نشریه زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 207 (پاییز و زمستان 1387)

The Present paper is an attempt to study and protect Persian dialects seem doomed to extinction. Tati is one of these dialects spoken by a few speakers in a village named Kalāsure near Kaleibar. Introducing Kalāsure, its geographical and human situation, people's life style, phonetic symbols and grammatical rules controlling noun and pronoun including gender, definition, number, agent, and verb agreement, singular or plural, noun cases, ergative, inflections are among issues presented in this paper. Post- Position is also dealt with in great details here. For each case, plenty of examples with their Farsi equivalent have been provided.

One of the high- frequency koranic gentive cases in Persian poetry is the koranic tales. After Yousef's tale, the tale of Eisa, that comes in the Holy Bibles and the Holy Koran with nearly common narrative, have a great reaction in persian poetry and most of poet have profit from its allusions. Worthy of mention that the common phases of hazrat Eisa more related to his relative, Hazrat Yahya, in the Holy Koran and the Holy Bibles and poetry is discussed in this article.

There are obvious and undeniable similarities between the short story of Dash ākol from persian S. Hedayat and the novel of zanbaq e darre (Le lys dans la vallée) from French H. Balzac٫even though no body has ever tried to compare them. These similarities are far mor than a unintentional and in order to identify the degrees of cause effect they need to be analized compared. In this article٫ the adoptation and the possible cause and effect between the two stories have been discussedand compred in the realm of the elements of a story. the more they are compared٫ the more obvious the similarities and their causes and effects seem. the similarities would be discussed in two phases: the similarities of Balzac’s life to Hedayat’s and in the second the similarities of elements of zanbaq e darre (Le lys dans la vallée) to those of Dāsh ākol.

In Kalidar and "the empty place of Soluch" a great part of the fictional realities including characters, actions objects and the scenes in addition to the direct indication to objective and visible realities have deeper meanings within them which are generally called implicit signification. These concepts are metaphorical, allegoric, symbolic, allusive, and figurative signification. Allegory doesnt have a high status here due to the fact that except for two or three occasions these two novels are considered as belonging to realistic literature. Metaphor in specific and literary sense is in the realm poetry and in its common sense is so general that one should look at other figurative significations like symbol, allusion and metonymy fro its manifestations and subdivisions. Within these two novels allusive and symbolic realities in addition to their real and factual indications refer to a reality beyond their superficial level because of the specific situation in which they are allocated within the story and hence can enter into the realm of figurative signification. The most frequent figurative significations of these two novels are the use of symbols and allusion from which a great number of examples have been studied here.

There is a close relationship between the synactic structure of a literary work and the mental pattern of its author the synactic form of a literary work influences its implication, in such a way that, from the external qualities of a work, one can get in to the mental structure of its creator. Every mental and conceptual strucutre can not be framed in to a frank and impressive syntactic form, which can further prove that langauges are based on rules and regulations. Concord is a syntactic form which follows the above form, and it is for this reason that the concords available in literary texts do not follow a fixed pattern,instate they follow their own specific syntactic forms. However, one cannot recommend a special concord for Persian language. The persent article first of all ateempts to analyze the concord in Zarrinkoob's book entitled 'Escape from School' and them compares it with available concord that is, verb groups with their subjects in the persian sentences.

Biography is one of the common branches of the Persian literature and history, which aims at providing and compiling a collection including one of the significant aspects of the Iranian culture and wisdom. One of the sparkling and brilliant periods of biography is Qajar era. In this era compiling the life account of the poets was considered as a criterion for assessing the rhetorics and talent. Byana-al-Mahmoud is the title of a biography belonging to Qajar era. It was compiled with the effort of Mahmoud Mirzayeh Qajar, the fourteenth son of Fath-Ali-Shah, and author of Tazkaratol-Shoarayeh-Safinatol-Mahmoud. The manuscript of this book is kept in 'manuscripts section' of the central library of Tabriz University. Taking account of the historical and literary significance of this work, the present paper attempts to provide an introduction to the history of biography and the main features of this manuscript, and to emphasize the revival, revision and publication of one of the Iranian literary heritages.

Iran's literary story stepped in its new era with seyyed ali Jamalzade. "Yeki bud Va Yeki Naboud" collection has vast differences in cracterization, narrative style with its former and similar and language. Although Jamalzade has written long stories too capability is roted for his short stories. Jamalzade advanced writing short stories a step forward in comparison with Dehkhoda. Therefore most researches about jamalzade's short stories focus on their content and context. Jamalzade concentrated on topic and context more than style and structure as a result only afew researches discussed narrative possibility in hjis short stories. In the following writing at jamalzade and his works are introduced in short and then there's a brief discussion about narratology. The main part of this article is allocated to narratology in jamalzade's short stories in terms of "plot", "character and characterization", "point of view", "narration techniques", "starting and ending methods" and language. The important claim in the present article is that jamalzade's short storiesare formed between tradition and innovation however repetition in his following works prevented him from innovation.