مجله تحقیقات علوم قرآن و حدیث
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 9، بهار و تابستان 1387)

In all messages, the formal feature and how it penetrates III the souls of its addressees, is one of the most important ways. Restriction (qas'r) is one the most significant issues in semantics, about which it has been spoken in rhetorical methods of Qur'an. Qasr is limitation of the subject in a predicate or restriction of one thing to another in a particular way. This restriction can be done by different means. In Arabic, negation and exclusion are the main and strongest means for restriction. As Qur'an is the most important scripture for Muslims, to reach a deeper understanding of it, we have to consider all the rhetorical methods among which is restriction. In this article we have studied different views about various ways of restriction and its status in Qur'an and rhetorics.

The issue of governing and supreme leadership, the same as prophecy is a rank allocated by Allah, on which many tradition like thaqa’layn, Gadir, manzelat and many verses of Qur'an have emphasized. Although some Sunni exegetes deny this verity, but in many cases they admit the high status of the prophet's progeny and have considered them as the occasion of revelation or referent for many verses of Qur'an. Sunni commentators' acknowledgement about this fact, despite their blocking the writing of hadith and forging many traditions against them, clearly shows the right of the prophet's progeny to governing and supreme leadership. Studying the verses on governing and supreme leadership in both Muqatel and Zamakhshari exegesis, this article has tried to display the glory and splendor of the prophet's progeny in these two commentaries.

Nahjulbalaga, same as Qur'an, is a vast ocean from which everyone can benefit according to his / her talent. Grammatical, rhetorical, linguistic, the same as dogmatic issues like theology, philosophy and mystics are abundant in this unique human book. Among all the knowledge, linguistics is one by which we can calch pearls of meaning which display the amazing aspects of sense in Imam Ali's words. One of the linguistic issues in this book is the study of ethical and dogmatic expressions based on their synonyms, antonyms, homonyms and polysemy’s, on which we have concentrated in our study in order to gain a better understanding of the semantic system of the words. In this article, we have tried to study these different stages of meaning and show that each ethical and dogmatic expression has a special meaning according to its context, which differ from its same usage in other contexts.

Quranic researchers have long scrutinized the issue of clearly established uses and obscure ones as atenet in interpretation and Qur'anic sciences, This issue established by Quran itself, has been elucidated by traditions, followed by exegetes' explanations abaut it. In this article, this subject is considered literally, in the traditions and Qur'an, resoluing that essentially, Qur'an from one aspect has general obscurity and exactness (tashabuh and Ehkam), from another aspect it has them partially. It also indicates that these two con be devided to different categories. Considering its qualities, the obscure uerses should have more than one aspect: various possible meanings or denotations, among which only some might be correct, while others being incorrect in a way that sick hearted persons may misuse them. At the mean time the ambiguity of such verses may be resolved by referring to the exact and clearly established verses.

Studying the justification is one of the Quranic knowledge’s (Uhum Qur'an) which is less studied in Imami works and exegetes. In such verses, different figures of speech is seen; one of which is the divergence in verbs, classified in eleven groups as discussed in this article. In these kind of literally similar verses, almost alI the words are the same except their verb forms Finally, it must be soul that the most precious words have been used In Qaran, which are the best choice and they have no other alternative.

The root for differing Shiite and Sunnite interpretations of Ekmal verse (3 - Maedeh) is two things: the cause of revelation and the indication of day to which the word "al-yaom" (this day) refers. Considering the meaning of the verse, along with the conditions of revelation and teachings of the hadith, the shia have regarded "the declaration of the supreme leadership of Imam Ali" as the cause for its revelation, on which they have consensus. On the other hand, The Sunni have dispute on interpreting different segments of the verse and have suggested various possibilities for its commentary, none of which have been justified. The main cause for the -Sunni's disagreement with the Shia is on the authenticity of the traditions which identify Gadir Khum as the place and imamate as the cause for its revelation. Among the Sunni critics it is only Fakhr Razi who has assessed Shia's view, based on text analysis regardless of the traditions. In our view this critique - which was never taken into account - is due to Razi’s misunderstanding of Shias argument.