups) from Qom city with 5 continuous years of sports involvement in wrestling, boxing, body building and martial arts and 21 none-athletes in the age range of 19-31 responded the questionnaire of Minnesota personality (MMPI). Findings indicate significant differences in each of the personality characteristics including anxiety, self conception, aggression, isolation and self disturbance.

The present study has been conducted to discover associations between gender and patterns of sports activities among 303 university students in Mazandaran University. Respondents were selected randomly and completed a self-administered questionnaire. The findings of the study indicated that 67 percent of students participated in sport activities, but in general male students were more active than female students. Favourite sports for the male students were walking, football, swimming, light exercise, and body building; while female students were more concerned to do such activities as light exercises, swimming, and volleyball, respectively. The most important reasons to participate in sports activities declared by male students were maintenance and enhancement of health status, acquisition of joy and fun, and to be fresh and active; while female students do the activities for reducing weight, fitness, and maintenance of health status. Finally, there have been positive associations between probability of sports participation and some psycho-social variables including social support, and health concern.

Man has always been thinking to overcome his existing limitations to achieve his existing goals and to plan new ones. Athletes go through this course continuously. Since human being is both a spiritual and material creature, it is obvious that the origin of his strength and power may be spiritual and material, that is, he can use both spiritual and material forces to fully develop and activate his aptitudes. The aim of this article is to introduce the strategy of strengthening through religious beliefs from the Holy Quran's viewpoint. In the literature to the study, strategies such as mechanical, nutritional, physiological, pharmacological and psychological ergogenic aids have been introduced. To optimize the outcomes and effects of these strategies, the strengthening strategy originating from religious belief has then been introduced, strategies which have been considered in the history different ethnic groups and nations such as Greece, Ancient Iran, and Olympic movement, post-Islam Iran, and also in the viewpoints of great philosophers like Avicena ,William James and Imam Khomeini. The researcher has used the viewpoints of the holy Quran and great commentators such as Allame-tabataba'i, motahhari etc. The subject has been explained in the frame work of the Quran's definitions of the terms "belief", "believer", "believer's characteristics" (e.g. calm, endurance, esteem , trust in god). The last discussed property is the power and strength in competition (fighting).The source components of belief, that is, knowledge and good deed, have been discussed and several recommendations have been proposed for other researchers and trainers.

The purpose of the present study was exploring the effect of the aerobic, yoga and aerobic-yoga training on some of the factors relating to female students’ physical fitness. 76 sedentary female students participated in the general physical education 1 classes held by Ferdowsi University of Mashhad with an age range between 19 and 25. The participants did not have any previous experience in selected training modes. They were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (aerobic, yoga and aerobic-yoga) and one control group. The subjects in experimental groups participated in specific exercises for 14 weeks, which included two sessions per week each lasting for 60 minutes. During this period, the subjects in the control group participated in theoretical physical fitness course and had no organized exercise programs. In order to collect data, at the end of exercises in the experimental groups, 1200-meter run, vertical jump, shuttle run, sit-ups and push-ups tests were used for assessing the factors of physical fitness. One-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s Post Hoc Test showed that the mean of total physical fitness and the factors of cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular strength and abdominal and upper body muscular endurance in aerobic, yoga, and aerobic-yoga groups compared to the control group was significantly higher (P<0.05). Also, the means of agility in yoga group and aerobic-yoga group were significantly higher than aerobic and control groups (P<0.05). The results indicate that selected training modes especially yoga exercises have improved the physical fitness and its factors among the female students. Therefore, it is recommended that these training modes be used in the instructional programs of general physical education 1.

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of acute body weight loss upon Stroke volume (SV), Heart Rate (HR), Cardiac out put (Q), Cardiac index (CI), Stroke index (SI), Left cardiac work (LCW), Systolic (SBP), Diastolic (DBP) and Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), in club male-wrestlers. 20 elite male wrestlers were randomly selected. At first, the body composition was determined using Bioimpedance method and then the cardiac functional parameters were measured via CardioScreen in the sitting position. The subjects were then divided into two groups (experimental/(n=10) and control/(n=10) groups). The experimental group lost 3.11% of body weight in a sauna bath and finally, the body composition and cardiac parameters was measured for the second time.The results showed that, there were significant differences in all of the measured cardiac parameters of the experimental group between pre and post test, except HR (P<0.05). There were also significant differences between the observed changes of SV, HR, SI, LCW, dBP and MAP of the two groups from pre to post test (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the cardiac functional parameters can be suppressed in response to acute dehydration which can lead to unpleasant consequences for athletes.